Thermal & Fluids PE Exam Technical Study Guide Errata

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Thermal & Fluids PE Exam Technical Study Guide Errata"

Transcription

1 Thermal & Fluids PE Exam Technical Study Guide Errata This product has been updated to incorporate all changes shown in the comments on the webpage and comments as of October, If you have purchased this product prior to this date and wish for the latest version then please Justin Kauwale at August 7, 2018: The following figures were shown as blank. They have been updated as part of the errata and are attached immediately after this errata write-up. Basic Engineering Practice Figures 3 & 4 Fluid Mechanics Figures 5, 6, 7 & 12 Thermodynamics Figure 1 & 2 March 13, 2018: The equation for SCFM and ACFM was incorrect. Please see below for the correct equation. This affected page 7 of Hydraulic and Fluids and Problem These pages have been revised and are attached to this PDF. Thermal & Fluids PE Technical Study Guide Errata -1

2 March 19, 2018: Hydraulic and Fluids Applications, Problem 6, Hydraulics was revised as shown below. March 19, 2018: Energy/Power Applications, All instances of bypass factor and contact factor have been switched as shown below. Coils Bypass Factor h leaving coil h h apparatus de ew point h en ntering coil h apparatus de ew point Contact Factor 1 h leavin ng coil h app aratus dew point h enterin ng coil h app paratus dew point h en ntering coil h leaving coil h enteri ing coil h ap pparatus dew point Thermal & Fluids PE Technical Study Guide Errata -2

3 Figure 3: A side view or elevation view of the same object, with dimension lines. Figure 4: A side view or elevation view of the same object, with dimension lines. Basic Engineering Practice-6

4 Air Properties R k 1.4 Units ft lbf lbm R N/A Figure 3: Universal gas constant for air. The gas constant willl vary based on the gas. The speed of sound is important because it helps to determine when a fluid is compressible or incompressible. Once the speed of a fluid is out of the incompressible range, then many of the simplified equations used in Thermodynamics andd Fluids cannot be used. Instead, compressible equations must be used. Description Incompressible Sub-sonic Speed of sound Super sonic Mach Number Range 0 to to to 5 Figure 4: Incompressible fluids have a Mach numberr less than 0.3. On the exam, you should assume incompressible fluid unless told otherwise. 4.2 N NOZZLES Nozzles are used to create changes in velocities and pressures of a moving fluid. A nozzle in its simplest form increases the velocity of a fluid by reducing the area, which also increases the fluids pressure. The nozzle is an important part of the exam and if youu can understand what the fluid is doing through the nozzle, then you will be in a good position too get these types of questions correct. Figure 5: A nozzle increases the pressuree of the fluid, decreases temperaturee and increases the velocity of the fluid Conservation n of energy & mass One important concept to understand for both nozzles and diffusers is that energy is assumed to be conserved as the fluid passes throughh the nozzle. Any kinetic energy change (change in velocity) must be accounted for in a change in internal energy. For example, an increase in Fluid Mechanics-1 10

5 Figure 6: Converging diverging nozzle 4.3 D DIFFUSERSS Diffuserss are the opposite of nozzles. Diffusers decrease the pressure of the fluid by reducing the velocity. Figure 7: A diffuser decreases the pressuree of the fluid, increases temperaturee and decreases the velocity of the fluid. On the exam, use problems. the same equations to solve diffuser problems as you would for nozzle 4.4 B BULK MODULUS The term Bulk Modulus is a property of a fluid that describes the compressibility of the Bulk modulus, β, is defined in the equation below. fluid. β P ;psii V/V In this equation, V is the original volume of the fluid and delta V is the change in volume, when a pressuree change is applied to the fluid. Bulk modulus has units of pressure. Make sure you tab the Bulk Modulus properties in your r MERM. These values will be helpful in determining the change in volume when a pressure iss applied to a fluid. For example, if a hydraulic fluid has a bulk modulus of 200,000 psi and a pressure of 1,000 psi applied to the fluid (V = 10 in 3 ), then the change in volume can be found with the below equation. Fluid Mechanics-1 12

6 5.5 F FLUID POWER A large portion of the Thermal & Fluids field is using fluids to transmit power in hydraulic and pneumatic industrial systems. Pneumatics is the transfer of energy via compressed air and hydraulics is the transfer of energy via hydraulic fluid like oil. For example, pneumatics is used in the medical field, construction, manufacturing and packaging. Hydraulic fluids are used heavily in the construction and industrial industries too power large equipment like tractors, cranes, excavators, etc. This section of the book provides you a basic understanding of the engineering principles behind both hydraulics and pneumatics. The first principle is Pascal s Law. This law states thatt pressure is transmitted undiminished in all directions and exerts equal force on all areas for a confined fluid at rest. This means that anywheree within a circuit, pipe, pressure vessel, the fluid s pressuree is equal. Also be sure that the fluid is confined at rest. If the fluid is moving, then friction lossess will occur. Figure 12: The pressure acting upon all surfaces by the fluid in pink is equal, in accordance with Pascal s law. p pressure lbs in; F p F A Here are some conversions that you should be familiar with. force lbs; ; A πr 2 area in 2 Pascal (Pa) Megapascal (Mpa) Bar Lbs-sq-in (psi) 1 Pa 1 Mpa 1 Bar 1 Psi , x x Fluid Mechanics-2 22

7 3.0 THERMODYNAMICS PROPERTIES On the exam, you should be able to find thermodynamic properties very easily through the use of your thermodynamic property tables for given fluids, located in your Mechanical Engineering Reference Manual or Schaum s Thermodynamics for Engineers. These properties are the building blocks for solving the problems on the exam. You should also have a concept of what these properties mean in the real world. These concepts will help to reality check your answers, instead of blindly following the results of your equations. Hopefully, this helps you to catch any math errors and speeds up your elimination of incorrect multiple choice answers. 3.1 PRESSURE Pressure is one of the two most likely properties that you will start off with in a real world situation, because pressure is a thermodynamic property that is easily measured. Figure 1: Pressure gauge The pressure of a fluid indicates the amount of force per unit area that the fluid imparts on the materials around it. Pressure is typically measured in units of pounds per square inch psi. There are two different types of pressure scales, (1) absolute pressure and (2) gauge pressure. These two pressure scales differ by their 0 reference point. Gauge pressures have a 0-reference point as 1 atm. Thus 0 psig, where the g indicates gauge pressure, is equal to 1 atmospheric or 14.7 psia, where the a indicates absolute pressure. Most real world applications encountered by practicing engineers will have pressures indicated in gauge pressure. These include pressures measured at the discharge and intake of pumps and fans and the pressures measured at other pieces of equipment like heat exchangers, chillers and cooling towers. The relationship between gauge and atmospheric pressure is shown with the following equation and figure. P psi P psi 14.7 psi Thermodynamics-9

