'K p;f+ K PB 'XJ Z)Y( 'V Z)Y( hx T 7F9 C+ J E< L;+ K '(: V 7)o+

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1 /08/01 :%& '() *)+ 1396/04/29 :%& /)01 *) :5 : ) VIKOR ($!" # 3 2 *1 - ( ) *# +( 789 L ; K 9 'J E< I E7 7B F B CD> 8) : ; :;%< => E7 'V CV7? :7B@ TU 7BJ RV;+ T OF P QK R+ ; B 'J >: 5;N 7 `? a? 'J 7): L;+ C V ]B^_ 7? ; :;%< '[\ Z)Y( WX '>)@ L;+ 7)1 TJ;+ J T ; ^ '>)@ )` FbB F J;+ a? T;bK & / 'L P?@ :CX O&+ A) 7 ;_ B( 7B;+ ; :;%< afk ZK de C;X E;FX ` T K F5 5( T+ 5( YJ 5( 5( X+ 7BJ T0:/@ 7): + )(HL Xh >J +Xh T )U fgj 'J 7 J ; :;%< ) (AHP) + >J C+ C;X E@ 'L 7 PB T@( J Pi;+ ;5 Tb&B T@J 7< 'J G)B O 7 + Vikor J Idrisi ; :;%< T7F F1 b&b 7): J AF9 ; +K %^ A) T:@J m)` A) F T+Z :;%< TF1 YK l\ a l\ 'L ; Y)+ ; :;%< T7F F1 ;8) a7 T@( TX; ');cx R J )K %^ G)B L;+ 'K p;f+ K PB 'XJ Z)Y( 'V Z)Y( hx T 7F9 C+ J E< L;+ K '(: V 7)o+ : G)B D VIKOR :T7K E:q zeynalib@umaacir ta elhamshokrzadeh@gmailcom piroozielnaz@yahoocom ('"(%$%"!)! - 1! 0/ "* +, $ -- 2! 93""" "2!- 3

2 1397 / 15 = 678 < & +, ( )& # % -" ))* )!" # #$% &' ( &" #))* +/ )(# & 0# ) # -" +/* 12 # 0# ) +3 #$% -, 45 &"( (1348 ;,<) -" >? # & : 2,5 ( #) 6 ( ) F( % -" + )G ) (# &" ( # 1 # F)H I)G F& :O +/< PQ 0# ) # &' ( ) )#)% %/ ( L"))* #M" N # % ) 1R *)* P< ) -ST6 :O # ) ( *),* (1380 ; ) *# +/< :M* ) % ( #)$* # H )/ ):%( # %, Z) [5 -, )O NO $*! :O (2006 ^ ( *^() % N/% ( )+Q -ST6 :O :O! # (2001 ) ^ : ( G : `)G X%!)O)\ ( '(" FYX & [5 -, a#< # TM* 4b)"( & Z" : % ( (&' #5) 6 ch G* # ( -" +/* ( )F)/)" -O) LV + ^ O 45 F S * ( &? )-T)d ( Z) LV ^* # -" + *) -)1 ( f5 +Q Z) H( ["( # (1389 +/5 ( )*) -" >? -)g" ( H )G( -)&O h[" # (# )" ( -)" >\ ( +"O )(# F< ), # Z)' #M" ; >? X &' % ( T;H )f#) ( " )KO /% %)#) H( ) ) i (1391F#)/( *)d) (# #)/ #$% + -$ -,* &d( #( )<!#' *)H )#*)") )+Q F,)M #), (#? # F),* )FT X* 2, # [5 -, 2,@%*) -,* #( Z) # -&I(!#'#( % ig + # )+Q X% P,*) h[" O %@ H ) P $ &H)O N * #)& Y PT5 FO ( ) +)g" -" *)Y ( & S* # `T, -+Q ^" P,*) `)S* # X/\ F) $ )X," +)g" $V -<,H )S F< F *)+ j?) %) ) c)v* ) -" + &" I)G jm5 # ) ) 1 # (MCDM) #)& Y X/\,H FO F< #( #)% &)[ # -( ( k? # L") ; # ( h[" # )+Q X% P,*) +(5 h[" PM1 )F*)% P')O G # ( ) # ) %@ H ) #d F # *) -T[ )O]H l)m I)G jm5 # -" M[ `T,!#' ()) &/H 1 - Vikor

