Group Color: Subgroup Number: How Science Works. Grade 5. Module 2. Class Question: Scientist (Your Name): Teacher s Name: SciTrek Volunteer s Name:

Transcription

1 Grup Clr: Subgrup Number: Hw Science Wrks Grade 5 Mdule 2 Class Questin: Scientist (Yur Name): Teacher s Name: SciTrek Vlunteer s Name:

2 VOCABULARY Science: The study f the material wrld using human reasn. The scientific methd is the way humans reasn and apply lgic t data t help gain knwledge f the wrld. Observatin: A descriptin using yur five senses. This culd include cntents, mass, size, clr, temperature, smell, texture Opinin: Smething yu believe r feel. Nt a fact r bservatin. Inference: A guess based n past experiences. Testable Questin: A questin fr which an experiment can be designed t answer. Nn-Testable Questin: A questin fr which an experiment cannt be designed t answer the questin. Fr example, questins invlving pinins, things that cannt be measured, r wrds that are nt well defined. Experimental Set-Up: The materials, changing variable, and cntrls that are needed fr an experiment. Experiment: A test r trial t discver smething unknwn. Prcedure: A set f steps t cnduct an experiment. Cntrls: The variables that are nt changed in an experiment. Changing Variable (Independent Variable): The variable that is purpsely changed in an experiment. Results/Data (Dependent Variable): The measurements/bservatins f the experiment, which are influenced/determined by the changing variable. Predictin: What yu expect t happen based ff f previus measurements/bservatins. Scientific Practices: A series f activities that scientists participate in t bth understand the wrld arund them and t cmmunicate their results with thers. (The specific practice wrked n in this mdule is cnclusins.) Technique: A methd fr a specific task. Cnclusin: A claim supprted by data. Claim: A statement that can be tested. The explanatin f the data, the first part f a cnclusin. Data: Evidence cllected frm experiment(s) (measurements r bservatins), the secnd part f a cnclusin. Matter: Substances that ccupy space and have mass. Mixture: A material made up f tw r mre substances. (Examples: trail mix r Kl-Aid) Pure Substance: A material made up f nly ne substance. (Examples: helium r il) Physical Prperty: A prperty that can be measured r bserved withut changing the substance. Physical prperties can be used t separate mixtures r identify pure substance. (Example: clr r biling pint) Graduated Cylinder: A piece f labratry equipment used t measure the vlume f a liquid. Test Tube: A piece f labratry equipment that is a cylinder with ne end pen and the ther end runded. Graduated Cylinder Test Tube 1

3 OBSERVATIONS Experimental Set-Up: Time 0 Time 1 Time 2 Time: Picture: Observatins/ Measurements: 2

4 VARIABLES Variable Hw will changing this variable affect the smears? 3

5 Experimental Cnsideratins: 1. Yu will nly have access t the materials n the materials page. 2. The strips f paper cannt be in the liquid fr mre than 5 minutes. 3. All strips f paper must be put int the liquid at the same time. Changing Variable(s) (Independent Variable(s)) Yu will get t perfrm tw experiments. Fr yur first experiment decide which variable(s) (max three) that yu wuld like t test. Fr each changing variable that yu select, discuss with ur grup why yu think that variable will affect the smear. Changing Variable 1: Discuss with yur grup hw yu think changing variable 1 will affect the smear. Changing Variable 2 (ptinal): Discuss with yur grup hw yu think changing variable 2 will affect the smear. Changing Variable 3 (ptinal): Discuss with yur grup hw yu think changing variable 3 will affect the smear. Questin ur grup will investigate: QUESTION If we change the insert each changing variable (independent variable), what will happen t the insert what yu are measuring/bserving (dependent variable)? SciTrek Member Apprval Get a materials page frm yur SciTrek vlunteer and fill it ut befre mving nt the experimental set-up. 4

6 EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP Determine the values f yur changing variable(s) (ex: pen clr) frm the materials page and write the values (ex: blue) fr yur fur trials under each strip f paper. A B C D Changing Variable(s): 1) 2) 3) : : : Cntrls (variables yu will hld cnstant): Determine the variables that yu will hld cnstant and indicate the specific value yu will use in all yur trials. Test Tube / Original / / / / / SciTrek Member Apprval 5

