Legendre s Equation. PHYS Southern Illinois University. October 13, 2016
|
|
- Valentine Caldwell
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 PHYS Southern Illinois University October 13, 2016 PHYS Southern Illinois University Legendre s Equation October 13, / 10
2 The Laplacian in Spherical Coordinates The Laplacian is given by 2 = = 2 x y z 2 = 1 r 2 r ( r 2 r ) + 1 r 2 sin θ ( sin θ ) + θ θ 1 r 2 sin 2 θ 2 φ 2. PHYS Southern Illinois University Legendre s Equation October 13, / 10
3 The Laplacian in Spherical Coordinates The Laplacian is given by 2 = = 2 x y z 2 Example = 1 r 2 r ( r 2 r In electrostatics, Gauss s law says ) + 1 r 2 sin θ ( sin θ ) + θ θ 2 ρ(r, θ, φ) Φ(r, θ, φ) =. ɛ 0 1 r 2 sin 2 θ 2 φ 2. PHYS Southern Illinois University Legendre s Equation October 13, / 10
4 The Laplacian with Azimuthal Symmetry Suppose that the potential Φ(r, θ, φ) is known to have azimuthal symmetry (i.e. Φ(r, θ) is independent of φ). PHYS Southern Illinois University Legendre s Equation October 13, / 10
5 The Laplacian with Azimuthal Symmetry Suppose that the potential Φ(r, θ, φ) is known to have azimuthal symmetry (i.e. Φ(r, θ) is independent of φ). Gauss s law in free space then takes the form: [ ( 1 r 2 r 2 ) + 1 ( r r r 2 sin θ ) ] Φ(r, θ) = 0. sin θ θ θ PHYS Southern Illinois University Legendre s Equation October 13, / 10
6 The Laplacian with Azimuthal Symmetry Suppose that the potential Φ(r, θ, φ) is known to have azimuthal symmetry (i.e. Φ(r, θ) is independent of φ). Gauss s law in free space then takes the form: [ ( 1 r 2 r 2 ) + 1 ( r r r 2 sin θ ) ] Φ(r, θ) = 0. sin θ θ θ Separation of Variables Assuming a solution of the form Φ(r, θ) = R(r)P(θ) leads to the pair of diff. eq.: ( 1 d r 2 dr ) ( 1 d = l(l + 1), sin θ dp ) = l(l + 1). R dr dr P sin θ dθ dθ PHYS Southern Illinois University Legendre s Equation October 13, / 10
7 Radial Equation The radial equation has the general solution R(r) = Ar l + Br l 1. PHYS Southern Illinois University Legendre s Equation October 13, / 10
8 Radial Equation The radial equation has the general solution Polar Equation R(r) = Ar l + Br l 1. To solve the polar equation, make the change of variable x = cos θ so that d dθ = dx d dθ dx = sin θ d dx. Note this requires 1 x 1. Then 0 = 1 ( d sin θ dp ) + l(l + 1)P P sin θ dθ dθ = d [ (1 x 2 ) dp(x) ] + l(l + 1)P(x) dx dx = (1 x 2 )P 2xP + l(l + 1)P. PHYS Southern Illinois University Legendre s Equation October 13, / 10
9 To solve 0 = (1 x 2 )P 2xP + l(l + 1)P, try the power series solution P(x) = a k x k. k=0 PHYS Southern Illinois University Legendre s Equation October 13, / 10
10 To solve 0 = (1 x 2 )P 2xP + l(l + 1)P, try the power series solution P(x) = This leads to the recursion relation a k x k. k=0 (k + 1)(k + 2)a k+2 = [(k + 1)k l(l + 1)]a k. PHYS Southern Illinois University Legendre s Equation October 13, / 10
11 To solve 0 = (1 x 2 )P 2xP + l(l + 1)P, try the power series solution P(x) = This leads to the recursion relation a k x k. k=0 (k + 1)(k + 2)a k+2 = [(k + 1)k l(l + 1)]a k. We pursue two types of solutions P + (x) and P (x), corresponding to even choices of k for P + (x) and odd k for P (x). PHYS Southern Illinois University Legendre s Equation October 13, / 10