3 VIKOR'$ "* "3, 0$</F E # & j? -" + O S* # F *)+ j?) ( h[" # &)[ # -X%) X% &/H X% # -&"( Z T% 180 ( -&/H g* ) 1390)" (1390 FJ% # )*#)) ) (#) # g* 85 # &)[ ( "# #S gtv )m(# ) ))" # +3( +*# ):(3 1 "# # ^* #$% # (2005) X < )n -" O!#' F)H ( F UTV G* -&/H #)^g* :O LH #$% # -g* -&' # % +"# ( /* H T/H H [5 -, ):)Y ) # ) ( -" ) #)$* P'O # -?# ( ) -<"!#G H# FY gtv P< T"( 2 XT< T% #? ( F F # % )^ Z) "# (2006) #O(% ( )T( :)% # ( )*)% # ( /< -J" ( X)< ) # T' P)< # TM* P)"( % *"# ( + %) 3! P% -&/H # T/H -, 45 P< 12 "# (2007) F#)/ ( * ))" F),%) # -, 45 $* -&/H # ( p* - n 12 -&/H # % ) lt" -F,*) r)* 4 # +Q #)& : +)g" ) % $(3 (2014) F#)/ ( F)H F( -" + -, 45 : PM10 ( PM25 *Q)" -ST6 r)* j? -" + `)^* ? % F)" 31 j?) : )/ M[ # Zd( )F)" # SO2 CO PM10 F ) -g% #*)" # Q) (# ) + F), # + +)$ X% % )(# -" + s ch ( c6 # +% PM25 -" + #)? # c6 M[ ( )? # s ch M[ #) &" F< -5 $(3 # (1387) L G ( /G F # ) PM10 ( O3 F ) * + -" r)* * &" )G # )#$% # "# )" # +) -%G %) ) # # TM* P)"( +)g" :O ) CO 2 ) #)$* F &" )G # )#$% # % F)$* :% F)$* ) "# # (1390) /5 -" O) :O PM* ( P/G :V ) -" /Td ( H 4 ( +Q Z) &? -&d +/< P)< 3 ^* ) h[" # # H ) F)O ` ( p* Q) >\ T/H UTV PQ * + ) + F)$* # $O G ) ),)M # ) +H )^ ( ) ;*(#( -T< ( h[" ) : p* Q) >\ ) +/ F -&/H :O ( # Y %#? -" 1 - Abdol karim 2 - Wilyamz & Keraford 3 - Alem et al 4 - Un gana et al

4 1397 / 15 = 678 < m(# +)g" ) (1393) O + + % # F $ LT6 ( # : -/ ) F)$* jm5 r)* % % # F *)+ j?) # # % + % # 8 M[ #d ( Z)' -&d % + 8 ( 6 j?) # F $(3 j" Z/H #!#' # (#? # )P ( # H *),* P< ) M[ F u) )O]H -&d L,G UTV j?) # *)* P< % -g P< : # *),* P)<!)MM5 : % * ) ( # H )( :O v<) F # #)& Y PT5 FO +)g" # F # ):(3 H( ) * P &? S* # #% wj F% -H # ) F< F # I)G jm5 + j?) # so ) P')G # ( + j?) # #( )-T)d F? % -O xv$ P,*) h[" / T')O &' % T')O I# #)% :P)) # 1R P< )") (-&/H `)G m#) <)g#!)m??) # +# T')O " )KO T')O #)^ % )<J? )# ( (H #) )m# P/$ *+ O #)% I)G jm5 # % )+ #S!)<J? * O #)% # j?) -T[ `< ( # %, )#)& y ) ( jm5 zi ) 4 * )+);) ( )^ )" *)V)% Z) +)g" ) #% #*)" # d F)^)#{ F)" -, 45 F))" )F)# ( )F))" &H 2 #)& N ) (1) (H ) j)[ )V* )#)& -" + -" ") F))" ( c),g X/\ ) -T[ F F +<)d ) (!()Kd #*)" #)& )$M* F< -5, )O]H )KO # #)& )M ( -&I(!#'!] >& % )$M* T") ip, -&I(!#' >& )# )#)& i) # (155 :1385,g )) ) ( j ) #)& &I( w % -" (&)[ # +(5 "# $M* + P$ ) $M* GIS 45 # )"d# ) #)& y )<J? )Q -" )+)#)% + d# $M* ( H -&I( # )#)% + d# $M* 1:10000 l)m # }V" ) ( +)g" ) F<?) # ( -&/H `)G " )KO #)^ j?) &' + d# )$M* (# h[" # k[ )#)& N y )<J? )Q 1 - ELECTRE 2 - Criterion