7 PROCEDURE Prcedure Nte: Make sure t include all values f yur changing variable(s) in the prcedure. (Example, fr a grup that decided t change pen clr, ne step wuld be: put clred dt with Mr. Sketch pens A) red, B) blue, C) green, and D) yellw n riginal paper at 2 cm.) SciTrek Member Apprval 6

8 Underline cntrls, circle changing variables, and bx infrmatin abut data cllectin. RESULTS Table Fill ut the chart fr each f yur trials. If ne f the variables remains cnstant fr all trials, write the value in trial A and then draw a line thrugh each bx indicating that this variable is a cntrl. Variables Trial A Trial B Trial C Trial D Test Tube: Original Time: Liquid Type: Liquid Amunt: Paper Type: Pen Clr: Pen Type: Initial Dt Height: Other Variable Predictins Trial A Trial B Trial C Trial D Put a T in the trial that will give the tallest smear and an S in the trial that will give the shrtest smear. Data Trial A Trial B Trial C Trial D Smear Height: Final Observatins/ Measurements: Liquid Height: Other: The independent variable(s) is(are) the changing variable(s) and the dependent variables are smear height, liquid height, and ther. 7

9 RESULTS Graph Set-up yur graph. (Check ff the steps as yur cmplete them.) Write what yu measured (example: smear height (cm)) n the y-axis title (vertical). Determine an apprpriate scale which will allw yu t graph all f yur data pints and write the numbers n the given lines. Write yur changing variable(s) #1, #2, and #3 (example: liquid type) n the x-axis (hrizntal). Changing variable #2 and #3 will nly be filled in if yu have 2 r 3 changing variables. On yur results table, label yur measurements frm 1 t 4, with 1 being the trial with the smallest measurement and 4 being the trial with the largest measurement. Plt yur data increasing rder. Write each f the changing variable values (example: sap) fr the trial that yu labeled 1 under the first clumn. Graph yur data fr that trial and write the measurement abve the bar. Repeat the prcess fr the ther trials. 0 : Changing Variable #1 Changing Variable #2 : : Changing Variable #3 8

10 SCIENTIFIC PRACTICES Cnclusins 1. Directins: Fill in the missing definitin. Cnclusin: Claim: A statement that can be tested. The explanatin f the data, the first part f a cnclusin. Example: Cats, n average, weigh less than dgs Data: Evidence cllected frm experiment(s) (measurements r bservatins), the secnd part f a cnclusin. Example: the average weight f a dg is 14 kg and the average weight f a cat is 5 kg. 2. Directins: Circle if the statement is a CLAIM, DATA, r an OPINION. a. McDnald s served 100 custmers and Tac Bell served 75 custmers Claim Data Opinin b. blue is the best clr Claim Data Opinin c. butterflies that are larger than 15 cm are attracted t bright clrs Claim Data Opinin d. ice was bserved flating n water Claim Data Opinin e. peple buy mre pizza than hamburgers f. the average male blue whale weighs 91,000 kg, while the average female blue whale weighs 122,000 kg g. the tastier the fruit the mre bugs n the fruit Claim Data Opinin Claim Data Opinin Claim Data Opinin Circles are yur initial thughts and bxes are the crrect answer. 9

11 SCIENTIFIC PRACTICES Cnclusins 3. Directins: Draw a line cnnecting claims with the crrect data. If there is n data that supprts the claim, d nt draw a line. Claim because Data 1. Peple read mre frm electrnic devices than bks a. Sny TVs give ff 20 lumens f light and Samsung TVs give ff 10 lumens f light. 2. Sny TVs are brighter than Samsung TVs b. when blue and red paint were mixed the paint was bserved t turn purple. 3. The clr purple is made frm blue and red c. wind turbines prduce 6,000 MW f energy and slar panels prduce 5,000 MW f energy in Califrnia. 4. Wind turbines prduce less energy than slar panels in Califrnia d. the speed f light is measured t be m s. 10