12 Even Solutions l(l + 1) a 2 = a l(l + 1) (3 2 l(l + 1))( l(l + 1)) a 4 = a 2 = a ! 5 4 l(l + 1) 5 4 l(l + 1) (3 2 l(l + 1))( l(l + 1)) a 6 = a 4 = a ! a 2k = [(2k 1)(2k 2) l(l + 1)] [3 2 l(l + 1)][ l(l + 1)] a 0 (2k)! = a k 1 0 [(2j 1)2j l(l + 1)]. (2k)! j=1 PHYS Southern Illinois University Legendre s Equation October 13, / 10
13 Even Solutions Therefore, k 1 P + (x) = a 0 [(2j + 1)2j l(l + 1)] x 2k (2k)!. Key Observation: k=0 j=1 When x = 1, the solution takes the form k 1 P + (1) = a 0 [(2j + 1)2j l(l + 1)] 1 (2k)! k=0 This infinite series diverges! j=1 PHYS Southern Illinois University Legendre s Equation October 13, / 10
14 Proof: Write P + (1) = a 0 k=0 α k where Perform the ratio test: k 1 1 α k = [(2j + 1)2j l(l + 1)] (2k)!. j=1 α k+1 (2k + 1)2k l(l + 1) = α k (2k + 2)(2k + 1) 1 k 2 k + 1. PHYS Southern Illinois University Legendre s Equation October 13, / 10
15 Proof: Write P + (1) = a 0 k=0 α k where Perform the ratio test: k 1 1 α k = [(2j + 1)2j l(l + 1)] (2k)!. j=1 α k+1 (2k + 1)2k l(l + 1) = α k (2k + 2)(2k + 1) 1 k 2 k + 1. Compare with the divergent series k=1 1 k whose ratio test also gives k k+1. PHYS Southern Illinois University Legendre s Equation October 13, / 10
16 For large k, the series P + (1) = a 0 k=0 α k behaves like a divergent geometric series. PHYS Southern Illinois University Legendre s Equation October 13, / 10 Legendre s Equation Proof: Write P + (1) = a 0 k=0 α k where Perform the ratio test: k 1 1 α k = [(2j + 1)2j l(l + 1)] (2k)!. j=1 α k+1 (2k + 1)2k l(l + 1) = α k (2k + 2)(2k + 1) 1 k 2 k + 1. Compare with the divergent series k=1 1 k whose ratio test also gives k k+1.
17 Therefore, in order for P + (1) not to diverge, the sequence a 0 k=0 α k must terminate. PHYS Southern Illinois University Legendre s Equation October 13, / 10
18 Therefore, in order for P + (1) not to diverge, the sequence a 0 k=0 α k must terminate. In other words, the terms k 1 1 α k = [(2j + 1)2j l(l + 1)] (2k)! j=1 must vanish for all k N, where N is some integer. PHYS Southern Illinois University Legendre s Equation October 13, / 10
19 Therefore, in order for P + (1) not to diverge, the sequence a 0 k=0 α k must terminate. In other words, the terms k 1 1 α k = [(2j + 1)2j l(l + 1)] (2k)! j=1 must vanish for all k N, where N is some integer. This is only possible if l = 2N. PHYS Southern Illinois University Legendre s Equation October 13, / 10
20 Therefore, in order for P + (1) not to diverge, the sequence a 0 k=0 α k must terminate. In other words, the terms k 1 1 α k = [(2j + 1)2j l(l + 1)] (2k)! j=1 must vanish for all k N, where N is some integer. This is only possible if l = 2N. Summary In order for P + (x) to not diverge on the interval [ 1, 1], the separation constant l must be an even integer. PHYS Southern Illinois University Legendre s Equation October 13, / 10
21 Odd solutions: A similar argument shows that for odd choices of k, the solution is given by k P (x) = a 1 [2j(2j 1) l(l + 1)] x 2k+1 (2k + 1)!, k=0 where l is some odd integer. j=1 PHYS Southern Illinois University Legendre s Equation October 13, / 10
Legendre s Equation. PHYS Southern Illinois University. October 18, 2016
Legendre s Equation PHYS 500 - Southern Illinois University October 18, 2016 PHYS 500 - Southern Illinois University Legendre s Equation October 18, 2016 1 / 11 Legendre s Equation Recall We are trying
More informationd 1 µ 2 Θ = 0. (4.1) consider first the case of m = 0 where there is no azimuthal dependence on the angle φ.