8 P 1 atm P 2atm P 0 atm P 1atm P 0atm Figure 2: The relationship between gauge and absolute pressures, gauge pressure on the left and absolute pressure is shown on the right. 3.2 TEMPERATURE Temperature is the second of the two most likely property that you will start off with in a real world situation, because temperature is easy to measure. Figure 3: A temperature gauge. This property is the one most people are familiar with, because it is displayed on thermostats and thermometers. Temperature is a direct indication of the amount of heat in the fluid. The United States Customary Systems (USCS) units used for temperature are Fahrenheit and Rankine. Typical Fahrenheit temperatures for chilled water (medium used for water-cooled air conditioning) range from 45F to 55F and hot water temperatures range from 120F to 140F. The temperature at which water boils is 212F and water freezes at 32F. Rankine temperatures are used when it is necessary to define an absolute temperature scale having only positive values. The conversion between Fahrenheit and Rankine is shown below. When using equations during the exam, ensure that the correct temperature units are used. Always double check the required units for your equation. R 460 The above equation converts Fahrenheit to Rankine. Thermodynamics-10

9 Coils Thermal & Fluids PE Technical Study Guide Errata -2

10 8.5 PROBLEM 3: CALCULATE THE REYNOLDS NUMBER 250 gpm of 120F water flows through a 4 diameter pipe that is located in the ceiling of a building. Assume the water in the pipe is not under extreme pressure. Calculate the Reynolds number of the fluid inside the pipe. a) 57,734 b) 295,941 c) 355,745 d) 136,836,344 Heat Transfer-23

11 8.6 SOLUTION 3: CALCULATE THE REYNOLDS NUMBER The Reynolds number is found by the following equation Where, ft, , , Use the tables in the MERM or your own resources to find the kinematic viscosity of water at 120F. Because the properties of water do not change drastically under minor pressure differences, water at atmospheric pressure can be used as a close estimate x 10, Solve for Reynolds number: , x 10 Heat Transfer-24

12 Fans.,., Fan affinity laws RPM constant Impeller diameter (N) is constant ACFM vs SCFM. ; Hydraulic/Fluid Applications-7

13 4.5 USING THE AFFINITY LAWS It is often necessary to determine how a pump will operate under differing operating conditions. The operating conditions of a pump that can most readily be changed are the impeller diameter and the rotational speed of the pump. In order to predict how a centrifugal pump will behave prior to changing the speed or the impeller diameter, the engineer can use the affinity laws shown below. The first set of affinity laws is that the flow rate (Q) is directly proportional to the size of the diameter of the pump impeller (D) and/or the rotational speed (N) of the pump. ; ; The second affinity law is that the total head (H) is directly proportional to the square of the size of the diameter of the pump impeller (D) and/or the square of the rotational speed (N) of the pump. ; ; The third affinity law is that the power (P) is directly proportional to the cube of the size of the diameter of the pump impeller (D) and/or the cube of the rotational speed (N) of the pump. ; ; Hydraulic/Fluid Applications-21

14 4.5.1 Similarity Laws You may come across these formulas, if you encounter a question that compares two similar pumps. These formulas are called the similarity laws. These laws compare similar pumps within the same series of pumps. The previous formulas compared the original condition and new condition of the same pump. These formulas compare two similar pumps, with different diameters. In order to best understand what is meant by same series of pumps, visit a manufacturer s website and you will see various pump series that have varying sizes within the same series. Within a series of pumps, a pump with x diameter impeller and y diameter volute can be compared to another pump in the same series of pumps, but with 2x diameter impeller and 2y diameter volute. The second pump is similar but has twice the diameter of the first pump. = = = = = =. = = = MULTIPLE PUMPS Pumps and fans can be provided in series or parallel. Please read the section on Multiple Fans for more information. The same concept presented on multiple fans also applies to pumps. 4.7 PIPE DESIGN When designing a piping system for your fluid (chilled water, condenser water, hot water, steam), you must be able to choose the correct material for the application, choose the correct Hydraulic/Fluid Applications-22

15 5.5 FAN AFFINITY LAWS Often times a fan s speed or impeller diameter will be changed. If the fan is a centrifugal fan, then the change in performance of the fan can be predicted quickly through the affinity laws. First, if the impeller diameter is held constant and the speed of the fan is changed, then flow rate varies directly with the speed, available pressure varies with the square of the speed and the power use varies with the cube of the speed. : Second, if the speed is held constant and the impeller diameter of the fan is changed, then flow rate varies directly with the diameter, available pressure varies with the square of the diameter and the power use varies with the cube of the diameter. : Hydraulic/Fluid Applications-35

16 5.5.1 Similarity Laws You may come across these formulas, if you encounter a question that compares two similar fans. These formulas are called the similarity laws. These laws compare similar fans within the same series of fans. The previous formulas compared the original condition and new condition of the same fan. These formulas compare two similar fans, with different diameters. In order to best understand what is meant by same series of fans, visit a manufacturer s website and you will see various fan series that have varying sizes within the same series. Within a series of fans, a fan with x diameter wheel and y diameter casing can be compared to another fan in the same series of fans, but with 2x diameter wheel and 2y diameter casing. The second pump is similar but has twice the diameter of the first fan. = = = = = =. = = = MULTIPLE FANS There will be times when fans are run in conjunction with each other. It is important for the engineer to understand how the performance is affected depending on the different arrangements of multiple fans. Hydraulic/Fluid Applications-36

17 11.2 SOLUTION 1 PRESSURE VESSEL What is the stress in a cylindrical pressure vessel when the fluid inside of the vessel is at a pressure of 10,000 psi? The vessel is 10 feet long and has a diameter of 4 feet. The vessel is 3 thick. for cylindrical thin walled pressure vessels σ PR t 10,000 psi 4 ft 12 in/ft 2 σ 3 in σ80,000 psi The answer is most nearly, (A), 100,000 psi. Hydraulic/Fluid Applications-57

18 11.3 PROBLEM 2 ACFM The flow rate of air at standard temperature and pressure is 2000 cfm. What is the flow rate when ambient conditions are 4 psig and 80 o F. (a) 1634 cfm (b) 2447 cfm (c) 2550 cfm (d) 3530 cfm Hydraulic/Fluid Applications-56