12 SCIENTIFIC PRACTICES Cnclusins Variables Trial A Trial B Time: Liquid Type: Liquid Amunt: Paper Type: Pen Clr: 5 min Water 2 ml Original Black Pen Type: Mr. Sketch Crayla Initial Dt Height: Final Observatins/ Measurements: 2 cm Data Trial A Trial B Smear Height: 3 cm 2 cm Liquid Height: 5 cm 4 cm Other: Green Blue Red Yellw Blue Red 4. Directins: Step 1: Identify the fllwing statements as either CLAIM r DATA and write a C r D n the line. Step 2: Lk at the results table and circle if the statement is a crrect claim, crrect data, r incrrect. Statements are INCORRECT if the statement des nt agree with the data table r has nt been tested. Step 1: Statement Type: C r D Step 2: Based n the table, is the statement a crrect claim, crrect data, r Incrrect? a. the paper type affects the height the liquid travels up the paper b. black pen types are made up f different dye clrs c. when a black dt sits in water fr 5 min, different pen types give different smear heights Claim Claim Claim Data Data Data Incrrect Incrrect Incrrect d. the black Crayla was bserved t cntain green dye Claim Data Incrrect What data can be used t supprt claim b abve? 11

13 SCIENTIFIC PRACTICES Cnclusins Variables Trial A Trial B Time: 5 min 4 min Liquid Type: Water Sap Liquid Amunt: 2 ml Paper Type: Original Pen Clr: Black Red Pen Type: Mr. Sketch Initial Dt Height: 2 cm Data Trial A Trial B Final Observatins/ Measurements: Smear Height: Liquid Height: Other: 3 cm 1.5 cm 5 cm 3.5 cm Green Blue Red 5. Step 1: Statement Type: C r D Red Orange Step 2: Based n the table, is the statement a crrect claim, crrect data, r Incrrect? a. the strnger the pen dr the larger the smear height Claim Data Incrrect b. the black pen had a smear height f 3 cm and the red pen had a smear height f 1.5 cm Claim Data Incrrect c. black and red pens are made frm green dye Claim Data Incrrect d. the thicker the liquid the shrter the smear height Claim Data Incrrect If n claim can be made frm the data state why nt. If n claim can be made frm the results, can yu make a cnclusin? YES NO 12

14 SCIENTIFIC PRACTICES Cnclusins 6. Directins: Decide if a claim/cnclusin can be made fr each f the fllwing results tables and graph. Table A Table B Variables Trial A Trial B Time: 3 min 2 min Pen Type: Crayla Mr. Sketch Pen Clr: Paper Type: Liquid: Liquid Amunt: Black Original Water 2 ml 4 ml Data Trial A Trial B Smear Height 3 cm 4 cm Variables Trial A Trial B Time: Pen Type: Pen Clr: 5 min Mr. Sketch Blue Paper Type: Newspaper Original Liquid: Liquid Amunt: Vinegar 5 ml Data Trial A Trial B Smear Height 3.5 cm 4 cm Can this persn make a claim/cnclusin? Table C Can this persn make a claim/cnclusin? Graph D Variables Trial A Trial B Time: 5 min Pen Type: Rse Art Exp Pen Clr: Paper Type: Liquid: Liquid Amunt: Black Original Sap 2 ml Data Trial A Trial B Smear Height 3 cm 3 cm Can this persn make a claim/cnclusin? Can this persn make a claim/cnclusin? 13

15 Making a Cnclusin frm Yur Data Hw many changing variables did yu have in yur experiment? Can yu make a cnclusin frm yur data? YES NO IF NO Why? IF YES CONCLUSION We can cnclude claim because data (measurement/bservatin) SciTrek Member Apprval 14

16 Changing Variable(s) (Independent Variable(s)) Fr yur secnd experiment decide which variable(s) (max three) that yu wuld like t test. Changing Variable 1: Changing Variable 2 (ptinal): Changing Variable 3 (ptinal): QUESTION Questin ur grup will investigate: If we change the, insert each changing variable (independent variable) what will happen t the insert what yu are measuring/bserving (dependent variable)? SciTrek Member Apprval Get a materials page frm yur SciTrek vlunteer and fill it ut befre mving nt the experimental set-up. 15

17 EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP Determine the values f yur changing variable(s) (ex: pen clr) frm the materials page and write the values (ex: blue) fr yur fur trials under each strip f paper. E F G H Changing Variable(s): 1) 2) 3) : : : Cntrls (variables yu will hld cnstant): Determine the variables that yu will hld cnstant and indicate the specific value yu will use in all yur trials. Test Tube / Original / / / / / / / SciTrek Member Apprval 16

