Physics Final Review #3: Momentum

Transcription

1 Name: ate: 1. The momentum of an object is the product of its. mass and acceleration. mass and velocity. force and displacement. force and distance 3. Four colored balls are thrown against a wall. The table below shows the masses and velocities of the balls. ata for Four alls olor Mass (g) Velocity (m/s) Red 4 7 Orange 12 2 Yellow 2 11 Green 9 3 Which ball had the greatest momentum when it hit the wall?. the red ball. the orange ball. the yellow ball. the green ball 2. Which statement explains what would happen to an astronaut in space after the astronaut throws a rock?. The astronaut would remain still because of the law of gravitation.. The astronaut would move above the rock because of the law of gravitation.. The astronaut would move in the same direction that the rock is moving to match the rock s momentum.. The astronaut would move in the opposite direction that the rock is moving to counter the rock s momentum. 4. n object has a mass, m, and velocity, v. Which change would make its momentum become one-fourth as much?. Its mass becomes m, and its velocity becomes 2 v 2.. Its mass remains m,and its velocity becomes v 2.. Its mass becomes m, and its velocity 3 remains v.. Its mass becomes m, and its velocity remains 2 2v. page 1

2 5. What is the difference in momentum between a 53-kg athlete running 3.58 m/s and a 880.-kg car traveling 1.03 m/s?. 130 kg m/s. 720 kg m/s. 1,100 kg m/s. 2,100 kg m/s 8. Which of the following has the greatest momentum?. a 60 kg deer moving west at a speed of 16.4 m/s. a 6300 kg elephant moving east at a speed of 0.11 m/s. a 0.42 kg soccer ball moving downfield at a speed of 12 m/s. a 0.03 kg arrow moving toward a target at a speed of 150 m/s 6. student on roller skates throws a basketball forward. How does the momentum of the student on skates compare to the momentum of the basketball?. The velocity of the student is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the velocity of the basketball.. The velocity of the student is equal in magnitude and in the same direction as the velocity of the basketball.. The product of the mass times the velocity of the student is equal in magnitude and in the same direction as the product of the mass times the velocity of the basketball.. The product of the mass times the velocity of the student is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the product of the mass times the velocity of the basketball. 9. Mike, who has a mass of 75 kg, is running north at 2.6 m/s. He accidentally collides with Tom, who has a mass of 125 kg and is not moving. Which of the following statements describes how much momentum each person has before the collision?. Mike has a momentum of 130 kg m/s north, and Tom has no momentum.. Mike has a momentum of 195 kg m/s north, and Tom has no momentum. 7. The momentum of an object in space is. dependent on its mass.. oth Mike and Tom have a momentum of 130 kg m/s north.. oth Mike and Tom have a momentum of 195 kg m/s north.. independent of its inertia.. independent of its velocity.. dependent on its potential energy. page 2

3 10. To calculate the momentum of a pickup truck with a velocity of 25 m/s east, it is also necessary to know which of the following?. time elapsed. drive force of the motor. mass of the pickup truck. distance that the pickup travels 13. When a 1.0-kilogram cart moving with a speed of 0.50 meter per second on a horizontal surface collides with a second 1.0-kilogram cart initially at rest, the carts lock together. What is the speed of the combined carts after the collision? [Neglect friction.]. 1.0 m/s m/s m/s. 0 m/s 11. Which of the following has the least momentum?. a 0.5 kg mass with a 1000 m/s velocity. a 1 kg mass with a 100 m/s velocity. a 10 kg mass with an 11 m/s velocity. a 100 kg mass with a 2 m/s velocity kilogram gun initially at rest is free to move. When a kilogram bullet leaves the gun with a speed of 500. meters per second, what is the speed of the gun?. 0.0 m/s. 2.4 m/s. 7.5 m/s m/s 12. When is linear momentum conserved?. when only nonlinear forces are present. when more linear than nonlinear forces are in the system. when internal forces exceed external forces. when the net force on the system is zero 15. What is the speed of a kilogram car that has a momentum of kilogram meters per second east? m/s m/s m/s m/s page 3

4 16. The magnitude of the momentum of an object is 64.0 kilogram meters per second. If the velocity of the object is doubled, the magnitude of the momentum of the object will be kg m/s kg m/s 19. When objects exert forces on each other, the total momentum of the system. decreases. increases. remains the same. 128 kg m/s. 256 kg m/s 20. reaction engine ejects hot gases in order to produce thrust. This is an example of conservation of 17. What is the momentum of a 1,200-kilogram car traveling at 15 meters per second due east?. 80. kg m/s due east. mass. charge. energy. momentum. 80. kg m/s due west kg m/s due east kg m/s due west 21. reaction engine ejects hot gases in order to produce thrust. This is an example of conservation of. mass. charge. energy. momentum 18. If the speed of a moving object is doubled, which quantity associated with the object must also double?. its momentum. its kinetic energy. its acceleration. its gravitational potential energy 22. reaction engine ejects hot gases in order to produce thrust. This is an example of conservation of. mass. charge. energy. momentum page 4

5 23. t an amusement park, bumper car X moves at a speed of 2.5 m/s toward car Y, which is at rest, as shown in the diagram below. 25. ar X collides with car Y. How does the momentum of each car change after the collision?. ar X s momentum increases, and car Y s momentum decreases.. ar X s momentum decreases, and car Y s momentum increases.. ar X s momentum is unchanged, and car Y s momentum increases. When these two freight cars of different mass collide and couple, what will be their resultant velocity?. 1 m s. 2 m s. 4 m s. 8 m s. ar X s momentum is unchanged, and car Y s momentum decreases. 24. The diagram depicts a 2-kg mass colliding with and sticking to a second box. What is the mass of the second box?. 4 kg. 6 kg. 8 kg. 9 kg 26. The diagram given shows two carts on a horizontal, frictionless surface being pushed apart when a compressed spring attached to one of the carts is released. art has a mass of 3.0 kilograms and cart has a mass of 5.0 kilograms. The speed of cart is 0.33 meters per second after the spring is released. If the carts are initially at rest, what is the approximate speed of cart after the spring is released? m/s m/s m/s m/s page 5

6 27. The diagram below shows an 8.0-kilogram cart moving to the right at 4.0 meters per second about to make a head-on collision with a 4.0-kilogram cart moving to the left at 6.0 meters per second. 29. s shown in the accompanying diagrams, a lump of clay travels horizontally to the right toward a block at rest on a frictionless surface. Upon collision, the clay and the block stick together and move to the right. fter the collision, the 4.0-kilogram cart moves to the right at 3.0 meters per second. What is the velocity of the 8.0-kilogram cart after the collision? m/s left m/s right ompared to the total momentum of the clay and the block before the collision, the momentum of the clay-block system after the collision is. less. greater. the same. 5.5 m/s left. 5.5 m/s right 28. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the information and diagram below. The diagram shows a compressed spring between two carts initially at rest on a horizontal frictionless surface. art has a mass of 2 kilograms and cart has a mass of 1 kilogram. string holds the carts together. 30. The diagram shown represents two objects at rest on a frictionless horizontal surface with a spring compressed between them. When the compressed spring is released, the two objects are pushed apart. fter the string is cut and the two carts move apart, the magnitude of which quantity is the same for both carts?. momentum. velocity What is the total momentum of the two-object system that is shown after the expansion of the spring?. 20 kg-m/s. 10 kg-m/s. 5.0 kg-m/s. 0 kg-m/s. inertia. kinetic energy page 6

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