5 VIKOR'$ "* "3, 0$</F E m#) y )<J? )Q * +) PT5 O # )* # )<J? )Q +)g" w)$ y )m# ( /Td ))*#) ( )+ Y)+ T; :7F)U< r^ T f)+ :1 a7l C>81 1C>81 P?@ 'L x11 / X12 & X+ 5( + 5( YJ Tc( 5( T+ 5( F5 YK T K ` X1n 2C>81 X21 x22 X23 X24 X25 X2n mc>81 Xm1 Xm2 Xm3 Xm4 Xm5 Xmn L -&I(!#' cy#)y # )m# ^ L)d!] )"#*)" ( # m# % MT )# )#)& )"#*)" O H( F< F * # </^ # -K< 1 +)g" ) `~!#' # )#)& )"#*)" ( # m# # (1385,g )) :)#)& 2 `* )O Z) # % )*) +)g" ) I)G jm5 # -" + +)g" )O )</^ # -K< Z) *+ #)& )$M*!#' % )$M* )"#*)" # H( IDRISI Kilimanjaro #O!#' $O -K< FY )L)d ( + +)g" linear ( Sigmoidal -K< Z L") -" + S* # N/)" ( -!#' $)% - T,T" PT5 O m(# P{ # % ( (,)M m(# )#)& I)G jm5 # # k[ g ) +* ) # P/< +)g" #d +)g" #(AHP) )- * #d H # gr ( F) # ")% X/\ ( )#)& + `)^* )!()Kd # #))" "# F) T,T" PT5 O -)<# )!()Kd # #))" #M )#)& ((,)M i) P$ # ;!#) < ) )#)& H( )!()Kd # ;)/)* )/G * #( ; -,* )#)& -/ % d( FY -" + 3 CR #))" LI #M *)Y )" xv$ # );)/)* -" + -)<# )!()Kd # `Q #))" % + F)$* ) F % -O) ) # ^" i # 0/1 Y% ) (), 1 - Malchefski 2 - FUZZY 3 - Consistency Index

6 1397 / 15 = 678 < X% I)G &)[ # % F)$* I)G MM5 #)% # ) LI ")5 (1385,g )) Expert choice 7< 'J T E@ :2a7L (2(H) ) d P)d G # ( 0/1 &'% #)^ % " )KO #)% 0,168 0,127 0,114 0,156 E@ m#) z)g# -&/H `)G?) # +# 0,095 0,079 0,141 0,111 E@ ;8) a7 s)b+ 2 % [ # (2009 *( -" +#)& Y X/\ Pb), MO # )* - -,* F G? ( z( F) # 2, N ) F) ( )") #)d +* X/\ O Y X/\ 2, N # (1389b)[<) k[ X/\ 1R # F< * PG +)g" c)v* #S ) H( m ( #)& n +#)& 3 (2006 * ( r() -" )`) # #( )O )" +) X#; -" (1[#)!#' i) )^ ( )#)& U& #)& Y )# # :( TG (1) [# (2[#) ) X/\ i) )" #*)" :`( TG (2) [# X/\ # UTV )#)& -/ LI H ) # -" #)& F( :`" TG U& (3) [#!#' # 1 - Malchefeski 2 - Chen & Wang 3 - Opricovic & Tzeng

7 VIKOR'$ "* "3, 0$</F E (3) [# ( ) #)& H )M F) ( :`#)Y TG # * ")5 (5 ( 4) 4(# L )#)& O S* # g' ( 255)O + #*)" $M* H ) )#)& (4) [# (5) [# ) S #M # ) (R) U"2 #M ( (S) -T[ n%g ) " #M ")5 :X^ TG :* ")5 (7) [# H ) R( (6) [# H (6) [# (7) [# ) #)& $M* ( j #)& F( #M wj % : ")5 (8) [# H )Ǫ#M ) (Ǫ#M) VIKOR x) ")5 :X$ TG (8) [# ) so )&# Ǫ ( S R )M H ) # -" Ǫ ( S R )M l)" ) F% L :Xg TG % c)v* F< # ( * L 0# NY% +( " # ) ) F< +( " # F)/ #? % #( m(# l)" -g F -)* # % -" F X )) ) ct[)* 4 U\ [M* ( + [M* # -" `Q ) % +)g" { ( < )#)& ( )x) F F)/ #? + -,* F g%!#' # ( ) /% z* )#)& + + -,* )M )/ I)#!) ")5 )m(# % P /% )M # )F ) )#)& +!)<J? ( # + O S* # )#)&, L") % # + [M* T')O #d #)% #) # + [M* -,*,* T')O # # # H P)d

