Heterotic Standard Models
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- Gwendoline Washington
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1 19 August 2008 Strings CERN
2 The High Country region of the string landscape Goal: Study string vacua which reproduce the MSSM (or close cousins thereof) at low energies String landscape is huge, but High Country region may be much smaller Questions: How many such vacua? Do they have common properties (predictions)? Constraints coming from string UV completion? Crucial: Must require global consistency of the string vacuum A particular corner of the string landscape: E 8 E 8 heterotic string on R 3,1 X with gauge instanton V, where X is a smooth compact Calabi-Yau threefold
3 The High Country region of the string landscape Goal: Study string vacua which reproduce the MSSM (or close cousins thereof) at low energies String landscape is huge, but High Country region may be much smaller Questions: How many such vacua? Do they have common properties (predictions)? Constraints coming from string UV completion? Crucial: Must require global consistency of the string vacuum A particular corner of the string landscape: E 8 E 8 heterotic string on R 3,1 X with gauge instanton V, where X is a smooth compact Calabi-Yau threefold
4 The High Country region of the string landscape Goal: Study string vacua which reproduce the MSSM (or close cousins thereof) at low energies String landscape is huge, but High Country region may be much smaller Questions: How many such vacua? Do they have common properties (predictions)? Constraints coming from string UV completion? Crucial: Must require global consistency of the string vacuum A particular corner of the string landscape: E 8 E 8 heterotic string on R 3,1 X with gauge instanton V, where X is a smooth compact Calabi-Yau threefold
5 The High Country region of the string landscape Goal: Study string vacua which reproduce the MSSM (or close cousins thereof) at low energies String landscape is huge, but High Country region may be much smaller Questions: How many such vacua? Do they have common properties (predictions)? Constraints coming from string UV completion? Crucial: Must require global consistency of the string vacuum A particular corner of the string landscape: E 8 E 8 heterotic string on R 3,1 X with gauge instanton V, where X is a smooth compact Calabi-Yau threefold
6 Outline
7 References References: BD1 [Bouchard, D] An SU(5) heterotic standard model Phys. Lett. B BCD [Bouchard, Cvetič, D] Tri-linear couplings... Nuclear Phys. B BD2 [Bouchard, D] On a class of non-simply connected CY3s Comm.Numb.Theor.Phys BD3 [Bouchard, D] On heterotic model constraints hep-th DW [D, Wendland] On orbifolds and free fermion constructions hep-th 0808-xxxx Bak [Bak] Penn thesis BBDG [Bak, Bouchard, D, Gross] In Prep
8 Outline
9 SUSY heterotic vacua Data: X : smooth compact Calabi-Yau threefold V X : hol. vector bundle with structure group G E 8 Consistency constraints: V is polystable w.r.t a Kähler class [DUY: connection soln to HYM]B c 2 (X ) c 2 (V )=[M5] [anomaly cancellation with M5-branes]B Phenomenological requirements: Commutant H of G in E 8 is low-energy GUT group π 1 (X )=F to break H to MSSM gauge group with discrete Wilson line Various extra phenomenological constraints: c 1 (V )=0[G = SU(n)]B c 3 (V )=±6 [3 generations]b H 1 (V ), H 2 (V ), H 1 ( 2 V ), H 2 ( 2 V ),... [Particle spectrum]b Triple products of cohomology groups,... [Tri-linear couplings]b
10 SUSY heterotic vacua Data: X : smooth compact Calabi-Yau threefold V X : hol. vector bundle with structure group G E 8 Consistency constraints: V is polystable w.r.t a Kähler class [DUY: connection soln to HYM]B c 2 (X ) c 2 (V )=[M5] [anomaly cancellation with M5-branes]B Phenomenological requirements: Commutant H of G in E 8 is low-energy GUT group π 1 (X )=F to break H to MSSM gauge group with discrete Wilson line Various extra phenomenological constraints: c 1 (V )=0[G = SU(n)]B c 3 (V )=±6 [3 generations]b H 1 (V ), H 2 (V ), H 1 ( 2 V ), H 2 ( 2 V ),... [Particle spectrum]b Triple products of cohomology groups,... [Tri-linear couplings]b
11 SUSY heterotic vacua Data: X : smooth compact Calabi-Yau threefold V X : hol. vector bundle with structure group G E 8 Consistency constraints: V is polystable w.r.t a Kähler class [DUY: connection soln to HYM]B c 2 (X ) c 2 (V )=[M5] [anomaly cancellation with M5-branes]B Phenomenological requirements: Commutant H of G in E 8 is low-energy GUT group π 1 (X )=F to break H to MSSM gauge group with discrete Wilson line Various extra phenomenological constraints: c 1 (V )=0[G = SU(n)]B c 3 (V )=±6 [3 generations]b H 1 (V ), H 2 (V ), H 1 ( 2 V ), H 2 ( 2 V ),... [Particle spectrum]b Triple products of cohomology groups,... [Tri-linear couplings]b
12 Summary and examples Heterotic vacuum: 1 Non-simply connected Calabi-Yau threefold X 2 Polystable bundle V X satisfying a lot of constraints Examples: π 1 (X )=Z 2, G = SU(5) SU(5) GUT SU(5) Z 2 SU(3) SU(2) U(1) π 1 (X )=Z 6 or (Z 3 ) 2, G = SU(4) SO(10) GUT SO(10) Z 6 or (Z 3 ) 2 SU(3) SU(2) U(1) U(1)
13 Summary and examples Heterotic vacuum: 1 Non-simply connected Calabi-Yau threefold X 2 Polystable bundle V X satisfying a lot of constraints Examples: π 1 (X )=Z 2, G = SU(5) SU(5) GUT SU(5) Z 2 SU(3) SU(2) U(1) π 1 (X )=Z 6 or (Z 3 ) 2, G = SU(4) SO(10) GUT SO(10) Z 6 or (Z 3 ) 2 SU(3) SU(2) U(1) U(1)
14 Outline
15 1st step: Constructing non-simply connected CY 3-folds X Consider a smooth simply connected Calabi-Yau threefold X admitting a group F of automorphisms acting freely on X X = X /F is a smooth Calabi-Yau threefold with π 1 (X )=F X is a smooth fiber product of two rational elliptic surfaces [Schoen]B We classified all possible finite groups F acting freely on X [BD2]B X is the small resolution of a particular complete intersection of four quadrics in P 7 [Gross]B free (Z 8 ) 2 action [Gross]B 2 non-abelian groups of order 64 act freely [Borisov-Hua]B Hypersurfaces/complete intersections in toric threefolds,...