4 Legendre Functions In order to investigate the solutions of Legendre s differential equation d ( µ ) dθ ] ] + l(l + ) m dµ dµ µ Θ = 0. (4.) consider first the case of m = 0 where there is no azimuthal
More informationClassical Field Theory: Electrostatics-Magnetostatics
Classical Field Theory: Electrostatics-Magnetostatics April 27, 2010 1 1 J.D.Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics, 2nd Edition, Section 1-5 Electrostatics The behavior of an electrostatic field can be described
More informationQuantum Mechanics in 3-Dimensions
Quantum Mechanics in 3-Dimensions Pavithran S Iyer, 2nd yr BSc Physics, Chennai Mathematical Institute Email: pavithra@cmi.ac.in August 28 th, 2009 1 Schrodinger equation in Spherical Coordinates 1.1 Transforming
More informationElectrodynamics I Midterm - Part A - Closed Book KSU 2005/10/17 Electro Dynamic
Electrodynamics I Midterm - Part A - Closed Book KSU 5//7 Name Electro Dynamic. () Write Gauss Law in differential form. E( r) =ρ( r)/ɛ, or D = ρ, E= electricfield,ρ=volume charge density, ɛ =permittivity
More informationConnection to Laplacian in spherical coordinates (Chapter 13)
Connection to Laplacian in spherical coordinates (Chapter 13) We might often encounter the Laplace equation and spherical coordinates might be the most convenient 2 u(r, θ, φ) = 0 We already saw in Chapter
More informationSolutions to Laplace s Equations- II
Solutions to Laplace s Equations- II Lecture 15: Electromagnetic Theory Professor D. K. Ghosh, Physics Department, I.I.T., Bombay Laplace s Equation in Spherical Coordinates : In spherical coordinates
More informationPHYS 404 Lecture 1: Legendre Functions
PHYS 404 Lecture 1: Legendre Functions Dr. Vasileios Lempesis PHYS 404 - LECTURE 1 DR. V. LEMPESIS 1 Legendre Functions physical justification Legendre functions or Legendre polynomials are the solutions
More informationExpansion of 1/r potential in Legendre polynomials
Expansion of 1/r potential in Legendre polynomials In electrostatics and gravitation, we see scalar potentials of the form V = K d Take d = R r = R 2 2Rr cos θ + r 2 = R 1 2 r R cos θ + r R )2 Use h =
More informationFORMULA SHEET FOR QUIZ 2 Exam Date: November 8, 2017
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Physics Department Physics 8.07: Electromagnetism II November 5, 207 Prof. Alan Guth FORMULA SHEET FOR QUIZ 2 Exam Date: November 8, 207 A few items below are marked
More informationCurvilinear coordinates
C Curvilinear coordinates The distance between two points Euclidean space takes the simplest form (2-4) in Cartesian coordinates. The geometry of concrete physical problems may make non-cartesian coordinates
More informationMore On Carbon Monoxide
More On Carbon Monoxide E = 0.25 ± 0.05 ev Electron beam results Jerry Gilfoyle The Configurations of CO 1 / 26 More On Carbon Monoxide E = 0.25 ± 0.05 ev Electron beam results Jerry Gilfoyle The Configurations
More informationSpherical Coordinates and Legendre Functions
Spherical Coordinates and Legendre Functions Spherical coordinates Let s adopt the notation for spherical coordinates that is standard in physics: φ = longitude or azimuth, θ = colatitude ( π 2 latitude)
More informationUniversity of Illinois at Chicago Department of Physics. Electricity & Magnetism Qualifying Examination
University of Illinois at Chicago Department of Physics Electricity & Magnetism Qualifying Examination January 7, 28 9. am 12: pm Full credit can be achieved from completely correct answers to 4 questions.
More informationl=0 The expansion coefficients can be determined, for example, by finding the potential on the z-axis and expanding that result in z.
Electrodynamics I Exam - Part A - Closed Book KSU 15/11/6 Name Electrodynamic Score = 14 / 14 points Instructions: Use SI units. Where appropriate, define all variables or symbols you use, in words. Try
More information(a) Determine the general solution for φ(ρ) near ρ = 0 for arbitary values E. (b) Show that the regular solution at ρ = 0 has the series expansion
Problem 1. Curious Wave Functions The eigenfunctions of a D7 brane in a curved geometry lead to the following eigenvalue equation of the Sturm Liouville type ρ ρ 3 ρ φ n (ρ) = E n w(ρ)φ n (ρ) w(ρ) = where
More informationPHYS 502 Lecture 8: Legendre Functions. Dr. Vasileios Lempesis
PHYS 502 Lecture 8: Legendre Functions Dr. Vasileios Lempesis Introduction Legendre functions or Legendre polynomials are the solutions of Legendre s differential equation that appear when we separate
More information13 Spherical Coordinates
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU Foundations of Wave Phenomena Library Digital Monographs 8-204 3 Spherical Coordinates Charles G. Torre Department of Physics, Utah State University, Charles.Torre@usu.edu
More information4 Power Series Solutions: Frobenius Method
4 Power Series Solutions: Frobenius Method Now the ODE adventure takes us to series solutions for ODEs, a technique A & W, that is often viable, valuable and informative. These can be readily applied Sec.
More informationPhysics 342 Lecture 23. Radial Separation. Lecture 23. Physics 342 Quantum Mechanics I
Physics 342 Lecture 23 Radial Separation Lecture 23 Physics 342 Quantum Mechanics I Friday, March 26th, 2010 We begin our spherical solutions with the simplest possible case zero potential. Aside from
More information1. (3) Write Gauss Law in differential form. Explain the physical meaning.