19 11.4 SOLUTION 2 ACFM The flow rate of air at standard temperature and pressure is 2000 cfm. What is the flow rate when ambient conditions are 4 psig and 80 o F. Use the following equation to convert from standard cfm (SCFM) to actual cfm (ACFM). The pressure is given in psig and must first be converted to psia and the temperature must be converted to Rankine Solve for ACFM , The answer is (A), 1634 cfm. Hydraulic/Fluid Applications-57

20 12.0 PRACTICE PROBLEMS 12.1 PROBLEM 1 NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD A cooling tower is located such that the fluid level in the basin is 15 ft above the centerline for the suction of the condenser water pump. The water is at an average temperature of 88 F. The friction loss from the cooling tower basin to the suction of the pump is approximately 12 ft of head. What is the net positive suction head available at the suction side of the pump with a flow rate of 320 GPM? (a) 16.3 ft of head (b) 30.9 ft of head (c) 35.6 ft of head (d) 37.0 ft of head Energy/Power Applications-66

Department of Energy Fundamentals Handbook. THERMODYNAMICS, HEAT TRANSFER, AND FLUID FLOW, Module 3 Fluid Flow

Department of Energy Fundamentals Handbook. THERMODYNAMICS, HEAT TRANSFER, AND FLUID FLOW, Module 3 Fluid Flow Department of Energy Fundamentals Handbook THERMODYNAMICS, HEAT TRANSFER, AND FLUID FLOW, Module 3 REFERENCES REFERENCES Streeter, Victor L., Fluid Mechanics, 5th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, ISBN 07-062191-9.

More information

Chapter 3 Basic Physical Principles Applications to Fluid Power Sy S stems

Chapter 3 Basic Physical Principles Applications to Fluid Power Sy S stems Chapter 3 Basic Physical Principles Applications to Fluid Power Systems 1 Objectives Identify and explain the design and operation of the six basic machines. Describe the factors that affect energy in

More information

2.0 KEY EQUATIONS. Evaporator Net Refrigeration Effect. Compressor Work. Net Condenser Effect

2.0 KEY EQUATIONS. Evaporator Net Refrigeration Effect. Compressor Work. Net Condenser Effect 2.0 KEY EQUATIONS Evaporator Net Refrigeration Effect Q net refrigeration effect [] = (H 1 H 4 ) lb (Refrig Flow Rate) (60) min lb min hr H 1 = leaving evaporator enthalpy lb ; H 4 = entering evaporator

More information

Pressure and Flow Characteristics

Pressure and Flow Characteristics Pressure and Flow Characteristics Continuing Education from the American Society of Plumbing Engineers August 2015 ASPE.ORG/ReadLearnEarn CEU 226 READ, LEARN, EARN Note: In determining your answers to

More information

PowerPoint Presentation by: Associated Technical Authors. Publisher The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc. Tinley Park, Illinois

PowerPoint Presentation by: Associated Technical Authors. Publisher The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc. Tinley Park, Illinois Althouse Turnquist Bracciano PowerPoint Presentation by: Associated Technical Authors Publisher The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc. Tinley Park, Illinois Chapter 1 History and Fundamentals of Refrigeration

More information

Applied Fluid Mechanics

Applied Fluid Mechanics Applied Fluid Mechanics 1. The Nature of Fluid and the Study of Fluid Mechanics 2. Viscosity of Fluid 3. Pressure Measurement 4. Forces Due to Static Fluid 5. Buoyancy and Stability 6. Flow of Fluid and

More information

The following article was authored by Jacques Chaurette, President Fluide Design, Inc. (www.fluidedesign.com) All rights reserved.

The following article was authored by Jacques Chaurette, President Fluide Design, Inc. (www.fluidedesign.com) All rights reserved. The following article was authored by Jacques Chaurette, President Fluide Design, Inc. (www.fluidedesign.com) All rights reserved. - HOW TO AVOID CAVITATION? CAVITATION CAN BE AVOIDED IF THE N.P.S.H. AVAILABLE

More information

PTAC: Applied Physics COURSE OUTLINE & OBJECTIVES ESC Approved October 8, 2004

PTAC: Applied Physics COURSE OUTLINE & OBJECTIVES ESC Approved October 8, 2004 MEASUREMENT PTAC: Applied Physics COURSE OUTLINE & OBJECTIVES ESC Approved October 8, 2004 1. Identify/describe Standard English measurement symbols. 2. Identify/describe SI (metric) measurement symbols.

More information

PUMP SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND SIZING. BY JACQUES CHAURETTE p. eng.

PUMP SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND SIZING. BY JACQUES CHAURETTE p. eng. PUMP SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND SIZING BY JACQUES CHAURETTE p. eng. 5 th Edition February 2003 Published by Fluide Design Inc. www.fluidedesign.com Copyright 1994 I TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Symbols Chapter

More information

Course: TDEC202 (Energy II) dflwww.ece.drexel.edu/tdec

Course: TDEC202 (Energy II) dflwww.ece.drexel.edu/tdec Course: TDEC202 (Energy II) Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach Course Director/Lecturer: Dr. Michael Carchidi Course Website URL dflwww.ece.drexel.edu/tdec 1 Course Textbook Cengel, Yunus A. and Michael

More information

Purpose of Today s Presentation

Purpose of Today s Presentation Chilled Water Distribution Systems APPA Institute for Facilities Management Dallas, TX January 19, 2017 1 Purpose of Today s Presentation To provide a broad understanding of chilled water distribution

More information

CALIFORNIA POLYTECHNIC STATE UNIVERSITY Mechanical Engineering Department ME 347, Fluid Mechanics II, Winter 2018

CALIFORNIA POLYTECHNIC STATE UNIVERSITY Mechanical Engineering Department ME 347, Fluid Mechanics II, Winter 2018 CALIFORNIA POLYTECHNIC STATE UNIVERSITY Mechanical Engineering Department ME 347, Fluid Mechanics II, Winter 2018 Date Day Subject Read HW Sept. 21 F Introduction 1, 2 24 M Finite control volume analysis

More information

AEROSPACE ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT. Second Year - Second Term ( ) Fluid Mechanics & Gas Dynamics

AEROSPACE ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT. Second Year - Second Term ( ) Fluid Mechanics & Gas Dynamics AEROSPACE ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Second Year - Second Term (2008-2009) Fluid Mechanics & Gas Dynamics Similitude,Dimensional Analysis &Modeling (1) [7.2R*] Some common variables in fluid mechanics include:

More information

NEBB Fundamental Formulas

NEBB Fundamental Formulas Approved NEBB - May 1, 17 Page 1 of 8 Version 1.3 A = Area (ft²) IP, (m²) SI M = Mass (lb) IP, (kg) SI ACH = Air Changes per Hour ma = Mixed Air Ak = Effective Area m = meter (metre) AV = Average m³/s