16 1st step: Constructing non-simply connected CY 3-folds X Consider a smooth simply connected Calabi-Yau threefold X admitting a group F of automorphisms acting freely on X X = X /F is a smooth Calabi-Yau threefold with π 1 (X )=F X is a smooth fiber product of two rational elliptic surfaces [Schoen]B We classified all possible finite groups F acting freely on X [BD2]B X is the small resolution of a particular complete intersection of four quadrics in P 7 [Gross]B free (Z 8 ) 2 action [Gross]B 2 non-abelian groups of order 64 act freely [Borisov-Hua]B Hypersurfaces/complete intersections in toric threefolds,...
17 1st step: Constructing non-simply connected CY 3-folds X Consider a smooth simply connected Calabi-Yau threefold X admitting a group F of automorphisms acting freely on X X = X /F is a smooth Calabi-Yau threefold with π 1 (X )=F X is a smooth fiber product of two rational elliptic surfaces [Schoen]B We classified all possible finite groups F acting freely on X [BD2]B X is the small resolution of a particular complete intersection of four quadrics in P 7 [Gross]B free (Z 8 ) 2 action [Gross]B 2 non-abelian groups of order 64 act freely [Borisov-Hua]B Hypersurfaces/complete intersections in toric threefolds,...
18 1st step: Constructing non-simply connected CY 3-folds X Consider a smooth simply connected Calabi-Yau threefold X admitting a group F of automorphisms acting freely on X X = X /F is a smooth Calabi-Yau threefold with π 1 (X )=F X is a smooth fiber product of two rational elliptic surfaces [Schoen]B We classified all possible finite groups F acting freely on X [BD2]B X is the small resolution of a particular complete intersection of four quadrics in P 7 [Gross]B free (Z 8 ) 2 action [Gross]B 2 non-abelian groups of order 64 act freely [Borisov-Hua]B Hypersurfaces/complete intersections in toric threefolds,...
19 1st step: Constructing non-simply connected CY 3-folds X Consider a smooth simply connected Calabi-Yau threefold X admitting a group F of automorphisms acting freely on X X = X /F is a smooth Calabi-Yau threefold with π 1 (X )=F X is a smooth fiber product of two rational elliptic surfaces [Schoen]B We classified all possible finite groups F acting freely on X [BD2]B X is the small resolution of a particular complete intersection of four quadrics in P 7 [Gross]B free (Z 8 ) 2 action [Gross]B 2 non-abelian groups of order 64 act freely [Borisov-Hua]B Hypersurfaces/complete intersections in toric threefolds,...
20 Free quotients of Schoen s threefolds Let B and B be RES, and X = B P 1 B a smooth fiber product: B π β X P 1 π β B Idea: Consider special B and B s.t. X admits a free group of automorphisms F X.
21 Free quotients of Schoen s threefolds Let B and B be RES, and X = B P 1 B a smooth fiber product: B π β X P 1 π β B Idea: Consider special B and B s.t. X admits a free group of automorphisms F X.
22 Free quotients of Schoen s threefolds Automorphisms τ X : X X have the form τ X = τ B P 1 τ B Classification of ( X, F X ) reduces to classification of (B, F B), for suitable groups of automorphisms F B We produced such a classification, and we obtained a large class of X with F X one of the following: [BD2]B (Z 3 ) 2, Z 4 Z 2, Z 6, Z 5, Z 4, (Z 2 ) 2, Z 3, Z 2
23 2nd step: Constructing stable vector bundles V X Fourier-Mukai transform [FMW, D]B Use dual Fourier-Mukai data to construct the bundle Needs X to be fibered (usually torus-fibered, but can be generalized) Pros: Easy to prove stability from FM data [FMW]B Cons: If start with Ṽ X, invariance under F X hard to prove Serre construction by extension 0 V 1 V V 2 0 Pros: If start with Ṽ X, invariance easy to prove Cons: Stability is hard to prove To satisfy phenomenological constraints, may need combination of both methods [DOPW]B Other methods: monads [AHL]B, Hecke transforms,...
24 2nd step: Constructing stable vector bundles V X Fourier-Mukai transform [FMW, D]B Use dual Fourier-Mukai data to construct the bundle Needs X to be fibered (usually torus-fibered, but can be generalized) Pros: Easy to prove stability from FM data [FMW]B Cons: If start with Ṽ X, invariance under F X hard to prove Serre construction by extension 0 V 1 V V 2 0 Pros: If start with Ṽ X, invariance easy to prove Cons: Stability is hard to prove To satisfy phenomenological constraints, may need combination of both methods [DOPW]B Other methods: monads [AHL]B, Hecke transforms,...
25 2nd step: Constructing stable vector bundles V X Fourier-Mukai transform [FMW, D]B Use dual Fourier-Mukai data to construct the bundle Needs X to be fibered (usually torus-fibered, but can be generalized) Pros: Easy to prove stability from FM data [FMW]B Cons: If start with Ṽ X, invariance under F X hard to prove Serre construction by extension 0 V 1 V V 2 0 Pros: If start with Ṽ X, invariance easy to prove Cons: Stability is hard to prove To satisfy phenomenological constraints, may need combination of both methods [DOPW]B Other methods: monads [AHL]B, Hecke transforms,...
26 2nd step: Constructing stable vector bundles V X Fourier-Mukai transform [FMW, D]B Use dual Fourier-Mukai data to construct the bundle Needs X to be fibered (usually torus-fibered, but can be generalized) Pros: Easy to prove stability from FM data [FMW]B Cons: If start with Ṽ X, invariance under F X hard to prove Serre construction by extension 0 V 1 V V 2 0 Pros: If start with Ṽ X, invariance easy to prove Cons: Stability is hard to prove To satisfy phenomenological constraints, may need combination of both methods [DOPW]B Other methods: monads [AHL]B, Hecke transforms,...