Electrodynamics I Midterm Exam - Part A - Closed Book KSU 204/0/23 Name Electro Dynamic Instructions: Use SI units. Where appropriate, define all variables or symbols you use, in words. Try to tell about
More informationSchrödinger equation for the nuclear potential
Schrödinger equation for the nuclear potential Introduction to Nuclear Science Simon Fraser University Spring 2011 NUCS 342 January 24, 2011 NUCS 342 (Lecture 4) January 24, 2011 1 / 32 Outline 1 One-dimensional
More informationDielectrics - III. Lecture 22: Electromagnetic Theory. Professor D. K. Ghosh, Physics Department, I.I.T., Bombay
Dielectrics - III Lecture 22: Electromagnetic Theory Professor D. K. Ghosh, Physics Department, I.I.T., Bombay We continue with our discussion of dielectric medium. Example : Dielectric Sphere in a uniform
More informationMagnetostatics III Magnetic Vector Potential (Griffiths Chapter 5: Section 4)
Dr. Alain Brizard Electromagnetic Theory I PY ) Magnetostatics III Magnetic Vector Potential Griffiths Chapter 5: Section ) Vector Potential The magnetic field B was written previously as Br) = Ar), 1)
More informationSeparation of Variables in Polar and Spherical Coordinates
Separation of Variables in Polar and Spherical Coordinates Polar Coordinates Suppose we are given the potential on the inside surface of an infinitely long cylindrical cavity, and we want to find the potential
More informationBessel s and legendre s equations
Chapter 12 Bessel s and legendre s equations 12.1 Introduction Many linear differential equations having variable coefficients cannot be solved by usual methods and we need to employ series solution method
More informationPhysics 221A Fall 1996 Notes 12 Orbital Angular Momentum and Spherical Harmonics
Physics 221A Fall 1996 Notes 12 Orbital Angular Momentum and Spherical Harmonics We now consider the spatial degrees of freedom of a particle moving in 3-dimensional space, which of course is an important
More informationEigenfunctions on the surface of a sphere. In spherical coordinates, the Laplacian is. u = u rr + 2 r u r + 1 r 2. sin 2 (θ) + 1
Eigenfunctions on the surface of a sphere In spherical coordinates, the Laplacian is u = u rr + 2 r u r + 1 r 2 [ uφφ sin 2 (θ) + 1 sin θ (sin θ u θ) θ ]. Eigenfunctions on the surface of a sphere In spherical
More informationThe 3 dimensional Schrödinger Equation
Chapter 6 The 3 dimensional Schrödinger Equation 6.1 Angular Momentum To study how angular momentum is represented in quantum mechanics we start by reviewing the classical vector of orbital angular momentum
More informationElectromagnetism HW 1 math review
Electromagnetism HW math review Problems -5 due Mon 7th Sep, 6- due Mon 4th Sep Exercise. The Levi-Civita symbol, ɛ ijk, also known as the completely antisymmetric rank-3 tensor, has the following properties:
More information1 r 2 sin 2 θ. This must be the case as we can see by the following argument + L2
PHYS 4 3. The momentum operator in three dimensions is p = i Therefore the momentum-squared operator is [ p 2 = 2 2 = 2 r 2 ) + r 2 r r r 2 sin θ We notice that this can be written as sin θ ) + θ θ r 2
More informationField Theory exam II Solutions
Field Theory exam II Solutions Problem 1 (a) Consider point charges, one with charge q located at x 1 = (1, 0, 1), and the other one with charge q at x = (1, 0, 1). Compute the multipole moments q lm in
More informationQuantum Mechanics in Three Dimensions
Physics 342 Lecture 21 Quantum Mechanics in Three Dimensions Lecture 21 Physics 342 Quantum Mechanics I Monday, March 22nd, 21 We are used to the temporal separation that gives, for example, the timeindependent
More informationCHAPTER 3 POTENTIALS 10/13/2016. Outlines. 1. Laplace s equation. 2. The Method of Images. 3. Separation of Variables. 4. Multipole Expansion
CHAPTER 3 POTENTIALS Lee Chow Department of Physics University of Central Florida Orlando, FL 32816 Outlines 1. Laplace s equation 2. The Method of Images 3. Separation of Variables 4. Multipole Expansion
More informationAngular Momentum. Classically the orbital angular momentum with respect to a fixed origin is. L = r p. = yp z. L x. zp y L y. = zp x. xpz L z.