More information

TOTAL HEAD, N.P.S.H. AND OTHER CALCULATION EXAMPLES Jacques Chaurette p. eng., June 2003

TOTAL HEAD, N.P.S.H. AND OTHER CALCULATION EXAMPLES Jacques Chaurette p. eng.,   June 2003 TOTAL HEAD, N.P.S.H. AND OTHER CALCULATION EXAMPLES Jacques Chaurette p. eng., www.lightmypump.com June 2003 Figure 1 Calculation example flow schematic. Situation Water at 150 F is to be pumped from a

More information

Lesson 6 Review of fundamentals: Fluid flow

Lesson 6 Review of fundamentals: Fluid flow Lesson 6 Review of fundamentals: Fluid flow The specific objective of this lesson is to conduct a brief review of the fundamentals of fluid flow and present: A general equation for conservation of mass

More information

Fluid Flow Analysis Penn State Chemical Engineering

Fluid Flow Analysis Penn State Chemical Engineering Fluid Flow Analysis Penn State Chemical Engineering Revised Spring 2015 Table of Contents LEARNING OBJECTIVES... 1 EXPERIMENTAL OBJECTIVES AND OVERVIEW... 1 PRE-LAB STUDY... 2 EXPERIMENTS IN THE LAB...

More information

ENGR 292 Fluids and Thermodynamics

ENGR 292 Fluids and Thermodynamics ENGR 292 Fluids and Thermodynamics Scott Li, Ph.D., P.Eng. Mechanical Engineering Technology Camosun College Jan.13, 2017 Review of Last Class Course Outline Class Information Contact Information, Website

More information

Only if handing in. Name: Student No.: Page 2 of 7

Only if handing in. Name: Student No.: Page 2 of 7 UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING FINAL EXAMINATION, DECEMBER 10, 2014 2:00 PM 2.5 HOURS CHE 211F FLUID MECHANICS EXAMINER: PROFESSOR D.G. ALLEN ANSWER ALL SEVEN (7) QUESTIONS

More information

DOE FUNDAMENTALS HANDBOOK THERMODYNAMICS, HEAT TRANSFER, AND FLUID FLOW Volume 3 of 3

DOE FUNDAMENTALS HANDBOOK THERMODYNAMICS, HEAT TRANSFER, AND FLUID FLOW Volume 3 of 3 DOE-HDBK-1012/3-92 JUNE 1992 DOE FUNDAMENTALS HANDBOOK THERMODYNAMICS, HEAT TRANSFER, AND FLUID FLOW Volume 3 of 3 U.S. Department of Energy Washington, D.C. 20585 FSC-6910 Distribution Statement A. Approved

More information

Universität Duisburg-Essen Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften WS 2012 Maschinenbau, IVG, Thermodynamik Dr. M. A. Siddiqi

Universität Duisburg-Essen Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften WS 2012 Maschinenbau, IVG, Thermodynamik Dr. M. A. Siddiqi 1 Universität Duisburg-Essen 3. Semester Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften WS 2012 Maschinenbau, IVG, Thermodynamik Dr. M. A. Siddiqi THERMODYNAMICS LAB (ISE) Pressure Measurement 2 2 Pressure Measurement

More information

PUMP PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENTS Jacques Chaurette p. eng. April 2003

PUMP PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENTS Jacques Chaurette p. eng.  April 2003 PUMP PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENTS Jacques Chaurette p. eng. www.lightmypump.com April 003 Synopsis This article examines how to take flow and pressure measurement and then calculate the total head of a pump

More information

n = Kinematic viscosity (cst) SG = specific gravity or 1 Poise = 100 cp 1 Stoke = 100 cst Q = capacity (m 3 /s) A = tube area (m 2 ) or

n = Kinematic viscosity (cst) SG = specific gravity or 1 Poise = 100 cp 1 Stoke = 100 cst Q = capacity (m 3 /s) A = tube area (m 2 ) or Fmulas Designation Fmula Comments Product Viscosity n = m r n = Kinematic viscosity (mm /s) m = Absolute viscosity (mpa.s) n = m SG n = Kinematic viscosity (cst) m = Absolute viscosity (cp) m = n SG 1

More information

Machine Design PE Technical Study Guide Errata

Machine Design PE Technical Study Guide Errata Machine Design PE Technical Study Guide Errata This product has been updated to incorporate all changes shown in the comments on the webpage and email comments as of August 20, 2018. If you have purchased

More information

CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS. Prepared by Engr. John Paul Timola

CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS. Prepared by Engr. John Paul Timola CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS Prepared by Engr. John Paul Timola ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS Science that involves design and analysis of devices and systems for energy conversion Deals with heat and work and

More information

Fall 2014 Qualifying Exam Thermodynamics Closed Book

Fall 2014 Qualifying Exam Thermodynamics Closed Book Fall 2014 Qualifying Exam Thermodynamics Closed Book Saturated ammonia vapor at 200 O F flows through a 0.250 in diameter tube. The ammonia passes through a small orifice causing the pressure to drop very

More information

THE APPLICATION OF THERMODYNAMICS TO PUMP SYSTEMS

THE APPLICATION OF THERMODYNAMICS TO PUMP SYSTEMS THE APPLICATION OF THERMODYNAMICS TO PUMP SYSTEMS.0 ENERGY AND THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES This chapter requires some introduction to thermodynamic properties and states. No need to panic, we will use only

More information

Angular momentum equation

Angular momentum equation Angular momentum equation For angular momentum equation, B =H O the angular momentum vector about point O which moments are desired. Where β is The Reynolds transport equation can be written as follows:

More information

Richard Nakka's Experimental Rocketry Web Site

Richard Nakka's Experimental Rocketry Web Site Página 1 de 7 Richard Nakka's Experimental Rocketry Web Site Solid Rocket Motor Theory -- Nozzle Theory Nozzle Theory The rocket nozzle can surely be described as the epitome of elegant simplicity. The

More information

A drop forms when liquid is forced out of a small tube. The shape of the drop is determined by a balance of pressure, gravity, and surface tension

A drop forms when liquid is forced out of a small tube. The shape of the drop is determined by a balance of pressure, gravity, and surface tension A drop forms when liquid is forced out of a small tube. The shape of the drop is determined by a balance of pressure, gravity, and surface tension forces. 2 Objectives 3 i i 2 1 INTRODUCTION Property:

More information

FE Exam Fluids Review October 23, Important Concepts

FE Exam Fluids Review October 23, Important Concepts FE Exam Fluids Review October 3, 013 mportant Concepts Density, specific volume, specific weight, specific gravity (Water 1000 kg/m^3, Air 1. kg/m^3) Meaning & Symbols? Stress, Pressure, Viscosity; Meaning

More information

SEM-2017(03HI MECHANICAL ENGINEERING. Paper II. Please read each of the following instructions carefully before attempting questions.