8 1397 / 15 = 678 < Zg # H( AHP FY )m(# # % ) JM" ao : r ) % % L,% -&I(!#' N!)g' </^ v& )# P\G) # ( -T% # (P,) % k[ O N -\V ) [# # F # l/t )n,)m + -&I(!#' L)d # % UTV!)g' </^ P\G) ) #,)M + -\V N ) * %,)M P% N + -\V ) P% N!#' -\V ( -, ((# O) -< -\V N %/* )^ # + P)M W G)B P% +# 4" # )+Q )-ST6 L +* ::^" )+);, "# m(# l)" # :) )+);, `)^* df)^)#{ F)" -, 45 - )gg :/* M? P{ k$ F )+);, #M" ' ) )(# 12 % + *, /O +);, :(P% +# # M,) F)" +);, -1 /O );, ( + Zd( % # % );, :(Y% "# ( # M,) )/* F +);, -2 c,5 #)^ -" #)^ /*, );, :()S* XG F # M,) )S* XG +);, -3 c,5 O +);, :()/ƒ) +# #)Y # M,) )/ƒ) +);, -4 `)* F F &' /*, );, F& :(@ +# P% +#?5 # +# -5 `) * F F *, );, F& :(F)" - %?5 # M,) - +);, -6 F)$* # )+);, -&d (1)P (1387 :) % m#)

9 VIKOR'$ "* "3, 0$</F E Y)+ ; :;%< Tt>) 'V; :1C8 v5 # +Q #) z* L,G #91 )"? # UTV )+);, )+ PT5 ( ^ r)*!#{ F % F)$* UTV )+);, # jt&!#{ "# :X #d #/* (3(2P) ) X)")* 4 # *Q)" #*)" ),)M # )+);, n% # jt& : H( %)G UTV )+);, # jt&!#{ -ST6 <)" 24 *))!] S* )+);, )/ )+) n% # -" + )"? # jt&!#{ <)" 24 )^ G #*)" -$ # )+) # %#[ *# #d (PSI) x) l)" X)")* 4 #!#{ Q P %#?F)/ -" +"# #[I 4 Y% "# +# )+);, # ( n% % + F)$* :) )+);, # C0 -ST6 F)$* (5(4) +# )/ƒ) ( F)" )+);, # # #{ )+) # %#[ *# #d X)")* 4 # )+);, ( )/ƒ) )+);, # ) )^ #*)" m# X)")* 4 ( + )^ G #*)" : ( #{ # - UTV )+);, SO2 <)" 24 -ST6 ( #) PT5 ( ^ (7(6) # SO2 #) )5 P$ *)V % -,* %)G x) ) SO2 -ST6 <)"24 *))!] #/* #* H( UTV )+);, # F *))

10 1397 / 15 = 678 < ( #d /)")* 4 # +) # Y% "# +);, ) % -,* %)G H )+);, # -" + * )5 ') P$ )+);, M # ) #) +(5 # Q) NO P ) x) ) F,)M ( NO2 -ST6 <)" 24 ( #) "# (9(8)P -+) #) "# (11(10P) /* F)$* 91 )"? # NO2 -,* u) Q (PSI) (PSI) #*)" x) ),)M # )M % F)$* O3 u\ # 91 )" :) ) N* )^ 6 G )/* F +);, # *)) Y ) X)" 4 # PB 7F)U< Pm10 <)"24 *))!]#/* :3 P #/* :2P Co -ST6 <)" 24 *))!] #/* :5 P -ST6 :4P So2 <)"24 *))!] #/* :7 P -ST6 :6P

11 VIKOR'$ "* "3, 0$</F E NO2 <)"24 *))!] #/* :9 P -ST6 #/* :8P O3 -ST6 <)"24 *))!] #/* :11P -ST6 #/* :10P %^ ; T J F< `)O " )+% )#/)* )/ >? u) O -T< :p+ (:;1;+ )+% s ( (Z)' /% #M") - c6 " )+% : ch >? ( s )/ -H " # (12)P -" + #\5 +% FJ ( ƒ (# )+Q )M* % (5 - c6 -/" (!)<)g# ch ^ )HF # F #\5 ( NO ( ) % ( b#)% % - F)<{ F :` T K +# " ) ) )#)% M[ L% ( Z -g% ( -/% ' H + j?) Q # ) 12 % )#)% ) )#)% xvt ) (13) P H ) # ) 9 ( 1 M[ y ( 8 M[ y )g% *# (?) # ( (#)^ # ;O ) )8 ) $ # ) `)G ) " )KO *, )#)% ) (!^ (!),"2 ( #)^) 3(2M[ &' Q) :% 6 M[ # +3( ^* # ( F(# NO # X!)d :+ 5( ), T/< U&I -T< ) T /% ), ( )# #)% -M F % :V

