Stability of Organic Cations in Solution-Processed CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskites: Formation of Modified Surface Layers
|
|
- Godwin Terry
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Stability of Organic Cations in Solution-Processed CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskites: Formation of Modified Surface Layers A. Calloni,*, A. Abate, G. Bussetti, G. Berti, R. Yivlialin, F. Ciccacci, and L. Duò Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci, 32, 20133, Milano, Italy Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Ch. du. Musée 3, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland * corresponding author. alberto.calloni@polimi.it Figure S1 XPS Pb 4f (a), I 3d (b), N 1s (c), C 1s (d) and O 1s (e) profiles acquired from a representative as received CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 x Cl x sample spin coated on alumina. The spectra have been acquired at normal (continuous lines) and grazing (dashed lines) photoelectron emission, and are normalized to the Pb 4f spectral intensity. (f) Grazing to normal difference spectrum for the C 1s region. The two sets of spectra have been vertically offset for clarity. All spectra were analyzed by subtracting a mixed Shirley linear type background (red line), and reproducing the photoemission features with synthetic line shapes (thin blue lines, individual components; thick blue line, envelope function). This spectral analysis is shown here only for the spectra acquired at normal emission and for the difference spectrum of panel (f). 1
2 Information on the line shape analysis performed on the photoemission spectra of Figure S1 The experimental data were processed by means of the automated routines available in the CasaXPS software. 1 A mixed Shirley linear type background was first subtracted. The mixing coefficient was optimized in order to account for the slope of the background at lower binding energies (BE) and, for the I 3d (Pb 4f) spectral region, in order to give the correct 3:2 (4:3) branching ratio between the intensities of the spin orbit split peaks. The resulting spectra were reproduced with a sum of analytic profiles (GL, Gaussian- Lorentzian functions). Each profile is composed as a weighted product of a Gaussian and a Lorentzian function, approximating a Voigt line shape. 2 The weight of the Gaussian component varied from 30% for I 3d and Pb 4f to 70% for C 1s, O 1s and N 1s, in order to account for the (Gaussian) broadening due to disorder in the organic perovskite component and in (C and O containing) surface contaminants. For the Pb 4f and I 3d spectra, we could obtain satisfactory results by using symmetric GL functions. The calculated full width at half maximum (fwhm) of the photoemission line shapes is about 1.1 ev (1.4 ev) for the Pb 4f (I 3d) spectrum, in good agreement with the result expected for an instrumental broadening of about 0.9 ev and a lifetime broadening of about 0.27 ev (0.56 ev) fwhm. 3 A slight asymmetry is indeed detected on the low BE sides of the I 3d features accounting, however, for less than 1% of the total area of the main peaks. The N 1s spectrum is characterized by two features reproduced by two symmetric GL line shapes with a fwhm of about 1.6 ev. The origin of such features is thoroughly discussed in the manuscript. The interpretation of C 1s and O 1s line shapes is more complex. According to our experiment, a strong oxygen signal is detected only on the perovskite samples spin coated on alumina, and is therefore related to oxide anions and contaminants like surface hydroxyls, water molecules and/or carboxyl groups, localized on the alumina surface. The reported binding energies for those compounds range from about 531 to 534 ev, 4 compatible with the very broad (2.6 ev fwhm) and nearly symmetric line shape observed in the experiment. Similar to the O 1s case, the C 1s line shape shows a clear dependence on the perovskite substrate, due to the contribution of carbon contamination likely residing one the alumina surface. The signal characteristic of photoemission from surface species is isolated in Figure S1 by comparing the spectra acquired at grazing and normal photoelectron emission. Our procedure, in practice, leads to the subtraction of the signal due to the perovskite film from the C 1s line shape. The result (Figure S1f, black line) could be modelled as the sum of three features. The main one (about 80% of the total intensity) is related to aliphatic carbons (C C or C H), the second one (about 1.6 ev higher in energy) to alcohol functionalities (C O) while the third one (3.8 ev higher in energy) is related to carboxyl groups (O C=O). 5 According to the results presented in the main text, the C 1s spectrum acquired on the evaporated samples (Figure 2b, Si substrate ) is representative of photoemission from C species located within or at the surface of the perovskite film. No signal from oxide related species is detected (consider, for instance, the almost nil O 1s intensity reported in Figure 2a, Si substrate ). The C 1s line shape is instead characterized by a single broad peak (2.5 ev fwhm), probably encompassing the contribution from methyl carbons in various chemical environments (as expected from the presence of methylammonium ions and methylamine molecules). By mixing the two previous line shapes (contamination and methyl related, shown 2