27 Best (and only) model so far [BD1, BCD]B The manifold: X = B P 1 B, with special B and B such that F X Z 2 acts freely on X The bundle: SU(5), Z 2 -invariant, stable bundle Ṽ X constructed by 0 V 3 Ṽ V 2 0, where V 3 and V 2 are rank 3 and 2 bundles on X constructed using Fourier-Mukai transform Anomaly is cancelled, either with M5-branes, or without M5-branes but with a non-trivial hidden bundle
28 Best (and only) model so far [BD1, BCD]B The manifold: X = B P 1 B, with special B and B such that F X Z 2 acts freely on X The bundle: SU(5), Z 2 -invariant, stable bundle Ṽ X constructed by 0 V 3 Ṽ V 2 0, where V 3 and V 2 are rank 3 and 2 bundles on X constructed using Fourier-Mukai transform Anomaly is cancelled, either with M5-branes, or without M5-branes but with a non-trivial hidden bundle
29 Best (and only) model so far [BD1, BCD]B The manifold: X = B P 1 B, with special B and B such that F X Z 2 acts freely on X The bundle: SU(5), Z 2 -invariant, stable bundle Ṽ X constructed by 0 V 3 Ṽ V 2 0, where V 3 and V 2 are rank 3 and 2 bundles on X constructed using Fourier-Mukai transform Anomaly is cancelled, either with M5-branes, or without M5-branes but with a non-trivial hidden bundle
30 Phenomenology of this model MSSM gauge group SU(3) SU(2) U(1) with no extra U(1) s Precisely the MSSM massless spectrum with no exotic particles, up to moduli fields Semi-realistic tri-linear couplings at tree level R-parity is conserved at tree level (proton is stable) Higgs µ-terms and (possible) neutrino mass terms To be addressed SUSY breaking? (hidden sector) Moduli stabilization? Higher order corrections? More phenomenology needed
31 Phenomenology of this model MSSM gauge group SU(3) SU(2) U(1) with no extra U(1) s Precisely the MSSM massless spectrum with no exotic particles, up to moduli fields Semi-realistic tri-linear couplings at tree level R-parity is conserved at tree level (proton is stable) Higgs µ-terms and (possible) neutrino mass terms To be addressed SUSY breaking? (hidden sector) Moduli stabilization? Higher order corrections? More phenomenology needed
32 Outline
33 Other models Buchmuller, Hamaguchi, Lebedev, Ratz (and many others) Z/6-orbifolds Braun, He, Ovrut, Pantev π 1 (X )=Z/3 Z/3, V unstable Faraggi, NAHE: Free Fermionic models (Z/2) n orbifolds non-geometric D, Faraggi: not within a particular class of geometric orbifolds DW: not a geometric orbifold
34 Other models Buchmuller, Hamaguchi, Lebedev, Ratz (and many others) Z/6-orbifolds Braun, He, Ovrut, Pantev π 1 (X )=Z/3 Z/3, V unstable Faraggi, NAHE: Free Fermionic models (Z/2) n orbifolds non-geometric D, Faraggi: not within a particular class of geometric orbifolds DW: not a geometric orbifold
35 Other models Buchmuller, Hamaguchi, Lebedev, Ratz (and many others) Z/6-orbifolds Braun, He, Ovrut, Pantev π 1 (X )=Z/3 Z/3, V unstable Faraggi, NAHE: Free Fermionic models (Z/2) n orbifolds non-geometric D, Faraggi: not within a particular class of geometric orbifolds DW: not a geometric orbifold
36 Other models Buchmuller, Hamaguchi, Lebedev, Ratz (and many others) Z/6-orbifolds Braun, He, Ovrut, Pantev π 1 (X )=Z/3 Z/3, V unstable Faraggi, NAHE: Free Fermionic models (Z/2) n orbifolds non-geometric D, Faraggi: not within a particular class of geometric orbifolds DW: not a geometric orbifold
37 Other models Buchmuller, Hamaguchi, Lebedev, Ratz (and many others) Z/6-orbifolds Braun, He, Ovrut, Pantev π 1 (X )=Z/3 Z/3, V unstable Faraggi, NAHE: Free Fermionic models (Z/2) n orbifolds non-geometric D, Faraggi: not within a particular class of geometric orbifolds DW: not a geometric orbifold
38 Constructing other realistic models Using methods similar to [BD1], we tried to construct realistic bundles on fiber product X with F X Z 6 No realistic bundle [BD3]B Main insight: strong tension between inequalities coming from anomaly cancellation and stability Work in progress: physical bundles on Gross threefold with π 1 (X )=(Z 8 ) 2 [BBDG]B We constructed bundles phenomenologically viable at the topological level (up to a few subtleties that remain to be checked), using Fourier-Mukai transform on Abelian surface fibrations, and Hecke transforms Next step: cohomology computation
39 Constructing other realistic models Using methods similar to [BD1], we tried to construct realistic bundles on fiber product X with F X Z 6 No realistic bundle [BD3]B Main insight: strong tension between inequalities coming from anomaly cancellation and stability Work in progress: physical bundles on Gross threefold with π 1 (X )=(Z 8 ) 2 [BBDG]B We constructed bundles phenomenologically viable at the topological level (up to a few subtleties that remain to be checked), using Fourier-Mukai transform on Abelian surface fibrations, and Hecke transforms Next step: cohomology computation
40 Relaxing the constraints (... ) Recall: strong tension between anomaly cancellation and stability In principle, one can forget about anomaly cancellation non-susy vacua with M5- and anti-m5-branes [B,BBO]B SUSY broken at the compactification scale :-( We get infinite families of such non-susy vacua with exactly the phenomenological properties above [BD3]B Also get infinite families of models on X with π 1 ( X )=Z 6 One such model on X with π 1 ( X )=(Z 3 ) 2 [BHOP]B, perhaps more Such infinite familes considered by Acharya-DouglasB in landscape study phenomenological cutoff on scale of SUSY breaking
41 Relaxing the constraints (... ) Recall: strong tension between anomaly cancellation and stability In principle, one can forget about anomaly cancellation non-susy vacua with M5- and anti-m5-branes [B,BBO]B SUSY broken at the compactification scale :-( We get infinite families of such non-susy vacua with exactly the phenomenological properties above [BD3]B Also get infinite families of models on X with π 1 ( X )=Z 6 One such model on X with π 1 ( X )=(Z 3 ) 2 [BHOP]B, perhaps more Such infinite familes considered by Acharya-DouglasB in landscape study phenomenological cutoff on scale of SUSY breaking
42 Relaxing the constraints (... ) Recall: strong tension between anomaly cancellation and stability In principle, one can forget about anomaly cancellation non-susy vacua with M5- and anti-m5-branes [B,BBO]B SUSY broken at the compactification scale :-( We get infinite families of such non-susy vacua with exactly the phenomenological properties above [BD3]B Also get infinite families of models on X with π 1 ( X )=Z 6 One such model on X with π 1 ( X )=(Z 3 ) 2 [BHOP]B, perhaps more Such infinite familes considered by Acharya-DouglasB in landscape study phenomenological cutoff on scale of SUSY breaking
43 Outline
44 of orbifolds T 6 /G T 6 = E 1 E 2 E 3 0 G S G GT 0 0 where G S is shifts and GT 0 twists. GT 0 = Z/2 Z/2 acts (x, y, z) (±x, ±y, ±z) with even number of sign changes After some reduction: G T G, G T G 0 T Four inequivalent types of G T. Use reduction procedure to classify. For each model we calculate: Hodge Numbers (via orbifold cohomology) Fundamental groups (Wilson lines) Some geometry Effect of discrete torsion, no new Hodge numbers, except mirror-symmetry like interchange H 1,1 H 2,1. (Compare: Mirage torsion: Ploger, Ramos-Sanchez, Ratz, Vaudrevange.)