SEM-2017(03HI MECHANICAL ENGINEERING. Paper II. Please read each of the following instructions carefully before attempting questions. We RoU No. 700095 Candidate should write his/her Roll No. here. Total No. of Questions : 7 No. of Printed Pages : 7 SEM-2017(03HI MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Paper II Time ; 3 Hours ] [ Total Marks : 0 Instructions

More information

Part A: 1 pts each, 10 pts total, no partial credit.

Part A: 1 pts each, 10 pts total, no partial credit. Part A: 1 pts each, 10 pts total, no partial credit. 1) (Correct: 1 pt/ Wrong: -3 pts). The sum of static, dynamic, and hydrostatic pressures is constant when flow is steady, irrotational, incompressible,

More information

vector H. If O is the point about which moments are desired, the angular moment about O is given:

vector H. If O is the point about which moments are desired, the angular moment about O is given: The angular momentum A control volume analysis can be applied to the angular momentum, by letting B equal to angularmomentum vector H. If O is the point about which moments are desired, the angular moment

More information

CHAPTER EIGHT P U M P I N G O F L I Q U I D S

CHAPTER EIGHT P U M P I N G O F L I Q U I D S CHAPTER EIGHT P U M P I N G O F L I Q U I D S Pupmps are devices for supplying energy or head to a flowing liquid in order to overcome head losses due to friction and also if necessary, to raise liquid

More information

ME3560 Tentative Schedule Spring 2019

ME3560 Tentative Schedule Spring 2019 ME3560 Tentative Schedule Spring 2019 Week Number Date Lecture Topics Covered Prior to Lecture Read Section Assignment Prep Problems for Prep Probs. Must be Solved by 1 Monday 1/7/2019 1 Introduction to

More information

Introduction to Fluid Machines, and Compressible Flow Prof. S. K. Som Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

Introduction to Fluid Machines, and Compressible Flow Prof. S. K. Som Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Introduction to Fluid Machines, and Compressible Flow Prof. S. K. Som Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture - 09 Introduction to Reaction Type of Hydraulic

More information

ME3560 Tentative Schedule Fall 2018

ME3560 Tentative Schedule Fall 2018 ME3560 Tentative Schedule Fall 2018 Week Number 1 Wednesday 8/29/2018 1 Date Lecture Topics Covered Introduction to course, syllabus and class policies. Math Review. Differentiation. Prior to Lecture Read

More information

Outlines. simple relations of fluid dynamics Boundary layer analysis. Important for basic understanding of convection heat transfer

Outlines. simple relations of fluid dynamics Boundary layer analysis. Important for basic understanding of convection heat transfer Forced Convection Outlines To examine the methods of calculating convection heat transfer (particularly, the ways of predicting the value of convection heat transfer coefficient, h) Convection heat transfer

More information

Northern Lesson 2 Gear Pump Terminology. Gear Pump 101. Lesson 2: Gear Pump Terminology. When your reputation depends on it!

Northern Lesson 2 Gear Pump Terminology. Gear Pump 101. Lesson 2: Gear Pump Terminology. When your reputation depends on it! Gear Pump 101 Lesson 2: Gear Pump Terminology When your reputation depends on it! Symbol Term Metric Unit Abbreviation US Customary Unit Abbreviation Conversion factor a A Area square millimeter mm2 square

More information

ACCOUNTING FOR FRICTION IN THE BERNOULLI EQUATION FOR FLOW THROUGH PIPES

ACCOUNTING FOR FRICTION IN THE BERNOULLI EQUATION FOR FLOW THROUGH PIPES ACCOUNTING FOR FRICTION IN THE BERNOULLI EQUATION FOR FLOW THROUGH PIPES Some background information first: We have seen that a major limitation of the Bernoulli equation is that it does not account for

More information

PumpTech Customer Education

PumpTech Customer Education PumpTech Customer Education http://www.pumptechnw.com Bellevue Moses Lake Canby PumpTech Product Lines UL Listed Packaged Systems Two full time Mechanical Engineers Licensed in OR, WA & ID SolidWorks &

More information

Thermodynamics Introduction and Basic Concepts

Thermodynamics Introduction and Basic Concepts Thermodynamics Introduction and Basic Concepts by Asst. Prof. Channarong Asavatesanupap Mechanical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Thammasat University 2 What is Thermodynamics? Thermodynamics

More information

FE Fluids Review March 23, 2012 Steve Burian (Civil & Environmental Engineering)

FE Fluids Review March 23, 2012 Steve Burian (Civil & Environmental Engineering) Topic: Fluid Properties 1. If 6 m 3 of oil weighs 47 kn, calculate its specific weight, density, and specific gravity. 2. 10.0 L of an incompressible liquid exert a force of 20 N at the earth s surface.

More information

Final 1. (25) 2. (10) 3. (10) 4. (10) 5. (10) 6. (10) TOTAL = HW = % MIDTERM = % FINAL = % COURSE GRADE =

Final 1. (25) 2. (10) 3. (10) 4. (10) 5. (10) 6. (10) TOTAL = HW = % MIDTERM = % FINAL = % COURSE GRADE = MAE101B: Advanced Fluid Mechanics Winter Quarter 2017 http://web.eng.ucsd.edu/~sgls/mae101b_2017/ Name: Final This is a three hour open-book exam. Please put your name on the top sheet of the exam. Answer

More information

Samos SI E1/E2

Samos SI E1/E2 Samos SI E/E Samos SI E Description Busch Samos SI regenerative blowers are designed for either pressure or vacuum. They are available in single and two stage models so they can operate over a wide range

More information

Fachgesprach 12. HVAC Pumps. For Project Managers

Fachgesprach 12. HVAC Pumps. For Project Managers Fachgesprach 12 HVAC Pumps For Project Managers WTF Philosophy: If you don t remember a certain formula, it's OK - you can always GoogleTheS h i t. But bad engineering CONCEPTS can hurt you. WTF Institute

More information

Objectives. Conservation of mass principle: Mass Equation The Bernoulli equation Conservation of energy principle: Energy equation

Objectives. Conservation of mass principle: Mass Equation The Bernoulli equation Conservation of energy principle: Energy equation Objectives Conservation of mass principle: Mass Equation The Bernoulli equation Conservation of energy principle: Energy equation Conservation of Mass Conservation of Mass Mass, like energy, is a conserved

More information

Signature: (Note that unsigned exams will be given a score of zero.)