3 in Figure S1d with dashed and continuous blue lines, respectively) it was possible to fit the C 1s spectra of spin coated samples. The photoemission results related to a representative CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 x Cl x sample spin coated on alumina and subsequently submitted to in situ ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) annealing and sputtering are now reviewed. Strong modifications are observed with XPS in the Pb 4f line shape of the sputtered surface (Figure 3 in the main text and Figure S2 below), indicative of the formation of reduced Pb 0 species, and in the relative intensity of the other photoemission features. According to Table S1, the subsequent application of sputtering and annealing treatments lowered the iodine content of the perovskite surface leading to the formation of a thin layer with a PbI 2 stoichiometry. N and C atoms from the perovskite layer were almost completely sublimated during the annealing treatment, while carbon contamination was significantly reduced only by sputtering. The photoemission signal from O species, albeit reduced by the surface treatments, was always visible in the spectra, due to the unavoidable contribution of the mesoporous alumina substrate. Table 1S Intensity ratios for the main chemical species detected by XPS on the surface of a representative spin coated CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 x Cl x sample, corrected by the elemental and orbital specific photoemission cross sections. Numerical values are reported with an accuracy of ± 0.1. We also observed a large sample to sample variability in the concentration of C and O species, related to the contribution of surface contamination and to the presence of the alumina substrate. Surface condition As-received Annealed in UHV Sputtered ~
4 Figure S2 XPS Pb 4f profiles acquired from a spin-coated CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 x Cl x sample annealed for 1 h at 150 C (red line) and sputtered after the annealing (green line), normalized to the intensity of the Pb 2+ component. The line shape analysis of the spectrum acquired on the sputtered surface is shown with green lines (dashed line, Pb 2+ component; dotted line, Pb 0 component; dash dotted line, envelope function). The result of the numerical analysis is validated by comparing the shape of the Pb 0 component to the difference spectrum (black line) obtained by subtracting the spectrum from the annealed sample to the one of the sputtered sample. The spectra have been vertically offset for clarity. Figure S3 UPS valence band of a representative as-received CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 x Cl x perovskite sample produced by spin coating. Black (red) dots: spectrum acquired with He I (He II) photons. The spectra have been vertically offset for clarity. Black and red vertical bars mark the features associated with photoemission from N and C containing species and metal halides, respectively. The slight differences observed between the He I and He II spectra are mainly due to variations in the photoemission crosssections 6 and in the inelastic mean free path of photoelectrons at the two photon energies. 7 In the inset: a close up of the He I spectrum, plotted with a logarithmic vertical scale, 8 in the BE region close to the 4
5 Fermi energy (E F ). The position of the valence band maximum is estimated according to the graphical method of ref 8. (1) Fairley, N. CasaXPS (2) Evans, S. Curve Synthesis and Optimization Procedures for X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Surf. Interface Anal. 1991, 17, (3) Campbell, J. L.; Papp, T. Widths of the Atomic K N 7 Levels. At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 2001, 77, (4) Beamson, G.; Briggs, D. High Resolution XPS of Organic Polymers - The Scienta ESCA300 Database; John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, (5) McCafferty, E.; Wightman, J. P. Determination of the Concentration of Surface Hydroxyl Groups on Metal Oxide Films by a Quantitative XPS Method. Surf. Interface Anal. 1998, 26, (6) Yeh, J. J.; Lindau, I. Atomic Subshell Photoionization Cross Sections and Asymmetry Parameters: 1 Z 103. At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 1985, 32, (7) Tanuma, S.; Powell, C. J.; Penn, D. R. Calculations of Electron Inelastic Mean Free Paths. V. Data for 14 Organic Compounds over the ev Range. Surf. Interface Anal. 1994, 21, (8) Schulz, P.; Edri, E.; Kirmayer, S.; Hodes, G.; Cahen, D.; Kahn, A. Interface Energetics in Organo- Metal Halide Perovskite-Based Photovoltaic Cells. Energy Environ. Sci. 2014, 7, Complete author list for references 34 and 43 in the main text (34) Brambilla, A.; Calloni, A.; Aluicio-Sardui, E.; Berti, G.; Kan, Z.; Beaupré, S.; Leclerc, M.; Butt, H.- J.; Floudas, G.; Keivanidis, P. E.; Duò L. X-Ray Photoemission Spectroscopy Study of Vertical Phase Separation in F8BT:PDI/ITO Films for Photovoltaic Applications. In SPIE NanoScience + Engineering; Banerji, N., Hayes, S. C., Silva, C., Eds.; International Society for Optics and Photonics: Bellingham, WA, 2014; pp 91650C/ C/9. (43) Kim, H.-S.; Lee, C.-R.; Im, J.-H.; Lee, K.-B.; Moehl, T.; Marchioro, A.; Moon, S.-J.; Humphry-Baker, R.; Yum, J.-H.; Moser, J. E.; Grätzel, M.; Park, N.-G. Lead Iodide Perovskite Sensitized All-Solid- State Submicron Thin Film Mesoscopic Solar Cell with Efficiency Exceeding 9%. Sci. Rep. 2012, 2, 591/1 591/7. 5