Angular momentum is an important concept in quantum theory, necessary for analyzing motion in 3D as well as intrinsic properties such as spin Classically the orbital angular momentum with respect to a
More informationMaxwell s equations for electrostatics
Maxwell s equations for electrostatics October 6, 5 The differential form of Gauss s law Starting from the integral form of Gauss s law, we treat the charge as a continuous distribution, ρ x. Then, letting
More informationIntroduction to Series and Sequences Math 121 Calculus II Spring 2015
Introduction to Series and Sequences Math Calculus II Spring 05 The goal. The main purpose of our study of series and sequences is to understand power series. A power series is like a polynomial of infinite
More informationAngular momentum. Quantum mechanics. Orbital angular momentum
Angular momentum 1 Orbital angular momentum Consider a particle described by the Cartesian coordinates (x, y, z r and their conjugate momenta (p x, p y, p z p. The classical definition of the orbital angular
More informationTwo special equations: Bessel s and Legendre s equations. p Fourier-Bessel and Fourier-Legendre series. p
LECTURE 1 Table of Contents Two special equations: Bessel s and Legendre s equations. p. 259-268. Fourier-Bessel and Fourier-Legendre series. p. 453-460. Boundary value problems in other coordinate system.
More information1 Potential due to a charged wire/sheet
Lecture XXX Renormalization, Regularization and Electrostatics Let us calculate the potential due to an infinitely large object, e.g. a uniformly charged wire or a uniformly charged sheet. Our main interest
More information8.1 Sequences. Example: A sequence is a function f(n) whose domain is a subset of the integers. Notation: *Note: n = 0 vs. n = 1.
8. Sequences Example: A sequence is a function f(n) whose domain is a subset of the integers. Notation: *Note: n = 0 vs. n = Examples: 6. Find a formula for the general term a n of the sequence, assuming
More informationPhys 122 Lecture 3 G. Rybka
Phys 122 Lecture 3 G. Rybka A few more Demos Electric Field Lines Example Calculations: Discrete: Electric Dipole Overview Continuous: Infinite Line of Charge Next week Labs and Tutorials begin Electric
More informationElectrodynamics Exam Solutions
Electrodynamics Exam Solutions Name: FS 215 Prof. C. Anastasiou Student number: Exercise 1 2 3 4 Total Max. points 15 15 15 15 6 Points Visum 1 Visum 2 The exam lasts 18 minutes. Start every new exercise
More informationMath221: HW# 7 solutions
Math22: HW# 7 solutions Andy Royston November 7, 25.3.3 let x = e u. Then ln x = u, x2 = e 2u, and dx = e 2u du. Furthermore, when x =, u, and when x =, u =. Hence x 2 ln x) 3 dx = e 2u u 3 e u du) = e
More informationFinal Examination Solutions
Math. 42 Fulling) 4 December 25 Final Examination Solutions Calculators may be used for simple arithmetic operations only! Laplacian operator in polar coordinates: Some possibly useful information 2 u
More informationEquations of linear stellar oscillations
Chapter 4 Equations of linear stellar oscillations In the present chapter the equations governing small oscillations around a spherical equilibrium state are derived. The general equations were presented
More informationwhich implies that we can take solutions which are simultaneous eigen functions of
Module 1 : Quantum Mechanics Chapter 6 : Quantum mechanics in 3-D Quantum mechanics in 3-D For most physical systems, the dynamics is in 3-D. The solutions to the general 3-d problem are quite complicated,
More informationFunction Space and Convergence Types
Function Space and Convergence Types PHYS 500 - Southern Illinois University November 1, 2016 PHYS 500 - Southern Illinois University Function Space and Convergence Types November 1, 2016 1 / 7 Recall
More information2.5 Stokes flow past a sphere
Lecture Notes on Fluid Dynamics.63J/.J) by Chiang C. Mei, MIT 007 Spring -5Stokes.tex.5 Stokes flow past a sphere Refs] Lamb: Hydrodynamics Acheson : Elementary Fluid Dynamics, p. 3 ff One of the fundamental
More informationContents. MATH 32B-2 (18W) (L) G. Liu / (TA) A. Zhou Calculus of Several Variables. 1 Multiple Integrals 3. 2 Vector Fields 9
MATH 32B-2 (8W) (L) G. Liu / (TA) A. Zhou Calculus of Several Variables Contents Multiple Integrals 3 2 Vector Fields 9 3 Line and Surface Integrals 5 4 The Classical Integral Theorems 9 MATH 32B-2 (8W)
More information18 Green s function for the Poisson equation
8 Green s function for the Poisson equation Now we have some experience working with Green s functions in dimension, therefore, we are ready to see how Green s functions can be obtained in dimensions 2
More informationSolution Set of Homework # 2. Friday, September 09, 2017
Temple University Department of Physics Quantum Mechanics II Physics 57 Fall Semester 17 Z. Meziani Quantum Mechanics Textboo Volume II Solution Set of Homewor # Friday, September 9, 17 Problem # 1 In
More informationPDEs in Spherical and Circular Coordinates
Introduction to Partial Differential Equations part of EM, Scalar and Vector Fields module (PHY2064) This lecture Laplacian in spherical & circular polar coordinates Laplace s PDE in electrostatics Schrödinger
More informationElectrodynamics PHY712. Lecture 4 Electrostatic potentials and fields. Reference: Chap. 1 & 2 in J. D. Jackson s textbook.