45 of orbifolds T 6 /G T 6 = E 1 E 2 E 3 0 G S G GT 0 0 where G S is shifts and GT 0 twists. GT 0 = Z/2 Z/2 acts (x, y, z) (±x, ±y, ±z) with even number of sign changes After some reduction: G T G, G T G 0 T Four inequivalent types of G T. Use reduction procedure to classify. For each model we calculate: Hodge Numbers (via orbifold cohomology) Fundamental groups (Wilson lines) Some geometry Effect of discrete torsion, no new Hodge numbers, except mirror-symmetry like interchange H 1,1 H 2,1. (Compare: Mirage torsion: Ploger, Ramos-Sanchez, Ratz, Vaudrevange.)
46 of orbifolds T 6 /G T 6 = E 1 E 2 E 3 0 G S G GT 0 0 where G S is shifts and GT 0 twists. GT 0 = Z/2 Z/2 acts (x, y, z) (±x, ±y, ±z) with even number of sign changes After some reduction: G T G, G T G 0 T Four inequivalent types of G T. Use reduction procedure to classify. For each model we calculate: Hodge Numbers (via orbifold cohomology) Fundamental groups (Wilson lines) Some geometry Effect of discrete torsion, no new Hodge numbers, except mirror-symmetry like interchange H 1,1 H 2,1. (Compare: Mirage torsion: Ploger, Ramos-Sanchez, Ratz, Vaudrevange.)
47 of orbifolds T 6 /G T 6 = E 1 E 2 E 3 0 G S G GT 0 0 where G S is shifts and GT 0 twists. GT 0 = Z/2 Z/2 acts (x, y, z) (±x, ±y, ±z) with even number of sign changes After some reduction: G T G, G T G 0 T Four inequivalent types of G T. Use reduction procedure to classify. For each model we calculate: Hodge Numbers (via orbifold cohomology) Fundamental groups (Wilson lines) Some geometry Effect of discrete torsion, no new Hodge numbers, except mirror-symmetry like interchange H 1,1 H 2,1. (Compare: Mirage torsion: Ploger, Ramos-Sanchez, Ratz, Vaudrevange.)
48 of orbifolds T 6 /G T 6 = E 1 E 2 E 3 0 G S G GT 0 0 where G S is shifts and GT 0 twists. GT 0 = Z/2 Z/2 acts (x, y, z) (±x, ±y, ±z) with even number of sign changes After some reduction: G T G, G T G 0 T Four inequivalent types of G T. Use reduction procedure to classify. For each model we calculate: Hodge Numbers (via orbifold cohomology) Fundamental groups (Wilson lines) Some geometry Effect of discrete torsion, no new Hodge numbers, except mirror-symmetry like interchange H 1,1 H 2,1. (Compare: Mirage torsion: Ploger, Ramos-Sanchez, Ratz, Vaudrevange.)
49 We list the automorphism groups by rank. For each group G we list its twist group G T, its shift part G S (if non-empty), the Hodge numbers h 1,1, h 2,1 of a small resolution of X /G, the fundamental group π 1 (X /G), and the list of contributing sectors and their contribution. For the fundamental groups we use the abbreviations: A : the extension of Z 2 by Z 2 (so H 1 (X )=(Z 2 ) 3 ) B : any extension of (Z 2 ) 2 by Z 6 (with various possible H 1 (X )) C : Z 2 D : (Z 2 ) 2 A shift element is denoted by a triple ( 1, 2, 3 ), where i E i is a point of order 2, abbreviated as one of 0, 1, τ, τ1 := 1 + τ. A twist element is denoted by a triple ( 1 δ 1, 2 δ 2, 3 δ 3 ), where i E i is as above and δ i {±} indicates the pure twist part. A two-entry contribution (a, b) adds a units to h 1,1 and b units to h 2,1. When b = 0 we abbreviate (a, b) to the single entry contribution a.
50 G T (h 1,1, h 2,1 ) π 1 sectors contribution Rank 0: (0 1) (0+, 0, 0 ), (0, 0+, 0 ) (51, 3) 0 0+, 0, , 0+, , 0, (0 2) (0+, 0, 0 ), (0, 0+, 1 ) (19, 19) 0 0+, 0, 0 8, 8 0, 0+, 1 8, 8 (0 3) (0+, 0, 0 ), (0, 1+, 1 ) (11, 11) A 0+, 0, 0 8, 8 (0 4) (1+, 0, 0 ), (0, 1+, 1 ) (3, 3) B Note: These are the four types of groups G T.