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Substrate-dependent electronic structure and film formation of MAPbI3 perovskites Selina Olthof* and Klaus Meerholz* Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Luxemburger
More informationDirect Observation of an Inhomogeneous Chlorine Distribution in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3-x Cl x Layers: Surface Depletion and Interface Enrichment
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Energy & Environmental Science. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Direct Observation of an Inhomogeneous Chlorine Distribution in CH 3 NH 3
More informationElectronic Supplementary Information for
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry A. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Electronic Supplementary Information for Hybrid organic inorganic solar
More informationX-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)-2
X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)-2 Louis Scudiero http://www.wsu.edu/~scudiero; 5-2669 Fulmer 261A Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) The 3 step model: 1.Optical excitation 2.Transport
More informationElectronic Supplementary Information. Benjia Dou,, Vanessa L. Pool, Michael F. Toney *,, Maikel F.A.M. van Hest *,
Electronic Supplementary Information Radiative Thermal Annealing/in Situ X-ray Diffraction Study of Methylammonium Lead Triiodide: Effect of Antisolvent, Humidity, Annealing Temperature Profile, and Film
More informationLecture 7 Chemical/Electronic Structure of Glass
Lecture 7 Chemical/Electronic Structure of Glass Syllabus Topic 6. Electronic spectroscopy studies of glass structure Fundamentals and Applications of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) a.k.a. Electron
More informationX-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Prof. Paul K. Chu
X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Prof. Paul K. Chu X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Introduction Qualitative analysis Quantitative analysis Charging compensation Small area analysis and XPS imaging
More informationPerovskite solar cells
IMO - IMOMEC INSTITUUT VOOR MATERIAALONDERZOEK Perovskite solar cells dr. ir. Bert Conings bert.conings@uhasselt.be state-of-the-art http://www.nrel.gov/ncpv/images/efficiency_chart.jpg outline! introduction!
More informationSpectro-microscopic photoemission evidence of surface dissociation and charge uncompensated areas in Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 (001) layers
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. This journal is the Owner Societies 2014 Electronic Supplementary Information - Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. Spectro-microscopic
More informationX-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)-2
X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)-2 Louis Scudiero http://www.wsu.edu/~pchemlab ; 5-2669 Fulmer 261A Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) The 3 step model: 1.Optical excitation 2.Transport
More informationSupplementary Figure 1. Visible (λ = 633 nm) Raman spectra of a-co x layers. (a) Raman spectra of
a In te n s ity [a.u.] c In te n s ity [a.u.] 6 4 2 4 3 2 1 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 p O 2 3.5 1,5 3, 4,5 R a m a n s h ift [c m -1 ] p ris tin e 1 o C 2 o C 3 o C 4 o C 5 o C b d In te n s ity [a.u.] In te n s ity
More informationLecture 5. X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy (XPS)
Lecture 5 X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy (XPS) 5. Photoemission Spectroscopy (XPS) 5. Principles 5.2 Interpretation 5.3 Instrumentation 5.4 XPS vs UV Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS) 5.5 Auger Electron
More informationIntroduction to X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) XPS which makes use of the photoelectric effect, was developed in the mid-1960
Introduction to X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), also known as Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) is a widely used technique to investigate
More informationSupplementary Figure 1 Scheme image of GIXD set-up. The scheme image of slot die
Supplementary Figure 1 Scheme image of GIXD set-up. The scheme image of slot die printing system combined with grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) set-up. 1 Supplementary Figure 2 2D GIXD images
More informationSupplementary Figure S1. AFM characterizations and topographical defects of h- BN films on silica substrates. (a) (c) show the AFM height
Supplementary Figure S1. AFM characterizations and topographical defects of h- BN films on silica substrates. (a) (c) show the AFM height topographies of h-bn film in a size of ~1.5µm 1.5µm, 30µm 30µm
More informationSupplementary Figure 1 XRD pattern of a defective TiO 2 thin film deposited on an FTO/glass substrate, along with an XRD pattern of bare FTO/glass
Supplementary Figure 1 XRD pattern of a defective TiO 2 thin film deposited on an FTO/glass substrate, along with an XRD pattern of bare FTO/glass and a reference pattern of anatase TiO 2 (JSPDS No.: 21-1272).
More informationLecture 12 Multiplet splitting
Lecture 12 Multiplet splitting Multiplet splitting Atomic various L and S terms Both valence and core levels Rare earths Transition metals Paramagnetic free molecules Consider 3s level emission from Mn2+
More informationReduced preferential sputtering of TiO 2 (and Ta 2 O 5 ) thin films through argon cluster ion bombardment.