Electrodynamics PHY712 Lecture 4 Electrostatic potentials and fields Reference: Chap. 1 & 2 in J. D. Jackson s textbook. 1. Complete proof of Green s Theorem 2. Proof of mean value theorem for electrostatic
More informationOn an Eigenvalue Problem Involving Legendre Functions by Nicholas J. Rose North Carolina State University
On an Eigenvalue Problem Involving Legendre Functions by Nicholas J. Rose North Carolina State University njrose@math.ncsu.edu 1. INTRODUCTION. The classical eigenvalue problem for the Legendre Polynomials
More informationarxiv: v1 [physics.soc-ph] 17 Mar 2015
Hyperbolic Graph Generator Rodrigo Aldecoa a,, Chiara Orsini b, Dmitri Krioukov a,c arxiv:53.58v [physics.soc-ph] 7 Mar 25 a Northeastern University, Department of Physics, Boston, MA, USA b Center for
More informationLecturer: Bengt E W Nilsson
9 3 19 Lecturer: Bengt E W Nilsson Last time: Relativistic physics in any dimension. Light-cone coordinates, light-cone stuff. Extra dimensions compact extra dimensions (here we talked about fundamental
More informationNotes on Special Functions
Spring 25 1 Notes on Special Functions Francis J. Narcowich Department of Mathematics Texas A&M University College Station, TX 77843-3368 Introduction These notes are for our classes on special functions.
More informationSpherical Harmonics on S 2
7 August 00 1 Spherical Harmonics on 1 The Laplace-Beltrami Operator In what follows, we describe points on using the parametrization x = cos ϕ sin θ, y = sin ϕ sin θ, z = cos θ, where θ is the colatitude
More informationThe Central Force Problem: Hydrogen Atom
The Central Force Problem: Hydrogen Atom B. Ramachandran Separation of Variables The Schrödinger equation for an atomic system with Z protons in the nucleus and one electron outside is h µ Ze ψ = Eψ, r
More informationSummary: Curvilinear Coordinates
Physics 2460 Electricity and Magnetism I, Fall 2007, Lecture 10 1 Summary: Curvilinear Coordinates 1. Summary of Integral Theorems 2. Generalized Coordinates 3. Cartesian Coordinates: Surfaces of Constant
More informationBoundary-Value Problems: Part II
Chapter 3 Boundary-Value Problems: Part II Problem Set #3: 3., 3.3, 3.7 Due Monday March. th 3. Spherical Coordinates Spherical coordinates are used when boundary conditions have spherical symmetry. The
More informationThe Hydrogen atom. Chapter The Schrödinger Equation. 2.2 Angular momentum
Chapter 2 The Hydrogen atom In the previous chapter we gave a quick overview of the Bohr model, which is only really valid in the semiclassical limit. cf. section 1.7.) We now begin our task in earnest
More information21 Laplace s Equation and Harmonic Functions
2 Laplace s Equation and Harmonic Functions 2. Introductory Remarks on the Laplacian operator Given a domain Ω R d, then 2 u = div(grad u) = in Ω () is Laplace s equation defined in Ω. If d = 2, in cartesian
More informationLEGENDRE POLYNOMIALS AND APPLICATIONS. We construct Legendre polynomials and apply them to solve Dirichlet problems in spherical coordinates.
LEGENDRE POLYNOMIALS AND APPLICATIONS We construct Legendre polynomials and apply them to solve Dirichlet problems in spherical coordinates.. Legendre equation: series solutions The Legendre equation is
More informationTotal Angular Momentum for Hydrogen
Physics 4 Lecture 7 Total Angular Momentum for Hydrogen Lecture 7 Physics 4 Quantum Mechanics I Friday, April th, 008 We have the Hydrogen Hamiltonian for central potential φ(r), we can write: H r = p
More informationVANDERBILT UNIVERSITY. MATH 3120 INTRO DO PDES The Schrödinger equation
VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MATH 31 INTRO DO PDES The Schrödinger equation 1. Introduction Our goal is to investigate solutions to the Schrödinger equation, i Ψ t = Ψ + V Ψ, 1.1 µ where i is the imaginary number
More informationLecture 13: Electromagnetic Theory Professor D. K. Ghosh, Physics Department, I.I.T., Bombay. Poisson s and Laplace s Equations
Poisson s and Laplace s Equations Lecture 13: Electromagnetic Theory Professor D. K. Ghosh, Physics Department, I.I.T., Bombay We will spend some time in looking at the mathematical foundations of electrostatics.