51 G T G S (h 1,1, h 2,1 ) π 1 sectors contribution Rank 1: (1 1) (0+, 0, 0 ), (0, 0+, 0 ) (τ, τ, τ) (27, 3) C 0+, 0, 0 8 0, 0+, 0 8 0, 0, 0+ 8 (1 2) (0+, 0, 0 ), (0, 0+, τ ) (τ, τ, τ) (15, 15) 0 0+, 0, 0 4, 4 0, 0+, τ 4, 4 τ, τ, 0+ 4, 4 (1 3) (0+, 0, 0 ), (0, 0+, 1 ) (τ, τ, τ) (11, 11) C 0+, 0, 0 4, 4 0, 0+, 1 4, 4 (1 4) (0+, 0, 0 ), (0, 1+, 1 ) (τ, τ, τ) (7, 7) A 0+, 0, 0 4, 4 (1 5) (1+, 0, 0 ), (0, 1+, 1 ) (τ, τ, τ) (3, 3) B (1 6) (0+, 0, 0 ), (0, 0+, 0 ) (τ, τ, 0) (31, 7) 0 0+, 0, 0 8 0, 0+, 0 8 0, 0, 0+ 8 τ, τ, 0+ 4, 4 (1 7) (0+, 0, 0 ), (0, 0+, 1 ) (τ, τ, 0) (11, 11) C 0+, 0, 0 4, 4 0, 0+, 1 4, 4 (1 8) (0+, 0, 0 ), (0, 1+, 0 ) (τ, τ, 0) (15, 15) 0 0+, 0, 0 4, 4 0, 1, 0+ 4, 4 τ, τ1, 0+ 4, 4 (1 9) (0+, 0, 0 ), (0, 1+, 1 ) (τ, τ, 0) (7, 7) A 0+, 0, 0 4, 4 (1 10) (1+, 0, 0 ), (0, 1+, 0 ) (τ, τ, 0) (11, 11) A 1, 1, 0+ 4, 4 τ1, τ1, 0+ 4, 4 (1 11) (1+, 0, 0 ), (0, 1+, 1 ) (τ, τ, 0) (3, 3) B
52 G T G S (h 1,1, h 2,1 ) π 1 sectors contribution Rank 2: (2 1) (0+, 0, 0 ), (0, 0+, 0 ) (1, 1, 1), (τ, τ, τ) (15, 3) D 0+, 0, 0 4 0, 0+, 0 4 0, 0, 0+ 4 (2 2) (0+, 0, 0 ), (0, 0+, 1 ) (1, 1, 1), (τ, τ, τ) (9, 9) C 0+, 0, 0 2, 2 0, 0+, 1 2, 2 1, 1, 0+ 2, 2 (2 3) (0+, 0, 0 ), (0, 0+, 0 ) (1, 1, 1), (τ, τ, 0) (17, 5) C 0+, 0, 0 4 0, 0+, 0 4 0, 0, 0+ 4 τ, τ, 0+ 2, 2
53 (2 4) (0+, 0, 0 ), (0, 0+, 1 ) (1, 1, 1), (τ, τ, 0) (11, 11) 0 0+, 0, 0 2, 2 0, 0+, 1 2, 2 1, 1, 0+ 2, 2 τ1, τ1, 0+ 2, 2 (2 5) (0+, 0, 0 ), (0, 0+, τ ) (1, 1, 1), (τ, τ, 0) (7, 7) D 0+, 0, 0 2, 2 0, 0+, τ 2, 2 (2 6) (0+, 0, 0 ), (0, 0+, 0 ) (1, 1, 1), (τ, 1, 0) (19, 7) 0 0+, 0, 0 4 0, 0+, 0 4 0, 0, 0+ 4 τ1, 0+, 1 2, 2 τ, 1, 0+ 2, 2 (2 7) (0+, 0, 0 ), (0, 0+, τ ) (1, 1, 1), (τ, 1, 0) (9, 9) C 0+, 0, 0 2, 2 0, 0+, τ 2, 2 τ1, 0+, τ1 2, 2 (2 8) (0+, 0, 0 ), (0, τ+, τ ) (1, 1, 1), (τ, 1, 0) (5, 5) A 0+, 0, 0 2, 2 (2 9) (0+, 0, 0 ), (0, 0+, 0 ) (0, 1, 1), (1, 0, 1) (27, 3) 0 0+, 0, 0 4 0, 0+, 0 4 0, 0, , 1, 1 4 1, 0+, 1 4 1, 1, 0+ 4 &G T G S (h 1,1, h 2,1 ) π 1 sectors contribution (2 10) (0+, 0, 0 ), (0, 0+, τ ) (0, 1, 1), (1, 0, 1) (11, 11) 0 0+, 0, 0 2, 2 0+, 1, 1 2, 2 0, 0+, τ 2, 2 1, 0+, τ1 2, 2
54 (2 11) (0+, 0, 0 ), (0, τ+, τ ) (0, 1, 1), (1, 0, 1) (7, 7) A 0+, 0, 0 2, 2 0+, 1, 1 2, 2 (2 12) (τ+, 0, 0 ), (0, τ+, τ ) (0, 1, 1), (1, 0, 1) (3, 3) B (2 13) (0+, 0, 0 ), (0, 0+, 0 ) (1, 1, 0), (τ, τ, 0) (21, 9) 0 0+, 0, 0 4 0, 0+, 0 4 0, 0, , 1, 0+ 2, 2 τ, τ, 0+ 2, 2 τ1, τ1, 0+ 2, 2 (2 14) (0+, 0, 0 ), (0, 0+, 1 ) (1, 1, 0), (τ, τ, 0) (7, 7) D 0+, 0, 0 2, 2 0, 0+, 1 2, 2 Rank 3: (3 1) (0+, 0, 0 ), (0, 0+, 0 ) (0, τ, 1), (12, 6) 0 (0, τ, 1), (τ, 1, 0) 0+, 0, 0 2 0, 0+, 0 2 0, 0, , τ, 1 1, 1 1, 0+, τ 1, 1 τ, 1, 0+ 1, 1 (3 2) (0+, 0, 0 ), (0, 0+, 1 ) (0, τ, 1), (12, 6) 0 (τ, 1, 0), (1, 0, τ) 0+, 0, 0 1, 1 0, 0+, 1 2 0, τ, , τ, 1 2 1, 0+, τ1 1, 1 τ, τ1, 0+ 1, 1
55 G T G S (h 1,1, h 2,1 ) π 1 sectors contribution (3 3) (0+, 0, 0 ), (0, 0+, 0 ) (1, 1, 0), (17, 5) 0 (τ, τ, 0), (1, τ, 1) 0+, 0, 0 2 0, 0+, 0 2 0, 0, , τ1, 1 2 τ1, 0+, 1 2 1, 1, 0+ 1, 1 τ, τ, 0+ 1, 1 τ1, τ1, 0+ 2 (3 4) (0+, 0, 0 ), (0, 0+, τ ) (1, 1, 0), (7, 7) C (τ, τ, 0), (1, τ, 1) 0+, 0, 0 1, 1 0, 0+, τ 1, 1 0+, τ1, 1 1, 1 τ1, 0+, τ1 1, 1 (3 5) (0+, 0, 0 ), (0, 0+, 0 ) (0, 1, 1), (15, 3) C (1, 0, 1), (τ, τ, τ) 0+, 0, 0 2 0, 0+, 0 2 0, 0, , 1, 1 2 1, 0+, 1 2 1, 1, 0+ 2 (3 6) (0+, 0, 0 ), (0, 0+, τ ) (0, 1, 1), (9, 9) 0 (1, 0, 1), (τ, τ, τ) 0+, 0, 0 1, 1 0, 0+, τ 1, 1 τ, τ, 0+ 1, 1 0+, 1, 1 1, 1 1, 0+, τ1 1, 1 τ1, τ1, 0+ 1, 1