NATIOMEM Reduced preferential sputtering of TiO 2 (and Ta 2 O 5 ) thin films through argon cluster ion bombardment. R. Grilli *, P. Mack, M.A. Baker * * University of Surrey, UK ThermoFisher Scientific
More informationThe active background method in XPS data peak-fitting
CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y DE ESTUDIOS AVANZADOS DEL IPN UNIDAD QUERÉTARO Internal Report (Created: 3/2011. Last Update: 9/2012) The active background method in XPS data peak-fitting Alberto Herrera-Gomez
More informationOrigin of Metallic States at Heterointerface between Band Insulators LaAlO 3 and SrTiO 3
Origin of Metallic States at Heterointerface between Band Insulators LaAlO 3 and SrTiO 3 K. Yoshimatsu 1, R. Yasuhara 1, H. Kumigashira 1, 2, *, and M. Oshima 1, 2 1 Department of Applied Chemistry, University
More informationAdvanced Lab Course. X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 BASICS 1 3 EXPERIMENT Qualitative analysis Chemical Shifts 7
Advanced Lab Course X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy M210 As of: 2015-04-01 Aim: Chemical analysis of surfaces. Content 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 BASICS 1 3 EXPERIMENT 3 3.1 Qualitative analysis 6 3.2 Chemical
More informationQUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (1) For a ground - state neutral atom with 13 protons, describe (a) Which element this is (b) The quantum numbers, n, and l of the inner two core electrons (c) The stationary state
More informationPhotoelectron Peak Intensities in Solids
Photoelectron Peak Intensities in Solids Electronic structure of solids Photoelectron emission through solid Inelastic scattering Other excitations Intrinsic and extrinsic Shake-up, shake-down and shake-off
More informationXps Study of the Oxidation State of Uranium Dioxide
https://doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2017.51022 Xps Study of the Oxidation State of Uranium Dioxide J A LÓPEZ 1*, C DÍAZ MORENO 1, J MURILLO 2 AND L ECHEGOYEN 2 1 Department of Physics, University of Texas at
More informationstructure and paramagnetic character R. Kakavandi, S-A. Savu, A. Caneschi, T. Chassé, M. B. Casu Electronic Supporting Information
At the interface between organic radicals and TiO 2 (110) single crystals: electronic structure and paramagnetic character R. Kakavandi, S-A. Savu, A. Caneschi, T. Chassé, M. B. Casu Electronic Supporting
More informationIntensity / a.u. 2 theta / deg. MAPbI 3. 1:1 MaPbI 3-x. Cl x 3:1. Supplementary figures
Intensity / a.u. Supplementary figures 110 MAPbI 3 1:1 MaPbI 3-x Cl x 3:1 220 330 0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 2 theta / deg Supplementary Fig. 1 X-ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns of MAPbI3 and MAPbI 3-x Cl
More informationSupplementary Figure 1 PtLuSb RHEED and sample structure before and after capping layer
Supplementary Figure 1 PtLuSb RHEED and sample structure before and after capping layer desorption. a, Reflection high-energy electron diffraction patterns of the 18 nm PtLuSb film prior to deposition
More informationName: (a) What core levels are responsible for the three photoelectron peaks in Fig. 1?
Physics 243A--Surface Physics of Materials: Spectroscopy Final Examination December 16, 2014 (3 problems, 100 points total, open book, open notes and handouts) Name: [1] (50 points), including Figures
More information0.8 b
k z (Å -1 ).8 a.6 - - -.6 1 3 q CDW.5 1. FS weight -.8 -.8 -.8.8 b.6 1 3 - - -.6 -.8.1.3-1 -1 DOS (states ev u.c. ) -1 Band Energy (evu.c. ) 4 3 1 55 54 53 5 c d w/ CDW w/o CDW -.6 - - E Supplementary
More informationXPS o ESCA UPS. Photoemission Spectroscopies. Threshold Spectroscopies (NEXAFS, APS etc ) The physics of photoemission.
XPS o ESCA Photoemission Spectroscopies UPS Threshold Spectroscopies (NEXAFS, APS etc ) The physics of photoemission. How are photoemission spectra recorded: sources and analyzers Semi-quantitative analysis.