More informationPhysics 4617/5617: Quantum Physics Course Lecture Notes
Physics 467/567: Quantum Physics Course Lecture Notes Dr. Donald G. Luttermoser East Tennessee State University Edition 5. Abstract These class notes are designed for use of the instructor and students
More informationFun With Carbon Monoxide. p. 1/2
Fun With Carbon Monoxide p. 1/2 p. 1/2 Fun With Carbon Monoxide E = 0.25 ± 0.05 ev Electron beam results p. 1/2 Fun With Carbon Monoxide E = 0.25 ± 0.05 ev Electron beam results C V (J/K-mole) 35 30 25
More information(b) For the system in question, the electric field E, the displacement D, and the polarization P = D ɛ 0 E are as follows. r2 0 inside the sphere,
PHY 35 K. Solutions for the second midterm exam. Problem 1: a The boundary conditions at the oil-air interface are air side E oil side = E and D air side oil side = D = E air side oil side = ɛ = 1+χ E.
More informationSingle Electron Atoms
Single Electron Atoms In this section we study the spectrum and wave functions of single electron atoms. These are hydrogen, singly ionized He, doubly ionized Li, etc. We will write the formulae for hydrogen
More informationMA2501 Numerical Methods Spring 2015
Norwegian University of Science and Technology Department of Mathematics MA5 Numerical Methods Spring 5 Solutions to exercise set 9 Find approximate values of the following integrals using the adaptive
More information4/21/2010. Schrödinger Equation For Hydrogen Atom. Spherical Coordinates CHAPTER 8
CHAPTER 8 Hydrogen Atom 8.1 Spherical Coordinates 8.2 Schrödinger's Equation in Spherical Coordinate 8.3 Separation of Variables 8.4 Three Quantum Numbers 8.5 Hydrogen Atom Wave Function 8.6 Electron Spin
More information1. (3) Write Gauss Law in differential form. Explain the physical meaning.
Electrodynamics I Midterm Exam - Part A - Closed Book KSU 204/0/23 Name Instructions: Use SI units. Where appropriate, define all variables or symbols you use, in words. Try to tell about the physics involved,
More informationThis ODE arises in many physical systems that we shall investigate. + ( + 1)u = 0. (λ + s)x λ + s + ( + 1) a λ. (s + 1)(s + 2) a 0
Legendre equation This ODE arises in many physical systems that we shall investigate We choose We then have Substitution gives ( x 2 ) d 2 u du 2x 2 dx dx + ( + )u u x s a λ x λ a du dx λ a λ (λ + s)x
More informationDefinition 1. A set V is a vector space over the scalar field F {R, C} iff. there are two operations defined on V, called vector addition
6 Vector Spaces with Inned Product Basis and Dimension Section Objective(s): Vector Spaces and Subspaces Linear (In)dependence Basis and Dimension Inner Product 6 Vector Spaces and Subspaces Definition
More information20 The Hydrogen Atom. Ze2 r R (20.1) H( r, R) = h2 2m 2 r h2 2M 2 R
20 The Hydrogen Atom 1. We want to solve the time independent Schrödinger Equation for the hydrogen atom. 2. There are two particles in the system, an electron and a nucleus, and so we can write the Hamiltonian
More informationSpherical Coordinates
Spherical Coordinates Bo E. Sernelius 4:6 SPHERICAL COORDINATES Φ = 1 Φ + 1 Φ + 1 Φ = 0 r r r θ sin r r sinθ θ θ r sin θ ϕ ( ) = ( ) ( ) ( ) Φ r, θϕ, R r P θq ϕ 1 d 1 1 0 r R dr r dr d dp d Q dr + sinθ
More information1. Poisson-Boltzmann 1.1. Poisson equation. We consider the Laplacian. which is given in spherical coordinates by (2)
1. Poisson-Boltzmann 1.1. Poisson equation. We consider the Laplacian operator (1) 2 = 2 x + 2 2 y + 2 2 z 2 which is given in spherical coordinates by (2) 2 = 1 ( r 2 ) + 1 r 2 r r r 2 sin θ θ and in
More informationInfinite Series. MATH 211, Calculus II. J. Robert Buchanan. Spring Department of Mathematics
Infinite Series MATH 211, Calculus II J. Robert Buchanan Department of Mathematics Spring 2018 Background Consider the repeating decimal form of 2/3. 2 3 = 0.666666 = 0.6 + 0.06 + 0.006 + 0.0006 + = 6(0.1)
More informationElectromagnetism: Worked Examples. University of Oxford Second Year, Part A2
Electromagnetism: Worked Examples University of Oxford Second Year, Part A2 Caroline Terquem Department of Physics caroline.terquem@physics.ox.ac.uk Michaelmas Term 2017 2 Contents 1 Potentials 5 1.1 Potential
More informationAngular momentum & spin
Angular momentum & spin January 8, 2002 1 Angular momentum Angular momentum appears as a very important aspect of almost any quantum mechanical system, so we need to briefly review some basic properties
More informationLECTURE 10: REVIEW OF POWER SERIES. 1. Motivation
LECTURE 10: REVIEW OF POWER SERIES By definition, a power series centered at x 0 is a series of the form where a 0, a 1,... and x 0 are constants. For convenience, we shall mostly be concerned with the