$1397 / 15 A @*?>7 = 678 <2 ----------------------------------- 78 F L @ ( P # < NO $V T /% +3( # *,** -O) h[" '# 21/6 u)\ H( )?$ )%G ) : '# ) F # Z)' #M" )* # % ) H :'L K+ -/" (#!)<)"? # # ) -&/H % @ *# #d % # % P) M?

12 1397 / 15 = 678 < F ( P # < NO $V T /% +3( # *,** -O) h[" '# 21/6 u)\ H( )?) # ))KO % M[ # O ( )*) )/* #d y) # )& ( M[!#' # (Xd -O) +(5 >? #) UTV )-/,d ) ; /,d : )g" P% '# 40 : c H ) ( (1387 +/5 (14P) ) *#!)O)\ ( ' *Q? ) F +# %!)%G ) : '# ) F # Z)' #M" )* # % ) H :'L K+ -/" (#!)<)"? # # ) -&/H *# #d % # % P) M?) # $ L " P< )" ) +/ ( % )^ # ;" O #) % % c H `)^* "# H ) i ) # 8 M[ T/H % * #^/ j?) ( % j?) F)%)" :-g F ) F 1) ( -&/H X^G u\ # + *# #d )+Q z* a& # %@ +(J< -&/H Q) X^G ) )G j?)) (15P) * $ L " Y)+ X+ r;^j b&b :13 C8 Y)+ ` T K b&b :12C8

79 -------------------------------------- VIKOR'$ E @ "* "3, 0$</F E Y)+ + T b&b :15C8 Y)+ 'L P?@ b&b :14C8 :)% )*#)* 12 ( #)/ :)% )# F< " )KO :YJ Tc( )G # @ (114 1388 L,* *)$# ( ) ;*) # P )+Q (#( )*!

13 VIKOR'$ "* "3, 0$</F E Y)+ + T b&b :15C8 Y)+ 'L P?@ b&b :14C8 :)% )*#)* 12 ( #)/ :)% )# F< " )KO :YJ Tc( )G ( L,* *)$# ( ) ;*) # P )+Q (#( )*!K " )KO $M* (16)P -,* # T[ *" " )KO S* % -/,d % -" l)" *# # Q) :% 2 ( 9 j?) ( " :%1 ( 8 j?) F)$* # + * )F)) " )KO /< )f#) X< " )KO + P/< )"# " )KO -G), )&/H " j?) ; ( ( ( " )KO ( )#)% )/< ) " )KO *" 1390 )" # g* &/H )5 % ) Z (1390 # #) ))") ) Z 15/12 6) Pb T Pb *) 0# )f#) -X # F,(!^ (!),"2 ( # TM* 4b)"( X% P :F5 5( Z":O! c,5 #$% )@ + (HO)%)* ( 1 6% + L " # -O) ;,, FYX & [5 -, a#< # ˆTM* 4b)"( & )-T)d ( Z) LV ^* # ( + $ % ( (&' #5) 6 ch G* # ZI( (17)P -"+^ O45 F S * ( &? $ # )+Q <* )#)V ( )*) ) s)h ( )#)V ) sg 1 :T+ 5( ig P)d jt&!#{ ( )) z* )b NONO2CO ) F % % ( ;*(#( '# 22/59 ) ;*) #)^ >#)\ -" #*) #*) & % +#) (18)P (1390 df)^)#{ F)" #*)") -" FJ% PT< M[O P<

14 1397 / 15 = 678 < :M* )" UTV \O # *#) F :)% # * FY )FJ% # :/ )(# #, )*)#)% )(# 4" # F #)$* T' Z #M ), -" #)% )(#? P')G % # jt& #!#{ -" P[& )(# : g #)% + )^ ) F? % #( H( #) MTG <* ( + P$ # *)do ) «,» 1 % *#) F :)% v<) ( + ( *# # H F(# # ( &' ( +$% ), # " F T% )+ ) + ( -&/H ) % -g ) % c%" ( Ud T% # (j/<x%) #)X% ( # ( ) # m#) * M[ F -?# F * ( P M[ N # % ) z* T m#) F ) * (19)P-" 1 Y)+ YJ 5( b&b :17C8 Y)+ F5 5( b&b :16C8 Y)+ T+ 5( b&b :19C8 Y)+ E r;^j b&b :18C8