More informationInvestigating the Effect of Pyridine Vapor Treatment on Perovskite Solar Cells
SLAC-WP-120 Investigating the Effect of Pyridine Vapor Treatment on Perovskite Solar Cells Alison J. Ong Office of Science, Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internship (SULI) Program This work was supported
More informationOrgano-metal halide perovskite-based solar cells with CuSCN as inorganic hole selective contact
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry A. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 214 Organo-metal halide perovskite-based solar cells with CuSCN as inorganic
More informationCapturing Energy from the Sun. Solar Cells Solar Thermal Solar Fuels Bioenergy
Capturing Energy from the Sun Solar Cells Solar Thermal Solar Fuels Bioenergy Installed PV Cost Breakdown a Globally, module prices are between $0.60-0.90/W depending on tariffs In the US, non-module costs
More informationSupporting Information. for. Advanced Materials, adma Wiley-VCH 2005
Supporting Information for Advanced Materials, adma.200501482 Wiley-VCH 2005 69451 Weinheim, Germany Supplementary Material Characterization of SAMs The HBCS monolayers were characterized by XPS, NEXAFS
More informationAtmospheric pressure Plasma Enhanced CVD for large area deposition of TiO 2-x electron transport layers for PV. Heather M. Yates
Atmospheric pressure Plasma Enhanced CVD for large area deposition of TiO 2-x electron transport layers for PV Heather M. Yates Why the interest? Perovskite solar cells have shown considerable promise
More informationUnderstanding electron energy loss mechanisms in EUV resists using EELS and first-principles calculations
Understanding electron energy loss mechanisms in EUV resists using EELS and first-principles calculations Robert Bartynski Sylvie Rangan Department of Physics & Astronomy and Laboratory for Surface Modification
More informationAsymmetry of Peaks in the XPS of Polymers
Asymmetry of Peaks in the XPS of Polymers When a photon is absorbed by a material, the energy transferred may cause the excitation of both the electronic and atomic structure of the compounds on the surface.
More informationUltra-High Vacuum Synthesis of Strain-Controlled Model. Pt(111)-Shell Layers: Surface Strain and Oxygen Reduction
Supporting Information Ultra-High Vacuum Synthesis of Strain-Controlled Model Pt(111)-Shell Layers: Surface Strain and Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity Soma Kaneko 1, Rikiya Myochi 1, Shuntaro Takahashi
More informationX- ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and its application in phase- switching device study
X- ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and its application in phase- switching device study Xinyuan Wang A53073806 I. Background X- ray photoelectron spectroscopy is of great importance in modern chemical and
More informationThe design of an integrated XPS/Raman spectroscopy instrument for co-incident analysis
The design of an integrated XPS/Raman spectroscopy instrument for co-incident analysis Tim Nunney The world leader in serving science 2 XPS Surface Analysis XPS +... UV Photoelectron Spectroscopy UPS He(I)
More informationX-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) As part of the course Characterization of Catalysts and Surfaces Prof. Dr. Markus Ammann Paul Scherrer Institut markus.ammann@psi.ch Resource for further reading:
More informationA Beginners Guide to XPS
A Beginners Guide to XPS XPS Instrumentation Figure 1: Schematic of an XPS instrument. Photoemission occurs when photon energy is transferred to electrons within bound-states of atoms causing the electron
More informationSurface and Interface Characterization of Polymer Films
Surface and Interface Characterization of Polymer Films Jeff Shallenberger, Evans Analytical Group 104 Windsor Center Dr., East Windsor NJ Copyright 2013 Evans Analytical Group Outline Introduction to
More informationSupplementary Figure 1 Two-dimensional map of the spin-orbit coupling correction to the scalar-relativistic DFT/LDA band gap. The calculations were
Supplementary Figure 1 Two-dimensional map of the spin-orbit coupling correction to the scalar-relativistic DFT/LDA band gap. The calculations were performed for the Platonic model of PbI 3 -based perovskites
More informationPhotocatalysis: semiconductor physics
Photocatalysis: semiconductor physics Carlos J. Tavares Center of Physics, University of Minho, Portugal ctavares@fisica.uminho.pt www.fisica.uminho.pt 1 Guimarães Where do I come from? 3 Guimarães 4 Introduction>>
More informationHalf-Integer Quantum Conductance States
Supporting Information A 50 mv Cu/SiO /W Memristor with Half-Integer Quantum Conductance States S. R. Nandakumar, Marie Minvielle, Saurabh Nagar, Catherine Dubourdieu, and Bipin Rajendran, Department of
More informationAn Introduction to Auger Electron Spectroscopy
An Introduction to Auger Electron Spectroscopy Spyros Diplas MENA3100 SINTEF Materials & Chemistry, Department of Materials Physics & Centre of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry,
More informationEnergy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit (EMSS), Okinawa Institute of Science and
Supporting Information Interfacial Modification of Perovskite Solar Cells Using an Ultrathin MAI Layer Leads to Enhanced Energy Level Alignment, Efficiencies, and Reproducibility Zafer Hawash, Sonia R.