More informationPhysics 342 Lecture 22. The Hydrogen Atom. Lecture 22. Physics 342 Quantum Mechanics I
Physics 342 Lecture 22 The Hydrogen Atom Lecture 22 Physics 342 Quantum Mechanics I Friday, March 28th, 2008 We now begin our discussion of the Hydrogen atom. Operationally, this is just another choice
More informationPower Series. Part 1. J. Gonzalez-Zugasti, University of Massachusetts - Lowell
Power Series Part 1 1 Power Series Suppose x is a variable and c k & a are constants. A power series about x = 0 is c k x k A power series about x = a is c k x a k a = center of the power series c k =
More informationDifferential Equations
Electricity and Magnetism I (P331) M. R. Shepherd October 14, 2008 Differential Equations The purpose of this note is to provide some supplementary background on differential equations. The problems discussed
More information1 Solutions in cylindrical coordinates: Bessel functions
1 Solutions in cylindrical coordinates: Bessel functions 1.1 Bessel functions Bessel functions arise as solutions of potential problems in cylindrical coordinates. Laplace s equation in cylindrical coordinates
More informationElectromagnetic Theory I
Electromagnetic Theory I Final Examination 18 December 2009, 12:30-2:30 pm Instructions: Answer the following 10 questions, each of which is worth 10 points. Explain your reasoning in each case. Use SI
More information3.4 Introduction to power series
3.4 Introduction to power series Definition 3.4.. A polynomial in the variable x is an expression of the form n a i x i = a 0 + a x + a 2 x 2 + + a n x n + a n x n i=0 or a n x n + a n x n + + a 2 x 2
More informationElectrodynamics PHY712. Lecture 3 Electrostatic potentials and fields. Reference: Chap. 1 in J. D. Jackson s textbook.
Electrodynamics PHY712 Lecture 3 Electrostatic potentials and fields Reference: Chap. 1 in J. D. Jackson s textbook. 1. Poisson and Laplace Equations 2. Green s Theorem 3. One-dimensional examples 1 Poisson
More informationPHYS463 Electricity& Magnetism III ( ) Solution #1
PHYS463 Electricity& Magnetism III (2003-04) lution #. Problem 3., p.5: Find the average potential over a spherical surface of radius R due to a point charge located inside (same as discussed in 3..4,
More informationBackground and Definitions...2. Legendre s Equation, Functions and Polynomials...4 Legendre s Associated Equation and Functions...
Legendre Polynomials and Functions Reading Problems Outline Background and Definitions...2 Definitions...3 Theory...4 Legendre s Equation, Functions and Polynomials...4 Legendre s Associated Equation and
More informationPHY102 Electricity Topic 3 (Lectures 4 & 5) Gauss s Law
PHY1 Electricity Topic 3 (Lectures 4 & 5) Gauss s Law In this topic, we will cover: 1) Electric Flux ) Gauss s Law, relating flux to enclosed charge 3) Electric Fields and Conductors revisited Reading
More informationSteady and unsteady diffusion
Chapter 5 Steady and unsteady diffusion In this chapter, we solve the diffusion and forced convection equations, in which it is necessary to evaluate the temperature or concentration fields when the velocity
More informationRead this cover page completely before you start.
I affirm that I have worked this exam independently, without texts, outside help, integral tables, calculator, solutions, or software. (Please sign legibly.) Read this cover page completely before you
More informationPhysible: Interactive Physics Collection MA198 Proposal Rough Draft
Physible: Interactive Physics Collection MA98 Proposal Rough Draft Brian Campbell-Deem Professor George Francis November 6 th 205 Abstract Physible conglomerates four smaller, physics-related programs
More informationSolutions to Laplace s Equation in Cylindrical Coordinates and Numerical solutions. ρ + (1/ρ) 2 V
Solutions to Laplace s Equation in Cylindrical Coordinates and Numerical solutions Lecture 8 1 Introduction Solutions to Laplace s equation can be obtained using separation of variables in Cartesian and
More informationThe Spherical Harmonics
Physics 6C Fall 202 The Spherical Harmonics. Solution to Laplace s equation in spherical coordinates In spherical coordinates, the Laplacian is given by 2 = ( r 2 ) ( + r 2 r r r 2 sin 2 sinθ ) + θ θ θ
More information2m r2 (~r )+V (~r ) (~r )=E (~r )
Review of the Hydrogen Atom The Schrodinger equation (for 1D, 2D, or 3D) can be expressed as: ~ 2 2m r2 (~r, t )+V (~r ) (~r, t )=i~ @ @t The Laplacian is the divergence of the gradient: r 2 =r r The time-independent
More information