15 VIKOR'$ "* "3, 0$</F E `( #? ) -" &' )+Q ( )# :V ( #)$* T' P)< ) /Td \< : (1389*(PT) ) )M* -H F # (L)6 ):)"O) #% ) + (L)6 )) -H N # ) -H (20P) + (91)") *Q)" ) T UTV \O # F)H -H F F)$* -<" ( -/" # )) '# 85,19 ( `# )) '#14,81% ) d ( d )/ M[ # :-g F ) -<" # 1) u\ # :(3 r)* H ) % ) )) %@ H ) i -")F ) -$ G)* ) >? # +% + Z)' )^ P5 #5 &' :V O) #)$* ) ) d ( d )/ )" ` P\O # L)6 )" " \O L)6 )) %@ H ) ; >? ( % % :V #( # (8M[) d >? # (7 M[)6 #5 Z)' O) #)$* )+Q : -<" ) ( ) 6 ch ( 6 V#) ( % -O) # )"? # -ST6 :O LH ^* # ( % - % (1391) Y)+ BUJ : :20C8 # % #)$O )+ #M" ( O 4 P # Fp# zd( :(Eq;F))) tb F F)$* 1) +6( )O]H 4 Q) )a< " \O 1 O #d "# # 1391)" z)g# ) )!] )#/* # F zd( ( ;*(#( 1 - Skew-T

1397 / 15 A @*?>7 = 678 <2 ----------------------------------- 82!n% P )H@ # % -" )" ` +#( : )" " +#( # ) ;*(#(!

% # H( ; ;*(#( Q )") 650 ) 600 h[" + 800 H( ; ;*(#( )") 550 ) 500 h[" ) H# 1 F # ) :O *(# ( + * ## - :)% r# ) )") 200 ) 400 h[" ) H# 10 F # ) :O

16 1397 / 15 = 678 < !n% P )H@ # % -" )" ` +#( : )" " +#( # ) ;*(#(! F r)* l)" ;*(#( (21) P X% c)v* # + ( P$ ( ) `~ F # ;*(#( % #/* ( )#/* H# 20 ) :O -" 800 (G # ;*(#( j/< # H( )") 900 h[" # ) )! % # H( ; ;*(#( Q )") 650 ) 600 h[" H( ; ;*(#( )") 550 ) 500 h[" ) H# 1 F # ) :O *(# ( + * ## - :)% r# ) )") 200 ) 400 h[" ) H# 10 F # ) :O *(# % # h[" # +#)( +% :)% ) r# # H( ) ;*(#( )") 900 h[" # (22) P % ( % :O H# 10 ) 2000 z)g# # & % :O ) )") 750 % :)% ) )") 200 ) )")700 z)g# (1391 7) Y)+ p+ H+ ;B :21C8 (1391 8) Y)+ p+ H+ ;B : 22C8

17 VIKOR'$ "* "3, 0$</F E Tb&B T@J7BJ T0:/@ % -" `Q * #d +)g" # )l)m < )#)& +* # % )H F F),/ & )+ F/* #*)" (1387) F)/T") #*)" ; ) L% P d )#)& (1390#) -" (255 0 *) ) ; xv$ N ) ( N ( )+!] F% # -K< m# ) ( `~!#' )"#*)" ( # m# y TG # +#)/ ) F # )O </^ N # jt& H# ) -K< m# -" + O S* # )O </^ -,* )& \< N -K< m# Q) H# # #d 1 ) 0 FY F % 1 `* )O Z) # % )*) +)g" ) I)G jm5 # (1390 (O) ) </^ F jt& Q) *+ #)& )$M*!#' % )$M* )"#*)" # H( IDRISI Kilimanjaro #O -!#' $O FY ); FY )L)d # ( linear ( Sigmoidal -K< Z L") S* # )M #)& ) [# # -" + P/< +)g" N/)" ( -!#' $)% ) # )M /% ) $ )P, # #)& )M % -" + O g' ) -T[ F ^* # ( MT # g' -K< H# j [ # -K< P)% H# ) )P, # #)& + +* )M ; " ( g' -K< H# P')O G # * -T[ k[" )" -" #)& F # n%g -T[ )& ) )O + #*)" )$M* )*/* :)/* 30)23 ) # #d (255) n%g -K< H# `)/ F#( 5g' -(5 P ) ) P,*) # k[ )#)& ( c)h )O + #*)" ) $M* 5( T@( T7 7BJ b&b :24 C8 5( T@( T7 7BJ b&b :23 C8 1 -FUZZY