More information(002)(110) (004)(220) (222) (112) (211) (202) (200) * * 2θ (degree)
Supplementary Figures. (002)(110) Tetragonal I4/mcm Intensity (a.u) (004)(220) 10 (112) (211) (202) 20 Supplementary Figure 1. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the sample. The XRD characterization indicates
More informationIV. Surface analysis for chemical state, chemical composition
IV. Surface analysis for chemical state, chemical composition Probe beam Detect XPS Photon (X-ray) Photoelectron(core level electron) UPS Photon (UV) Photoelectron(valence level electron) AES electron
More informationAdvantages of coincident XPS-Raman in the analysis of mineral oxides species
APPLICATION NOTE Advantages of coincident XPS-Raman in the analysis of mineral oxides species No. AN52950 Authors: Jon Treacy, Thermo Fisher Scientific, East Grinstead, Great Britain and Robert Heintz,
More informationNovel Inorganic-Organic Perovskites for Solution Processed Photovoltaics. PIs: Mike McGehee and Hema Karunadasa
Novel Inorganic-Organic Perovskites for Solution Processed Photovoltaics PIs: Mike McGehee and Hema Karunadasa 1 Perovskite Solar Cells are Soaring Jul 2013 Grätzel, EPFL 15% Nov 2014 KRICT 20.1%! Seok,
More informationElectron Spectroscopy
Electron Spectroscopy Photoelectron spectroscopy is based upon a single photon in/electron out process. The energy of a photon is given by the Einstein relation : E = h ν where h - Planck constant ( 6.62
More informationSupporting Information for: Iodine Migration and Degradation of Perovskite Solar Cells Enhanced by. Metallic Electrodes
Supporting Information for: Iodine Migration and Degradation of Perovskite Solar Cells Enhanced by Metallic Electrodes Cristina Besleaga +, Laura Elena Abramiuc +#, Viorica Stancu +, Andrei Gabriel Tomulescu
More informationElectron momentum spectroscopy of metals
Electron momentum spectroscopy of metals M. Vos, A.S. Kheifets and E. Weigold Atomic and Molecular Physics Laboratories, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Australian, National University
More informationHybrid Perovskite/Perovskite Heterojunction Solar
Hybrid Perovskite/Perovskite Heterojunction Solar Cells Supporting Information Yinghong Hu 1, Johannes Schlipf 2, Michael Wussler 3, Michiel L. Petrus 1, Wolfram Jaegermann 3, Thomas Bein 1, Peter Müller-Buschbaum
More informationIon sputtering yield coefficients from In thin films bombarded by different energy Ar + ions
Ion sputtering yield coefficients from thin films bombarded by different energy Ar + ions MJ Madito, H Swart and JJ Terblans 1 Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.. Box 339, Bloemfontein,
More informationSupporting Information The Roles of Alkyl Halide Additives in Enhancing Perovskite Solar Cell Performance
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry A. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Supporting Information The Roles of Alkyl Halide Additives in Enhancing
More informationSupporting Information. Zn 2 SnO 4 -based photoelectrodes for organolead halide perovskite solar cells
Supporting Information Zn 2 SnO 4 -based photoelectrodes for organolead halide perovskite solar cells Lee Seul Oh, 1,2, Dong Hoe Kim, 3, Jin-Ah Lee, 1 Seong Sik Shin, 3 Jin-Wook Lee, 4 Ik Jae Park, 1,3
More informationEfficient Grain Boundary Suture by Low-cost Tetra-ammonium Zinc Phthalocyanine for Stable Perovskite Solar Cells with Expanded Photo-response
Supporting information for Efficient Grain Boundary Suture by Low-cost Tetra-ammonium Zinc Phthalocyanine for Stable Perovskite Solar Cells with Expanded Photo-response Jing Cao 1,*,, Congping Li 1,, Xudong
More informationElectron Rutherford Backscattering, a versatile tool for the study of thin films
Electron Rutherford Backscattering, a versatile tool for the study of thin films Maarten Vos Research School of Physics and Engineering Australian National University Canberra Australia Acknowledgements:
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
Supporting Online Material for Lead-Free Solid State Organic-Inorganic Halide Perovskite Solar Cells Feng Hao, 1 Constantinos C. Stoumpos, 1 Hanh Cao, 1 Robert P. H. Chang, 2 Mercouri G. Kanatzidis 1*
More informationfor XPS surface analysis
Thermo Scientific Avantage XPS Software Powerful instrument operation and data processing for XPS surface analysis Avantage Software Atomic Concentration (%) 100 The premier software for surface analysis
More informationThe Role of the Selective Contacts in the Performance of Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
SUPPORTING INFORMATION The Role of the Selective Contacts in the Performance of Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells Emilio J. Juarez-Perez, 1 Michael Wuβler, 1, 2 Francisco Fabregat-Santiago, 1 Kerstin
More informationX-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Louis Scudiero http://www.wsu.edu/~scudiero; 5-2669 Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) The basic principle of the photoelectric effect was enunciated
More informationSupplementary Information
Supplementary Information Size-Tuning of WSe 2 Flakes for High Efficiency Inverted Organic Solar Cells George Kakavelakis 1,, Antonio Esau Del Rio Castillo 2,, Vittorio Pellegrini 2, Alberto Ansaldo 2,
More informationSpin-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy
Spin-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy Application Notes Spin-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy experiments were performed in an experimental station consisting of an analysis and a preparation chamber.