Signature: (Note that unsigned exams will be given a score of zero.) Neatly print your name: Signature: (Note that unsigned exams will be given a score of zero.) Circle your lecture section (-1 point if not circled, or circled incorrectly): Prof. Dabiri Prof. Wassgren Prof.

More information

REE 307 Fluid Mechanics II. Lecture 1. Sep 27, Dr./ Ahmed Mohamed Nagib Elmekawy. Zewail City for Science and Technology

REE 307 Fluid Mechanics II. Lecture 1. Sep 27, Dr./ Ahmed Mohamed Nagib Elmekawy. Zewail City for Science and Technology REE 307 Fluid Mechanics II Lecture 1 Sep 27, 2017 Dr./ Ahmed Mohamed Nagib Elmekawy Zewail City for Science and Technology Course Materials drahmednagib.com 2 COURSE OUTLINE Fundamental of Flow in pipes

More information

Two mark questions and answers UNIT I BASIC CONCEPT AND FIRST LAW SVCET

Two mark questions and answers UNIT I BASIC CONCEPT AND FIRST LAW SVCET Two mark questions and answers UNIT I BASIC CONCEPT AND FIRST LAW 1. What do you understand by pure substance? A pure substance is defined as one that is homogeneous and invariable in chemical composition

More information

INDUSTRIAL RESOURCES, INC. Power Plant Fundamentals Training

INDUSTRIAL RESOURCES, INC. Power Plant Fundamentals Training INDUSTRIAL RESOURCES, INC Power Plant Fundamentals Training Module 2 Power Plant Theory Power Plant Fundamentals Training This program is designed to provide you with a fundamental understanding of power

More information

Target Insertion Flowmeter

Target Insertion Flowmeter Principle of Operation Flow is measured in terms of dynamic force acting on a target (solid disk) in the flow stream. Hermetically sealed, bonded strain gages in a bridge circuit configuration mounted

More information

Hydraulic Fundamentals Hydraulics Definition Advent of Oil Hydraulics Pascal s Law Pressure

Hydraulic Fundamentals Hydraulics Definition Advent of Oil Hydraulics Pascal s Law Pressure Fluidsys Training Centre, Bangalore offers an extensive range of skill-based and industry-relevant courses in the field of Pneumatics and Hydraulics. For more details, please visit the website: https://fluidsys.org

More information

Name: 10/21/2014. NE 161 Midterm. Multiple choice 1 to 10 are 2 pts each; then long problems 1 through 4 are 20 points each.

Name: 10/21/2014. NE 161 Midterm. Multiple choice 1 to 10 are 2 pts each; then long problems 1 through 4 are 20 points each. NE 161 Midterm Multiple choice 1 to 10 are 2 pts each; then long problems 1 through 4 are 20 points each. 1. Which would have a higher mass flow rate out of a 1 ft 2 break, a. 200 psia subcooled water

More information

s and FE X. A. Flow measurement B. properties C. statics D. impulse, and momentum equations E. Pipe and other internal flow 7% of FE Morning Session I

s and FE X. A. Flow measurement B. properties C. statics D. impulse, and momentum equations E. Pipe and other internal flow 7% of FE Morning Session I Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam General Section Steven Burian Civil & Environmental Engineering October 26, 2010 s and FE X. A. Flow measurement B. properties C. statics D. impulse, and momentum

More information

Exam #2: Fluid Kinematics and Conservation Laws April 13, 2016, 7:00 p.m. 8:40 p.m. in CE 118

Exam #2: Fluid Kinematics and Conservation Laws April 13, 2016, 7:00 p.m. 8:40 p.m. in CE 118 CVEN 311-501 (Socolofsky) Fluid Dynamics Exam #2: Fluid Kinematics and Conservation Laws April 13, 2016, 7:00 p.m. 8:40 p.m. in CE 118 Name: : UIN: : Instructions: Fill in your name and UIN in the space

More information

Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics

Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics Sixth Edition Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics International Student Version BRUCE R. MUNSON DONALD F. YOUNG Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics THEODORE H. OKIISHI Department

More information

Fluid Dynamics Exam #1: Introduction, fluid statics, and the Bernoulli equation March 2, 2016, 7:00 p.m. 8:40 p.m. in CE 118

Fluid Dynamics Exam #1: Introduction, fluid statics, and the Bernoulli equation March 2, 2016, 7:00 p.m. 8:40 p.m. in CE 118 CVEN 311-501 (Socolofsky) Fluid Dynamics Exam #1: Introduction, fluid statics, and the Bernoulli equation March 2, 2016, 7:00 p.m. 8:40 p.m. in CE 118 Name: : UIN: : Instructions: Fill in your name and

More information

Lecture 3 The energy equation

Lecture 3 The energy equation Lecture 3 The energy equation Dr Tim Gough: t.gough@bradford.ac.uk General information Lab groups now assigned Timetable up to week 6 published Is there anyone not yet on the list? Week 3 Week 4 Week 5

More information

Plant Design LECTURE 8: REBOILER CIRCUIT DESIGN. Daniel R. Lewin Department of Chemical Engineering Technion, Haifa, Israel

Plant Design LECTURE 8: REBOILER CIRCUIT DESIGN. Daniel R. Lewin Department of Chemical Engineering Technion, Haifa, Israel 054410 Plant Design LECTURE 8: REBOILER CIRCUIT DESIGN Daniel R. Lewin Department of Chemical Engineering Technion, Haifa, Israel Ref: Kern, R. Thermosyphon Reboiler Piping Simplified, Hydrocarbon Processing,

More information

Principles of Convection

Principles of Convection Principles of Convection Point Conduction & convection are similar both require the presence of a material medium. But convection requires the presence of fluid motion. Heat transfer through the: Solid

More information

ME 309 Fluid Mechanics Fall 2010 Exam 2 1A. 1B.