18 1397 / 15 = 678 < ` T K T@( T7 7BJ b&b :26 C8 / T@( T7 7BJ b&b :25C8 'L P?@ T@( T7 7BJ b&b :28 C8 T+YK T@( T7 7BJ b&b :27C8 YJ Tc( T@( T7 7BJ b&b :30 C8 X+ & T@( T7 7BJ b&b :29C8

85 -------------------------------------- VIKOR'$ E @ "* "3, 0$</F E ;8) a7 T:8 @ C5?

19 VIKOR'$ "* "3, 0$</F E ;8) a7 C5? L_ P,*) h[" $M* #( PG `)^* ( Q # 1R P< H P,*) h[" # P')G # -" (31)P N* 0/18 < -/" P, N m# #M Y ( ) )O -) # % ) 0/98 ( 0/18 )/* P 0/98 -/" T, -O)# m# #M F Y ( ) $ F ;*) ) -" Q -H P, F X% P,*) ) ;8) J Y)+ ; :;%< C>B1 T7F F1 b&b : 31C8 T:B #)F) #)1 )F 45 ) +*!H (# % g T)< ) H#) X,H +Q?TV ) ( ) )H Z)!#' ] # + P$ /& -,* ( Y PT5,H FO F< % #( cy#)y # &" # ) )F # ( #d H # P,*) P # P )g 1) c,5 #)& # +<)d cy#)y b# IDRISI ( GIS 45 # #% m(# )T/< +)g" # ) () )[ j?) )* $M* H ) `d # P,*) Y ( *# #d )&)[ M[ 6 )/ ( % -/,d # +/< #? (0/18 -/" P)/ ")% M[ # P,*) F X (0/98 -/" P)/ # ) N* d j?) ) &' % P)< M[ )^ # 1R &)[ P')G r)*

20 1397 / 15 = 678 < L (0/141) F( ) -&/H `)G ( (0/156) *( LI ) #)% (0/168) *( LI F +% $ P< ( u\ # + k[ vg) H ) ) M[ # )^ # )F #M" ( d ( 6 #5 ( # Z)' * # #HX *)+ j?) # :(3 r)* -" + % +(5 # +3( )+Q -ST6 LH L)6 )) -H ) ( O -ST6 F -"#)* Z +5* ( )#)% -"#)* :% F)$* (@;" NO L"))* )& -&/H `)G) *),* P< 12 0# ) # ) :O H # (# m, jm5 + -" r)* H ) &? P< : p H( `< NO ( PM* ( P/G X," *))" `< Y? # -&/H Z" % -/,d # u\ +/< P< " )KO /% ( #$% # (# -)" F# *(# #)/ F R F ( Œ)Y &" ( # )* -*()& (1390) FJ% # )*#) :)/# )" &' )G( F) # P &' f ) {)H ( L") PT5 ( "# (1390) ng # P# T# jm5 +);$* )"(# ( #)* ( )O]H +(# ")#)% )*F)) +*J #)g6)[< # &)[) O#)% &" )", # - T/< h[" # L") ; # (1390) m (O jm5 +);$* )"(# ( #)* ( )O]H +( # ")#)% )*F)) +*J #)g6 )[<:)/# )" (P# P# T# 1-13x' 10+#( 3+#)/ -, 45 p( `T< )" # #) &" H (1387) ko L G 5T /G -140x' 3+#)/ 16 +#( )O]H!)MM5 Td " #)/ F ( XTd 12 (1380) )" ; #)g6)[< :)/# )" GIS 45 # /Td )#) +)g" ) -( )F) (1389 ) 5 *(PT 126 T# jm5 +);$* &? )O]H # ")#)% )* F)) +*J :# &)[) " )KO &" ))/* )KO #) PT5 " (1388) )I#/G L,* *)$# T< ) ;* x' 49 +#)/ X^ ( " )" ") 45 T^ "F)g' j?) # ")#)% )* F)) # ) +Q X% P,*) h[" # m(# #)% (1393) `) O + P# *),* `T< +$* T# jm5 +);$* #$% ") $* ( c (# 0# ) 1) ;,< 5g' 348 () &' +);$*!#)$* ( Œ)Y +#)& Y X/\ (1389) /5 )[< ) g l)" -&I( "# (1391) +)H(O ( X% +@,G "# *)d x' ( +);$*) # )* ( )O]H $(3 -/T< $* T' 5g' 192 F +);$*!#)$* ( Œ)Y ") ( c /5 # H ZI(!)&)[ Z/H T\g k? (1385)), #()$ F)" F +*J #)g6 )[< ( #) % /H #)& Y X/\ PT5 ( )O]H!)<J? *))" (1385) NY),g ) 5g' 597 ( Œ)Y -/"!#)$*