56 G T G S (h 1,1, h 2,1 ) π 1 sectors contribution Rank 4: (4 1) (0+, 0, 0 ), (0, 0+, 0 ) (0, τ, 1), (τ, 1, 0), (15, 3) 0 (1, 0, τ), (1, 1, 1) 0+, 0, , τ, , 1, τ1 1 0+, τ1, τ 1 0, 0+, 0 1 1, 0+, τ 1 τ1, 0+, 1 1 τ, 0+, τ1 1 0, 0, 0+ 1 τ, 1, , τ1, 0+ 1 τ1, τ, 0+ 1
57 Important Examples (0-1): Vafa-Witten (51,3) (1-1): (27,3) π 1 = Z/2 (2-9): (27,3) π 1 =0 (2-9) is the NAHE + model=(z/2) 2 -orbifold of SO(12)-torus (1-1) is not (0-2): Schoen (19,19) (1-3): DOPW, BD1 (11,11) FFMs may produce Het Standard Model! (1-7), (2-5), (2-14): other free Z/2 and (Z/2) 2 Schoen quotients of [BD2]. Seven cases of Borcea-Voisin threefolds
58 Important Examples (0-1): Vafa-Witten (51,3) (1-1): (27,3) π 1 = Z/2 (2-9): (27,3) π 1 =0 (2-9) is the NAHE + model=(z/2) 2 -orbifold of SO(12)-torus (1-1) is not (0-2): Schoen (19,19) (1-3): DOPW, BD1 (11,11) FFMs may produce Het Standard Model! (1-7), (2-5), (2-14): other free Z/2 and (Z/2) 2 Schoen quotients of [BD2]. Seven cases of Borcea-Voisin threefolds
59 Important Examples (0-1): Vafa-Witten (51,3) (1-1): (27,3) π 1 = Z/2 (2-9): (27,3) π 1 =0 (2-9) is the NAHE + model=(z/2) 2 -orbifold of SO(12)-torus (1-1) is not (0-2): Schoen (19,19) (1-3): DOPW, BD1 (11,11) FFMs may produce Het Standard Model! (1-7), (2-5), (2-14): other free Z/2 and (Z/2) 2 Schoen quotients of [BD2]. Seven cases of Borcea-Voisin threefolds
60 Important Examples (0-1): Vafa-Witten (51,3) (1-1): (27,3) π 1 = Z/2 (2-9): (27,3) π 1 =0 (2-9) is the NAHE + model=(z/2) 2 -orbifold of SO(12)-torus (1-1) is not (0-2): Schoen (19,19) (1-3): DOPW, BD1 (11,11) FFMs may produce Het Standard Model! (1-7), (2-5), (2-14): other free Z/2 and (Z/2) 2 Schoen quotients of [BD2]. Seven cases of Borcea-Voisin threefolds
61 Important Examples (0-1): Vafa-Witten (51,3) (1-1): (27,3) π 1 = Z/2 (2-9): (27,3) π 1 =0 (2-9) is the NAHE + model=(z/2) 2 -orbifold of SO(12)-torus (1-1) is not (0-2): Schoen (19,19) (1-3): DOPW, BD1 (11,11) FFMs may produce Het Standard Model! (1-7), (2-5), (2-14): other free Z/2 and (Z/2) 2 Schoen quotients of [BD2]. Seven cases of Borcea-Voisin threefolds
62 Important Examples (0-1): Vafa-Witten (51,3) (1-1): (27,3) π 1 = Z/2 (2-9): (27,3) π 1 =0 (2-9) is the NAHE + model=(z/2) 2 -orbifold of SO(12)-torus (1-1) is not (0-2): Schoen (19,19) (1-3): DOPW, BD1 (11,11) FFMs may produce Het Standard Model! (1-7), (2-5), (2-14): other free Z/2 and (Z/2) 2 Schoen quotients of [BD2]. Seven cases of Borcea-Voisin threefolds
63 Important Examples (0-1): Vafa-Witten (51,3) (1-1): (27,3) π 1 = Z/2 (2-9): (27,3) π 1 =0 (2-9) is the NAHE + model=(z/2) 2 -orbifold of SO(12)-torus (1-1) is not (0-2): Schoen (19,19) (1-3): DOPW, BD1 (11,11) FFMs may produce Het Standard Model! (1-7), (2-5), (2-14): other free Z/2 and (Z/2) 2 Schoen quotients of [BD2]. Seven cases of Borcea-Voisin threefolds
64 Outline
65 World record for π 1 (X ) X =Gross threefold [Gross-Popescu, Gross-Pavanelli] X P 1 simply-connected, fibered Fibers=abelian surfaces (T 4 ) with polarization of type (1, 8). Dual fibration: X P 1 X = X /(Z/8) 2, π 1 (X )=(Z/8) 2. Explicitly: X X P 7, X intersection of 4 quadrics has 64 nodes. X X small resultion. Advantages: Huge π 1 greater phenomenological flexibility V on X spectral data on V so don t need invariance Difficulties: Hard to find spectral curves (codim 2) Spectral construction needs to combine with Hecke transforms need to check stability We have: one new example. It seems: many examples. Construction of spectral curve uses: GW invariants!