ME 309 Fluid Mechanics Fall 2010 Exam 2 1A. 1B. Fall 010 Exam 1A. 1B. Fall 010 Exam 1C. Water is flowing through a 180º bend. The inner and outer radii of the bend are 0.75 and 1.5 m, respectively. The velocity profile is approximated as C/r where C

More information

Compression and Expansion of Fluids

Compression and Expansion of Fluids CH2303 Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics I Unit V Compression and Expansion of Fluids Dr. M. Subramanian 26-Sep-2011 Associate Professor Department of Chemical Engineering Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College

More information

SIZING 2 E DEFINITIONS AND UNITS OF MEASUREMENT 2.1 CALCULATION OF THE ACCUMULATOR 2.2

SIZING 2 E DEFINITIONS AND UNITS OF MEASUREMENT 2.1 CALCULATION OF THE ACCUMULATOR 2.2 SIZING 2 E 01-12 DEFINITIONS AND UNITS OF MEASUREMENT 2.1 CALCULATION OF THE ACCUMULATOR 2.2 DEFINITIONS AND UNITS OF MEASUREMENT 2.1 E 01-12 2.1.1 DEFINITIONS Po = nitrogen pre-charge pressure (relative

More information

Method of Measuring Machinery Sound Within an Equipment Space

Method of Measuring Machinery Sound Within an Equipment Space ANSI/AHRI Standard 575 (Formerly ARI Standard 575) 2008 Standard for Method of Measuring Machinery Sound Within an Equipment Space Price $15.00 (M) $30.00 (NM) Printed in U.S.A. 8Copyright 1994, by Air-Conditioning

More information

Liquids CHAPTER 13 FLUIDS FLUIDS. Gases. Density! Bulk modulus! Compressibility. To begin with... some important definitions...

Liquids CHAPTER 13 FLUIDS FLUIDS. Gases. Density! Bulk modulus! Compressibility. To begin with... some important definitions... CHAPTER 13 FLUIDS FLUIDS Liquids Gases Density! Bulk modulus! Compressibility Pressure in a fluid! Hydraulic lift! Hydrostatic paradox Measurement of pressure! Manometers and barometers Buoyancy and Archimedes

More information

LEAKLESS COOLING SYSTEM V.2 PRESSURE DROP CALCULATIONS AND ASSUMPTIONS

LEAKLESS COOLING SYSTEM V.2 PRESSURE DROP CALCULATIONS AND ASSUMPTIONS CH-1211 Geneva 23 Switzerland EDMS No. ST/CV - Cooling of Electronics & Detectors GUIDE LEAKLESS COOLING SYSTEM V.2 PRESSURE DROP CALCULATIONS AND ASSUMPTIONS Objectives Guide to Leakless Cooling System

More information

Orifice and Venturi Pipe Flow Meters

Orifice and Venturi Pipe Flow Meters Orifice and Venturi Pipe Flow Meters by Harlan H. Bengtson, PhD, P.E. 1. Introduction Your Course Title Here The flow rate of a fluid flowing in a pipe under pressure is measured for a variety of applications,

More information

Detailed Outline, M E 320 Fluid Flow, Spring Semester 2015

Detailed Outline, M E 320 Fluid Flow, Spring Semester 2015 Detailed Outline, M E 320 Fluid Flow, Spring Semester 2015 I. Introduction (Chapters 1 and 2) A. What is Fluid Mechanics? 1. What is a fluid? 2. What is mechanics? B. Classification of Fluid Flows 1. Viscous

More information

Physics 207 Lecture 18

Physics 207 Lecture 18 Physics 07, Lecture 8, Nov. 6 MidTerm Mean 58.4 (64.6) Median 58 St. Dev. 6 (9) High 94 Low 9 Nominal curve: (conservative) 80-00 A 6-79 B or A/B 34-6 C or B/C 9-33 marginal 9-8 D Physics 07: Lecture 8,

More information

CHAPTER THREE FLUID MECHANICS

CHAPTER THREE FLUID MECHANICS CHAPTER THREE FLUID MECHANICS 3.1. Measurement of Pressure Drop for Flow through Different Geometries 3.. Determination of Operating Characteristics of a Centrifugal Pump 3.3. Energy Losses in Pipes under

More information

Chapter Four Hydraulic Machines

Chapter Four Hydraulic Machines Contents 1- Introduction. - Pumps. Chapter Four Hydraulic Machines (لفرع الميكانيك العام فقط ( Turbines. -3 4- Cavitation in hydraulic machines. 5- Examples. 6- Problems; sheet No. 4 (Pumps) 7- Problems;

More information

Determining Liquid Capacity 4 th Annual Pipeline Knowledge Retention Chris Sonneborn November 7, 2013

Determining Liquid Capacity 4 th Annual Pipeline Knowledge Retention Chris Sonneborn November 7, 2013 Determining Liquid Capacity 4 th Annual Pipeline Knowledge Retention Chris Sonneborn November 7, 2013 Outline What is important? Liquid Properties Thermal Conditions Hydraulic Gradient Flow Regime in Liquids

More information

Lecture 1 INTRODUCTION AND BASIC CONCEPTS

Lecture 1 INTRODUCTION AND BASIC CONCEPTS Lecture 1 INTRODUCTION AND BASIC CONCEPTS Objectives Identify the unique vocabulary associated with thermodynamics through the precise definition of basic concepts to form a sound foundation for the development

More information

Lecture 5. Labs this week: Please review ME3281 Systems materials! Viscosity and pressure drop analysis Fluid Bulk modulus Fluid Inertance

Lecture 5. Labs this week: Please review ME3281 Systems materials! Viscosity and pressure drop analysis Fluid Bulk modulus Fluid Inertance Labs this week: Lab 10: Sequencing circuit Lecture 5 Lab 11/12: Asynchronous/Synchronous and Parallel/Tandem Operations Please review ME3281 Systems materials! 132 Viscosity and pressure drop analysis

More information

For example an empty bucket weighs 2.0kg. After 7 seconds of collecting water the bucket weighs 8.0kg, then:

For example an empty bucket weighs 2.0kg. After 7 seconds of collecting water the bucket weighs 8.0kg, then: Hydraulic Coefficient & Flow Measurements ELEMENTARY HYDRAULICS National Certificate in Technology (Civil Engineering) Chapter 3 1. Mass flow rate If we want to measure the rate at which water is flowing

More information

Annubar Primary Element Flow Calculations

Annubar Primary Element Flow Calculations Rosemount 485 Annubar Annubar Primary Element Flow Calculations ANNUBAR PRIMARY ELEMENT FLOW EQUATIONS The Annubar primary element flow equations are all derived from the hydraulic equations which are

More information

MASS, MOMENTUM, AND ENERGY EQUATIONS

MASS, MOMENTUM, AND ENERGY EQUATIONS MASS, MOMENTUM, AND ENERGY EQUATIONS This chapter deals with four equations commonly used in fluid mechanics: the mass, Bernoulli, Momentum and energy equations. The mass equation is an expression of the

More information

Chapter 5 Control Volume Approach and Continuity Equation

Chapter 5 Control Volume Approach and Continuity Equation Chapter 5 Control Volume Approach and Continuity Equation Lagrangian and Eulerian Approach To evaluate the pressure and velocities at arbitrary locations in a flow field. The flow into a sudden contraction,