18 PROCEDURE Prcedure Nte: Make sure t include all values f yur changing variable(s) in the prcedure. (Example, fr a grup that decided t change pen clr, ne step wuld be: put clred dt with Mr. Sketch pens E) red, F) blue, G) green, and H) yellw n riginal paper at 2 cm.) SciTrek Member Apprval 17

19 SCIENTIFIC PRACTICES Cnclusins Questin: If we change what will happen t the liquid height? Variables Trial A Trial B Trail C Trial D Test Tube: Original Time: 5 min Liquid Type: Water Liquid Amunt: 2 ml Paper Type: Original Pen Clr: Black Pen Type: Mr. Sketch Initial Dt Height: 2 cm Paper Height: 5 cm 10 cm 15 cm 20 cm Data Trial A Trial B Trial C Trial D Final Observatins/ Measurements Smear Height: Liquid Height: Other: 3 cm 8 cm 9 cm 9 cm 5 cm 10 cm 11 cm 11 cm blue range red Write a cnclusin frm the results abve: blue range red blue range red blue range red We can cnclude claim because data 18

20 Underline cntrls, circle changing variables, and bx infrmatin abut data cllectin. RESULTS Table Fill ut the chart fr each f yur trials. If ne f the variables remains cnstant fr all trials, write the value in trial E and then draw a line thrugh each bx indicating that this variable is cntrl. Variables Trial E Trial F Trial G Trial H Test Tube: Original Time: Liquid Type: Liquid Amunt: Paper Type: Pen Clr: Pen Type: Initial Dt Height: Other Variable Predictins Trial E Trial F Trial G Trial H Put a T in the trial that will give the tallest smear and an S in the trial that will give the shrtest smear. Data Trial E Trial F Trial G Trial H Smear Height: Final Observatins/ Measurements: Liquid Height: Other: The independent variable(s) is(are) the changing variable(s) and the dependent variables are smear height, liquid height, and ther. 19

21 RESULTS Graph Set-up yur graph (Check ff the steps as yur cmplete them.) Write what yu measured (example: smear height (cm)) n the y-axis title (vertical). Determine an apprpriate scale which will allw yu t graph all f yur data pints and write the numbers n the given lines. Write yur changing variable(s) #1, #2, and #3 (example: liquid type) n the x-axis (hrizntal). Changing variable #2 and #3 will nly be filled in if yu have 2 r 3 changing variables. On yur results table, label yur measurements frm 1 t 4, with 1 being the trial with the smallest measurement and 4 being the trial with the largest measurement. Plt yur data increasing rder. Write each f the changing variable values (example: sap) fr the trial that yu labeled 1 under the first clumn. Graph yur data fr that trial and write the measurement abve the bar. Repeat the prcess fr the ther trials. 0 : Changing Variable #1 Changing Variable #2 : : Changing Variable #3 20

22 CONCLUSION Generate a claim abut hw yur changing variable affected yur results. (Example: the shrter the paper the shrter the smear height.) What data d yu have t supprt yur claim? (Remember t include yur measurements and/r bservatins.) We can cnclude claim because data. Can yu test the first part (claim) f the cnclusin? YES NO (If yu checked this bx g back and revise yur claim s that it can be.) The secnd part f the cnclusin is data because it cntains a. I acted like a scientist when 21

23 NOTES ON PRESENTATIONS What variables affect smears? Changing Variable: Smear Height (cm): Summary: Changing Variable: Smear Height (cm): Summary: Changing Variable: Smear Height (cm): Summary: Changing Variable: Smear Height (cm): Summary: 22

24 What variables affect smears? Changing Variable: Smear Height (cm): Summary: Changing Variable: Smear Height (cm): Summary: Changing Variable: Smear Height (cm): Summary: Changing Variable: Smear Height (cm): Summary: 23