More informationarxiv: v1 [cond-mat.supr-con] 29 Mar 2017
Element-Specific Orbital Character in a Nearly-Free-Electron Superconductor Ag 5 Pb 2 O 6 Revealed by Core-Level Photoemission arxiv:1703.09900v1 [cond-mat.supr-con] 29 Mar 2017 Soobin Sinn 1,2, Kyung
More informationSupplementary Figure S1. Verifying the CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3-x Cl x sensitized TiO 2 coating UV-vis spectrum of the solution obtained by dissolving the
Supplementary Figure S1. Verifying the CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3-x Cl x sensitized TiO 2 coating UV-vis spectrum of the solution obtained by dissolving the spiro-ometad from a perovskite-filled mesoporous TiO 2
More informationSupporting Information. Surface-Enhanced Polymerization via Schiff-base Coupling. at the Solid-Water Interface under ph-control. and Claudio Goletti d
Supporting Information Surface-Enhanced Polymerization via Schiff-base Coupling at the Solid-Water Interface under ph-control Marco Di Giovannantonio, a,b Tomasz Kosmala, a,c Beatrice Bonanni, d Giulia
More informationAn introduction to X- ray photoelectron spectroscopy
An introduction to X- ray photoelectron spectroscopy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy belongs to a broad class of spectroscopic techniques, collectively called, electron spectroscopy. In general terms,
More informationSupplementary Figure 1. Cross-section SEM image of the polymer scaffold perovskite film using MAI:PbI 2 =1:1 in DMF solvent on the FTO/glass
Supplementary Figure 1. Cross-section SEM image of the polymer scaffold perovskite film using MAI:PbI 2 =1:1 in DMF solvent on the FTO/glass substrate. Scale bar: 1 m. Supplementary Figure 2. Contact angle
More informationand Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, , P. R. China. *Corresponding author. ciac - Shanghai P. R.
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry A. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry Supplementary Information For Journal of Materials Chemistry A Perovskite- @BiVO
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Perovskite solar cells employing organic charge transport layers Olga Malinkiewicz, Aswani Yella, Yong Hui Lee, Guillermo Mínguez Espallargas, Michael Graetzel, Mohammad K. Nazeeruddin*
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
Supplementary Information Efficient inorganic-organic hybrid heterojunction solar cells containing perovskite compound and polymeric hole conductors Jin Hyuck Heo, Sang Hyuk Im, Jun Hong Noh, Tarak N.
More informationTitle of file for HTML: Supplementary Information Description: Supplementary Figures and Supplementary References
Title of file for HTML: Supplementary Information Description: Supplementary Figures and Supplementary References Supplementary Figure 1. SEM images of perovskite single-crystal patterned thin film with
More information5) Surface photoelectron spectroscopy. For MChem, Spring, Dr. Qiao Chen (room 3R506) University of Sussex.
For MChem, Spring, 2009 5) Surface photoelectron spectroscopy Dr. Qiao Chen (room 3R506) http://www.sussex.ac.uk/users/qc25/ University of Sussex Today s topics 1. Element analysis with XPS Binding energy,
More informationX-ray photoelectron spectroscopic characterization of molybdenum nitride thin films
Korean J. Chem. Eng., 28(4), 1133-1138 (2011) DOI: 10.1007/s11814-011-0036-2 INVITED REVIEW PAPER X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic characterization of molybdenum nitride thin films Jeong-Gil Choi Department
More informationHigh Resolution Photoemission Study of the Spin-Dependent Band Structure of Permalloy and Ni
High Resolution Photoemission Study of the Spin-Dependent Band Structure of Permalloy and Ni K. N. Altmann, D. Y. Petrovykh, and F. J. Himpsel Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1150
More informationInfluence of Hot Spot Heating on Stability of. Conversion Efficiency of ~14%
Influence of Hot Spot Heating on Stability of Large Size Perovskite Solar Module with a Power Conversion Efficiency of ~14% Kunpeng Li, Junyan Xiao, Xinxin Yu, Tongle Bu, Tianhui Li, Xi Deng, Sanwan Liu,
More informationIodine chemistry determines the defect tolerance of leadhalide
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Energy & Environmental Science. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Iodine chemistry determines the defect tolerance of leadhalide perovskites
More informationPhoton Interaction. Spectroscopy
Photon Interaction Incident photon interacts with electrons Core and Valence Cross Sections Photon is Adsorbed Elastic Scattered Inelastic Scattered Electron is Emitted Excitated Dexcitated Stöhr, NEXAPS
More informationShu Hu 1,2, Matthias H. Richter 1,2, Michael F. Lichterman 1,2, Joseph Beardslee 2,4, Thomas Mayer 5, Bruce S. Brunschwig 1 and Nathan S.