More information

MATTER AND HEAT. Chapter 4 OUTLINE GOALS

MATTER AND HEAT. Chapter 4 OUTLINE GOALS Chapter 4 MATTER AND HEAT OUTLINE Temperature and Heat 4.1 Temperature 4.2 Heat 4.3 Metabolic Energy Fluids 4.4 Density 4.5 Pressure 4.6 Buoyancy 4.7 The Gas Laws Kinetic Theory of Matter 4.8 Kinetic Theory

More information

PAPER 2 THEORY QUESTIONS

PAPER 2 THEORY QUESTIONS PAPER 2 THEORY QUESTIONS 1 Fig. 1.1 shows the arrangement of atoms in a solid block. Fig. 1.1 (a) End X of the block is heated. Energy is conducted to end Y, which becomes warm. (i) Explain how heat is

More information

Why do we need to study thermodynamics? Examples of practical thermodynamic devices:

Why do we need to study thermodynamics? Examples of practical thermodynamic devices: Why do we need to study thermodynamics? Knowledge of thermodynamics is required to design any device involving the interchange between heat and work, or the conversion of material to produce heat (combustion).

More information

UNIT II CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER

UNIT II CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER UNIT II CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER Convection is the mode of heat transfer between a surface and a fluid moving over it. The energy transfer in convection is predominately due to the bulk motion of the fluid

More information

R13 SET - 1 '' ''' '' ' '''' Code No RT21033

R13 SET - 1 '' ''' '' ' '''' Code No RT21033 SET - 1 II B. Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, June - 2015 THERMODYNAMICS (Com. to ME, AE, AME) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70 Note: 1. Question Paper consists of two parts (Part-A and Part-B)

More information

Introduction to Fluid Machines and Compressible Flow Prof. S. K. Som Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

Introduction to Fluid Machines and Compressible Flow Prof. S. K. Som Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Introduction to Fluid Machines and Compressible Flow Prof. S. K. Som Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture - 1 Introduction to Fluid Machines Well, good

More information

SKMM 2413 Thermodynamics

SKMM 2413 Thermodynamics SKMM 2413 Thermodynamics Md. Mizanur Rahman, PhD Department of Thermo-Fluids Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia UTM Office: C23-228 mizanur@fkm.utm.my Semester I, 2016-2017

More information

Non Newtonian Fluid Dynamics

Non Newtonian Fluid Dynamics PDHonline Course M417 (3 PDH) Non Newtonian Fluid Dynamics Instructor: Paul G. Conley, PE 2012 PDH Online PDH Center 5272 Meadow Estates Drive Fairfax, VA 22030-6658 Phone & Fax: 703-988-0088 www.pdhonline.org

More information

Chapter 4. Turbomachinery. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Pumps

Chapter 4. Turbomachinery. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Pumps Chapter 4 Turbomachinery 4.1 Introduction In this chapter we will examine the performance characteristics of turbomachinery. The word turbo implies a spinning action is involved. In turbomachinery, a blade

More information

Please welcome for any correction or misprint in the entire manuscript and your valuable suggestions kindly mail us

Please welcome for any correction or misprint in the entire manuscript and your valuable suggestions kindly mail us Problems of Practices Of Fluid Mechanics Compressible Fluid Flow Prepared By Brij Bhooshan Asst. Professor B. S. A. College of Engg. And Technology Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, (India) Supported By: Purvi Bhooshan

More information

Piping Systems and Flow Analysis (Chapter 3)

Piping Systems and Flow Analysis (Chapter 3) Piping Systems and Flow Analysis (Chapter 3) 2 Learning Outcomes (Chapter 3) Losses in Piping Systems Major losses Minor losses Pipe Networks Pipes in series Pipes in parallel Manifolds and Distribution

More information

Fluid Statics, Hydrodynamics and Hydraulic Machines

Fluid Statics, Hydrodynamics and Hydraulic Machines Fluid Statics, Hydrodynamics and Hydraulic Machines Bobby Rauf 1 Fluid Facts 1) Liquids and gases can both be categorized as fluids. 2) Liquid fluids are assumed be incompressible. 3) Gaseous fluids are

More information

Unified Quiz: Thermodynamics

Unified Quiz: Thermodynamics Unified Quiz: Thermodynamics October 14, 2005 Calculators allowed. No books or notes allowed. A list of equations is provided. Put your ID number on each page of the exam. Read all questions carefully.

More information

SPC 407 Sheet 2 - Solution Compressible Flow - Governing Equations

SPC 407 Sheet 2 - Solution Compressible Flow - Governing Equations SPC 407 Sheet 2 - Solution Compressible Flow - Governing Equations 1. Is it possible to accelerate a gas to a supersonic velocity in a converging nozzle? Explain. No, it is not possible. The only way to

More information

level of heat heat intensity

level of heat heat intensity TEMPERATURE The level of heat or heat intensity Measured with thermometers English system Fahrenheit ( F) Metric system Celsius ( C) Fahrenheit Absolute scale Rankine ( R) Celsius Absolute scale - Kelvin

More information

PDHengineer.com Course O-5001

PDHengineer.com Course O-5001 Hengineer.com Course O-500 Gas ipeline Hydraulics To receive credit for this course This document is the course text. You may review this material at your leisure either before or after you purchase the

More information

Liquids and solids are essentially incompressible substances and the variation of their density with pressure is usually negligible.

Liquids and solids are essentially incompressible substances and the variation of their density with pressure is usually negligible. Properties of Fluids Intensive properties are those that are independent of the mass of a system i.e. temperature, pressure and density. Extensive properties are those whose values depend on the size of

More information

SOUTHEAST TEXAS CONTINUING EDUCATION HIGH TEMPERATURE WATER HEATING SYSTEMS

SOUTHEAST TEXAS CONTINUING EDUCATION HIGH TEMPERATURE WATER HEATING SYSTEMS EXAM No. 151 HIGH TEMPERATURE WATER HEATING SYSTEMS 1. Due to pressure limitations on pipe and fittings, equipment, and accessories, what is the practical temperature limit of circulating water in district

More information

Chapter Four fluid flow mass, energy, Bernoulli and momentum

Chapter Four fluid flow mass, energy, Bernoulli and momentum 4-1Conservation of Mass Principle Consider a control volume of arbitrary shape, as shown in Fig (4-1). Figure (4-1): the differential control volume and differential control volume (Total mass entering

More information

first law of ThermodyNamics

first law of ThermodyNamics first law of ThermodyNamics First law of thermodynamics - Principle of conservation of energy - Energy can be neither created nor destroyed Basic statement When any closed system is taken through a cycle,

More information