66 World record for π 1 (X ) X =Gross threefold [Gross-Popescu, Gross-Pavanelli] X P 1 simply-connected, fibered Fibers=abelian surfaces (T 4 ) with polarization of type (1, 8). Dual fibration: X P 1 X = X /(Z/8) 2, π 1 (X )=(Z/8) 2. Explicitly: X X P 7, X intersection of 4 quadrics has 64 nodes. X X small resultion. Advantages: Huge π 1 greater phenomenological flexibility V on X spectral data on V so don t need invariance Difficulties: Hard to find spectral curves (codim 2) Spectral construction needs to combine with Hecke transforms need to check stability We have: one new example. It seems: many examples. Construction of spectral curve uses: GW invariants!
67 World record for π 1 (X ) X =Gross threefold [Gross-Popescu, Gross-Pavanelli] X P 1 simply-connected, fibered Fibers=abelian surfaces (T 4 ) with polarization of type (1, 8). Dual fibration: X P 1 X = X /(Z/8) 2, π 1 (X )=(Z/8) 2. Explicitly: X X P 7, X intersection of 4 quadrics has 64 nodes. X X small resultion. Advantages: Huge π 1 greater phenomenological flexibility V on X spectral data on V so don t need invariance Difficulties: Hard to find spectral curves (codim 2) Spectral construction needs to combine with Hecke transforms need to check stability We have: one new example. It seems: many examples. Construction of spectral curve uses: GW invariants!
68 World record for π 1 (X ) X =Gross threefold [Gross-Popescu, Gross-Pavanelli] X P 1 simply-connected, fibered Fibers=abelian surfaces (T 4 ) with polarization of type (1, 8). Dual fibration: X P 1 X = X /(Z/8) 2, π 1 (X )=(Z/8) 2. Explicitly: X X P 7, X intersection of 4 quadrics has 64 nodes. X X small resultion. Advantages: Huge π 1 greater phenomenological flexibility V on X spectral data on V so don t need invariance Difficulties: Hard to find spectral curves (codim 2) Spectral construction needs to combine with Hecke transforms need to check stability We have: one new example. It seems: many examples. Construction of spectral curve uses: GW invariants!
69 World record for π 1 (X ) X =Gross threefold [Gross-Popescu, Gross-Pavanelli] X P 1 simply-connected, fibered Fibers=abelian surfaces (T 4 ) with polarization of type (1, 8). Dual fibration: X P 1 X = X /(Z/8) 2, π 1 (X )=(Z/8) 2. Explicitly: X X P 7, X intersection of 4 quadrics has 64 nodes. X X small resultion. Advantages: Huge π 1 greater phenomenological flexibility V on X spectral data on V so don t need invariance Difficulties: Hard to find spectral curves (codim 2) Spectral construction needs to combine with Hecke transforms need to check stability We have: one new example. It seems: many examples. Construction of spectral curve uses: GW invariants!
70 World record for π 1 (X ) X =Gross threefold [Gross-Popescu, Gross-Pavanelli] X P 1 simply-connected, fibered Fibers=abelian surfaces (T 4 ) with polarization of type (1, 8). Dual fibration: X P 1 X = X /(Z/8) 2, π 1 (X )=(Z/8) 2. Explicitly: X X P 7, X intersection of 4 quadrics has 64 nodes. X X small resultion. Advantages: Huge π 1 greater phenomenological flexibility V on X spectral data on V so don t need invariance Difficulties: Hard to find spectral curves (codim 2) Spectral construction needs to combine with Hecke transforms need to check stability We have: one new example. It seems: many examples. Construction of spectral curve uses: GW invariants!
71 World record for π 1 (X ) X =Gross threefold [Gross-Popescu, Gross-Pavanelli] X P 1 simply-connected, fibered Fibers=abelian surfaces (T 4 ) with polarization of type (1, 8). Dual fibration: X P 1 X = X /(Z/8) 2, π 1 (X )=(Z/8) 2. Explicitly: X X P 7, X intersection of 4 quadrics has 64 nodes. X X small resultion. Advantages: Huge π 1 greater phenomenological flexibility V on X spectral data on V so don t need invariance Difficulties: Hard to find spectral curves (codim 2) Spectral construction needs to combine with Hecke transforms need to check stability We have: one new example. It seems: many examples. Construction of spectral curve uses: GW invariants!
72 World record for π 1 (X ) X =Gross threefold [Gross-Popescu, Gross-Pavanelli] X P 1 simply-connected, fibered Fibers=abelian surfaces (T 4 ) with polarization of type (1, 8). Dual fibration: X P 1 X = X /(Z/8) 2, π 1 (X )=(Z/8) 2. Explicitly: X X P 7, X intersection of 4 quadrics has 64 nodes. X X small resultion. Advantages: Huge π 1 greater phenomenological flexibility V on X spectral data on V so don t need invariance Difficulties: Hard to find spectral curves (codim 2) Spectral construction needs to combine with Hecke transforms need to check stability We have: one new example. It seems: many examples. Construction of spectral curve uses: GW invariants!
73 World record for π 1 (X ) X =Gross threefold [Gross-Popescu, Gross-Pavanelli] X P 1 simply-connected, fibered Fibers=abelian surfaces (T 4 ) with polarization of type (1, 8). Dual fibration: X P 1 X = X /(Z/8) 2, π 1 (X )=(Z/8) 2. Explicitly: X X P 7, X intersection of 4 quadrics has 64 nodes. X X small resultion. Advantages: Huge π 1 greater phenomenological flexibility V on X spectral data on V so don t need invariance Difficulties: Hard to find spectral curves (codim 2) Spectral construction needs to combine with Hecke transforms need to check stability We have: one new example. It seems: many examples. Construction of spectral curve uses: GW invariants!