Supporting Information for: Electrical, Photoelectrochemical and Photoelectron Spectroscopic Investigation of the Interfacial Transport and Energetics of Amorphous TiO 2 /Si Heterojunctions Shu Hu 1,2,
More informationSupplementary Figure 1. Film thickness measurement. (a) AFM images of the perovskite
Supplementary Figure 1. Film thickness measurement. (a) AFM images of the perovskite film with a straight edge which was created by scratching with a tweezer. (b) Profile along the line highlighted in
More informationAuger Electron Spectroscopy (AES)
1. Introduction Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) Silvia Natividad, Gabriel Gonzalez and Arena Holguin Auger Electron Spectroscopy (Auger spectroscopy or AES) was developed in the late 1960's, deriving
More informationCharacterization of Secondary Emission Materials for Micro-Channel Plates. S. Jokela, I. Veryovkin, A. Zinovev
Characterization of Secondary Emission Materials for Micro-Channel Plates S. Jokela, I. Veryovkin, A. Zinovev Secondary Electron Yield Testing Technique We have incorporated XPS, UPS, Ar-ion sputtering,
More informationNanoEngineering of Hybrid Carbon Nanotube Metal Composite Materials for Hydrogen Storage Anders Nilsson
NanoEngineering of Hybrid Carbon Nanotube Metal Composite Materials for Hydrogen Storage Anders Nilsson Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) and Stockholm University Coworkers and Ackowledgement
More informationFunctional Group Adsorption on Calcite: I. Oxygen Containing and Nonpolar Organic Molecules
SUPPORTING INFORMATION Functional Group Adsorption on Calcite: I. Oxygen Containing and Nonpolar Organic Molecules E. Ataman*, M. P. Andersson, M. Ceccato, N. Bovet, S. L. S. Stipp Nano-Science Center,
More informationX-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Louis Scudiero http://www.wsu.edu/~scudiero; 5-2669 Fulmer 261A Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) The basic principle of the photoelectric effect
More informationAn XPS study on the surface reduction of V 2 O 5 (001) induced by Ar + ion bombardment
Surface Science () 351 3517 www.elsevier.com/locate/susc n XPS study on the surface reduction of (1) induced by r + ion bombardment Geert Silversmit a, *, Diederik Depla a, Hilde Poelman a, Guy. Marin
More informationAuger Electron Spectrometry. EMSE-515 F. Ernst
Auger Electron Spectrometry EMSE-515 F. Ernst 1 Principle of AES electron or photon in, electron out radiation-less transition Auger electron electron energy properties of atom 2 Brief History of Auger
More informationSupporting Information. Re-Investigation of the Alleged Formation of CoSi Nanoparticles on Silica. Van An Du, Silvia Gross and Ulrich Schubert
Supporting Information Re-Investigation of the Alleged Formation of CoSi Nanoparticles on Silica Van An Du, Silvia Gross and Ulrich Schubert Experimental All manipulations were carried out under an atmosphere
More informationSupporting Information
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for ChemComm. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Supporting Information In situ and real-time ToF-SIMS analysis of light-induced chemical changes
More informationCore Level Spectroscopies
Core Level Spectroscopies Spectroscopies involving core levels are element-sensitive, and that makes them very useful for understanding chemical bonding, as well as for the study of complex materials.
More informationWater clustering on nanostructured iron oxide films
ARTICLE Received 12 May 2013 Accepted 22 May 2014 Published 30 Jun 2014 Water clustering on nanostructured iron oxide films Lindsay R. Merte1,2, Ralf Bechstein1, W. Guowen Peng3, Felix Rieboldt1, Carrie
More informationHole Conductor Free Perovskitebased
SPRINGER BRIEFS IN APPLIED SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY Lioz Etgar Hole Conductor Free Perovskitebased Solar Cells 123 SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology More information about this series at
More informationSupporting Information. Chlorine in PbCl 2 -Derived Hybrid-Perovskite Solar Absorbers
Supporting Information Chlorine in PbCl 2 -Derived Hybrid-Perovskite Solar Absorbers Vanessa L. Pool, Aryeh Gold-Parker, Michael D. McGehee and Michael F. Toney * SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory,
More informationApplication of Surface Analysis for Root Cause Failure Analysis
Application of Surface Analysis for Root Cause Failure Analysis David A. Cole Evans Analytical Group East Windsor, NJ Specialists in Materials Characterization Outline Introduction X-Ray Photoelectron
More informationTemperature-dependent templated growth of porphine thin films on the (111) facets of copper and silver Supporting Information
Temperature-dependent templated growth of porphine thin films on the (111) facets of copper and silver Supporting Information Katharina Diller, Florian Klappenberger, Francesco Allegretti, Anthoula C.
More informationThe photoelectric effect
The photoelectric effect E K hν-e B E F hν E B A photoemission experiment Lifetime broadening ΔE.Δτ~ħ ΔE~ħ/Δτ + Experimental resolution Hüfner, Photoelectron Spectroscopy (Springer) A photoemission experiment
More information