25 TIE TO STANDARDS 1. Circle the value f the variable that the plice shuld use t prcess the evidence frm the suspects that wuld give them the tallest smear. Time: 3 min 5 min 10 min All wuld give similar height smears Liquid Type: Water Sap Syrup All wuld give similar height smears Amunt f Liquid/Line Level: All wuld give similar height smears 2. What cnclusin can yu make frm the results the plice cllected? We can cnclude that the rbber was number because data claim. 3. What did we learn abut black ink? 24

26 4. What type f physical prperty was use t separate the black ink? 5. What d we knw abut the yellw ink? 6. What d we knw abut the blue ink? 7. Fill in the fllwing wrds n the chart: physical prperties, pure substance, matter, mixture. 8. Determine hw yu wuld separate each mixture int tw parts. Mixture Type f Physical Prperty List 3 Physical Prperties f each part f the mixture Water Sand Is water a pure substance? Yes N Is sand a pure substance? Yes N 25

27 Mixture... Type f Physical Prperty List 3 Physical Prperties f each part f the mixture.. Is. a pure substance? Yes N Is a pure substance? Yes N. 9. can be used t separate mixtures and identify pure substances. 10. Write dwn physical prperties f the fur substances. Yu will use these t identify fur unknwn substances. Yu will nt have access t the labeled substances when yu are identifying the unknwn substances. Pure Substance Physical Prperties Unknwn Letter Sugar Salt Baking Sda Crn Starch 26

28 EXTRA PRACTICE Cnclusins Directins: On the results table, circle each changing variable(s), underline each cntrl and bx infrmatin abut data cllectin. Variables Trial A Trial B Time: 5 min Liquid Type: Water Sap Liquid Amunt: 2 ml Paper Type: Original Pen Clr: Red Pen Type: Mr. Sketch Data Trial A Trial B Final Observatins/ Measurements: Smear Height: 4 cm 0.5 cm Liquid Height: 6 cm 3 cm Other: Green Blue Red Pink Orange Can this grup make a claim/cnclusin? Yes N I Dn t Knw 1. the height f the smear in water was 4 cm and the height f the smear in sap was 0.5 cm Step 1: Statement Type: C r D Step 2: Based n the table, is the statement a crrect claim, crrect data, r Incrrect? Claim Data Incrrect 2. the type f liquid des nt affect the smear height Claim Data Incrrect 3. with 2 ml f liquid, the thicker liquid results in a shrter smear height Claim Data Incrrect 4. the clr f the pen affects the smear height Claim Data Incrrect 5. the liquid type affects the smear height Claim Data Incrrect What data can be used t supprt the crrect claim(s) abve? 27

29 CROSSWORD PUZZLE Directins: Fill ut the fllwing crsswrd puzzle using the clues belw. The list f wrds used fr the wrd search can be fund n the vcabulary page f yur ntebk (pg. 1). Acrss 4) Carbn Dixide (CO 2); Helium (He); Water (H 2O) 7) If yu are unable t make a frm a set f data, yu will be unable t make a cnclusin. 8) We use data frm previus experiments t cme up with a, r what we expect t happen in ur next experiment. 10) Clr and size f smear are examples f made during this experiment. 12) The values f yur can make it easier r harder fr yu t tell what was happening in yur experiment. Dwn 1) An experimental set-up must indicate the materials needed, the cntrls and the. 2) A graduated cylinder is used t measure. 3) We take advantage f this type f prperty t separate a mixture. 5) Anther wrd fr the data recrded during yur experiment. 6) There can nly be ne changing variable in rder t make ne f these. 9) Lucky Charms, Apple Pie, Air 11) Measurements r bservatins. 28

30 SciTrek is an educatinal utreach prgram that is dedicated t allwing 2 nd -8 th grade students t experience the scientific prcess first hand. SciTrek partners with lcal schls t present student-centered inquiry-based mdules that nt nly emphasize the prcess f science but als specific grade level cntent standards. Each mdule allws students t design, carryut, and present their experiments and findings. Fr mre infrmatin please feel free t visit us n the web at r cntact us by at scitrekadmin@chem.ucsb.edu. SciTrek is brught t yu by generus supprt frm the fllwing rganizatins: SOUTH COAST SCIENCE PROJECT If yu wuld like t dnate t the prgram r find ut hw yu can get yur cmpany s lg n ur ntebks please cntact scitrekadmin@chem.ucsb.edu.