21 VIKOR'$ "* "3, 0$</F E $(3 -/T< $* F(# NO *),* ( [5 -, a#< "# " (1389) -/G# )* x' "( +);$*) # )* ( )O]H Abdulkareem, AS, (2005), "Urban Air Pollution Evaluation by Computer Simlation: A Case Study of Petroleum Refining Company Nigeria, Leonardo Jounal of Sciences, Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies, Vol 6, pp Alam, S, Fatima, A, Butt, (2007), '' Sustainable Development in Pakistan in the Context of Energy Consumption Demand and Environmental Degradation'', Journal of Asian Economics, Vol 18, pp Breheny, M (2001) Densities, and sustainable cities: the UK experience, in Echenique, M and Saint, A (eds) Cities for the New Millennium London: Spon, pp Chen, LY, Wang, TC, 2009 Optimizing partners choice in IS/IT outsourcing projects: The strategic decision of fuzzy VIKOR, International Journal of Production Economics, Vol 120, pp Neumayer, E, Cole, M(2004) '' Examining the Impact of Demographic Factors on Air Pollution'', Population and Environment, Vol 26(1), pp5-21 Wijerane, IK and Bijker, W,(2006), Mapping Dispersion of Urban Air Pollution with Remote Sensing, ISPRS Technical Commission II Symposium, Vienna, July, pp Williams, T Crawford, Erica, (2006), smog and Population Health: Science and Technology Division, 28 March, pp 1-18 Yungang, W, Qi, Y, Jianlin, H, Hongliang, Z (2014) Spatial and temporal variations of six criteria air pollutants in 31 provincial capital cities in China during , Environment International, Vol 73, PP

22 Journal of Natural Environmental Hazards, Vol07, Issue 15, Spring Evaluation and Zonation of Air Pollution by using Vikor (Case Study: Tabriz) Batool Zeinali* 1, Elham Shokrzadeh fard 2, Elnaz Piroozi 3 Received: Accepted: Abstract If air pollution issue is not one of the acutest problems caused by mechanized civilization, undoubtedly it is one of the most complicated ones because air is spread everywhere and is being used in 24 hours Gathering of most of the people in urban areas and high standard of living expectation with minimum price without any attention to the environment has caused to increase of air pollution density in dangerous and noticeable level Now the growth of cities especially in developing countries causes urbanization and environmental waste To reach a sustainable development in cities, reduction and control of air pollution can be very important In this research 8 factors: overcrowding, precipitation, DEM (digital elevation model), distance from connecting roads, distance from green space, distance from CBD (central business district), distance from industrial centers and land use have been used as effective factors in air pollution The information layers have been prepared in GIS (geographic information system) The evaluation and normalization of the criteria maps were done simultaneously using the fuzzy method The analytical hierarchy process was used to weigh the factors The air pollution zonation map was prepared in the environment of Edisi and using the Vikor method According to The results obtained from the model, the direction of West, North- west and The Central Part of The city has the most pollution zonation In addition, according to the results of the study for preparing the air pollution zonation map in Tabriz, the usage efficiency of the membership function in the fuzzy steps and Vikor model have been approved, and according to which, using the multi variate analysis techniques lead to increased attention and speed of the work as well as the better quality and variety in the results of the study Keywords: Air pollution, Tabriz, Zoning, Model Vikor 1 *- Assistant professor of climatology, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran zeynalib@umaacir 2 - MSc of urban climatology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran 3 - PhD Student of Geomorphology, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran

Trade Patterns, Production networks, and Trade and employment in the Asia-US region

Trade Patterns, Production networks, and Trade and employment in the Asia-U region atoshi Inomata Institute of Developing Economies ETRO Development of cross-national production linkages, 1985-2005 1985