74 World record for π 1 (X ) X =Gross threefold [Gross-Popescu, Gross-Pavanelli] X P 1 simply-connected, fibered Fibers=abelian surfaces (T 4 ) with polarization of type (1, 8). Dual fibration: X P 1 X = X /(Z/8) 2, π 1 (X )=(Z/8) 2. Explicitly: X X P 7, X intersection of 4 quadrics has 64 nodes. X X small resultion. Advantages: Huge π 1 greater phenomenological flexibility V on X spectral data on V so don t need invariance Difficulties: Hard to find spectral curves (codim 2) Spectral construction needs to combine with Hecke transforms need to check stability We have: one new example. It seems: many examples. Construction of spectral curve uses: GW invariants!
75 World record for π 1 (X ) X =Gross threefold [Gross-Popescu, Gross-Pavanelli] X P 1 simply-connected, fibered Fibers=abelian surfaces (T 4 ) with polarization of type (1, 8). Dual fibration: X P 1 X = X /(Z/8) 2, π 1 (X )=(Z/8) 2. Explicitly: X X P 7, X intersection of 4 quadrics has 64 nodes. X X small resultion. Advantages: Huge π 1 greater phenomenological flexibility V on X spectral data on V so don t need invariance Difficulties: Hard to find spectral curves (codim 2) Spectral construction needs to combine with Hecke transforms need to check stability We have: one new example. It seems: many examples. Construction of spectral curve uses: GW invariants!
76 World record for π 1 (X ) X =Gross threefold [Gross-Popescu, Gross-Pavanelli] X P 1 simply-connected, fibered Fibers=abelian surfaces (T 4 ) with polarization of type (1, 8). Dual fibration: X P 1 X = X /(Z/8) 2, π 1 (X )=(Z/8) 2. Explicitly: X X P 7, X intersection of 4 quadrics has 64 nodes. X X small resultion. Advantages: Huge π 1 greater phenomenological flexibility V on X spectral data on V so don t need invariance Difficulties: Hard to find spectral curves (codim 2) Spectral construction needs to combine with Hecke transforms need to check stability We have: one new example. It seems: many examples. Construction of spectral curve uses: GW invariants!
77 Outline
78 Summary Within the E 8 E 8 heterotic on smooth threefolds corner of the landscape, the High Country region is very small (only one model so far! :-) Perhaps other models in the class of threefolds constructed as quotients of Schoen s threefolds, but not on the Z 6 one, at least with current bundle construction methods Hope to get more physical models on Gross threefold (more to come soon :-) Allowing SUSY breaking at the compactification scale leads to infinite families of models, probably not phenomenologically viable
79 Summary Within the E 8 E 8 heterotic on smooth threefolds corner of the landscape, the High Country region is very small (only one model so far! :-) Perhaps other models in the class of threefolds constructed as quotients of Schoen s threefolds, but not on the Z 6 one, at least with current bundle construction methods Hope to get more physical models on Gross threefold (more to come soon :-) Allowing SUSY breaking at the compactification scale leads to infinite families of models, probably not phenomenologically viable
80 Summary Within the E 8 E 8 heterotic on smooth threefolds corner of the landscape, the High Country region is very small (only one model so far! :-) Perhaps other models in the class of threefolds constructed as quotients of Schoen s threefolds, but not on the Z 6 one, at least with current bundle construction methods Hope to get more physical models on Gross threefold (more to come soon :-) Allowing SUSY breaking at the compactification scale leads to infinite families of models, probably not phenomenologically viable
81 Summary Within the E 8 E 8 heterotic on smooth threefolds corner of the landscape, the High Country region is very small (only one model so far! :-) Perhaps other models in the class of threefolds constructed as quotients of Schoen s threefolds, but not on the Z 6 one, at least with current bundle construction methods Hope to get more physical models on Gross threefold (more to come soon :-) Allowing SUSY breaking at the compactification scale leads to infinite families of models, probably not phenomenologically viable
82 Still to come More threefolds and more physical bundles! Necessary if we want to study common properties etc. Systematize study of the High Country using algebro-geometric methods? [AHL]B [GHL] Moduli stabilization? [B,BBO,GLO]B Find F-theory dual picture? [DW,BHV]B SUSY breaking? [BBO]B Using hidden sector, either a la Intriligator-Seiberg-ShihB, or racetrack mechanism, or... Calabi-Yau metrics and Kähler potential? [BBDO]B Thank you! :-)
83 Still to come More threefolds and more physical bundles! Necessary if we want to study common properties etc. Systematize study of the High Country using algebro-geometric methods? [AHL]B [GHL] Moduli stabilization? [B,BBO,GLO]B Find F-theory dual picture? [DW,BHV]B SUSY breaking? [BBO]B Using hidden sector, either a la Intriligator-Seiberg-ShihB, or racetrack mechanism, or... Calabi-Yau metrics and Kähler potential? [BBDO]B Thank you! :-)
84 Still to come More threefolds and more physical bundles! Necessary if we want to study common properties etc. Systematize study of the High Country using algebro-geometric methods? [AHL]B [GHL] Moduli stabilization? [B,BBO,GLO]B Find F-theory dual picture? [DW,BHV]B SUSY breaking? [BBO]B Using hidden sector, either a la Intriligator-Seiberg-ShihB, or racetrack mechanism, or... Calabi-Yau metrics and Kähler potential? [BBDO]B Thank you! :-)
85 Still to come More threefolds and more physical bundles! Necessary if we want to study common properties etc. Systematize study of the High Country using algebro-geometric methods? [AHL]B [GHL] Moduli stabilization? [B,BBO,GLO]B Find F-theory dual picture? [DW,BHV]B SUSY breaking? [BBO]B Using hidden sector, either a la Intriligator-Seiberg-ShihB, or racetrack mechanism, or... Calabi-Yau metrics and Kähler potential? [BBDO]B Thank you! :-)
86 Still to come More threefolds and more physical bundles! Necessary if we want to study common properties etc. Systematize study of the High Country using algebro-geometric methods? [AHL]B [GHL] Moduli stabilization? [B,BBO,GLO]B Find F-theory dual picture? [DW,BHV]B SUSY breaking? [BBO]B Using hidden sector, either a la Intriligator-Seiberg-ShihB, or racetrack mechanism, or... Calabi-Yau metrics and Kähler potential? [BBDO]B Thank you! :-)
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