A CTA GEO GRA PH ICA S IN ICA

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1 A CTA GEO GRA PH ICA S IN ICA V o l. 56, N o. 1 Jan., 2001 : (2001) , 2 (11, ; 21, ) :,,,,, 17,,,, : ; ; ; : F292 : A 1, ( ), [1 5 ],,,,,, [6 ] ; [7 14 ] ;, [15 18 ],,,, 2,,, 3 : ; : : ( ) [Foundation Item: N ational N atural Science Foundation of China, N o ] : (19392 ),,, E2m ail: eesxxq@zsu1edu1cn

2 1 : 55,,,, 9,, 3 ( 1) 3,, 3 20,, ; 48,, Tab11 Guangzhou s set of indicators for urban susta inable developmen t,,,,,,,, GD P, GD P,,, GD P, GD P,, GD P, GD P, GD P, GD P, GD P,,,,,,,,, 3 :, ; ;,,,

3 56 56 ( ) ;,,,,, : Im, Im = n A jx j (221) j= 1, n A, X,, 3, : L I = n B jx j (222) j= 1 L I ; n, 3; X j ; B,,, ;, : D I = X 1 X 2 - X 1 X 1 X 2 - X 1 D I (223) D I ; X 1 X 2, ;, ;, : C I = x + y + z x 2 + y 2 + z 2 (224) C I ; x y z,,, 3, ,

4 1 : , ( 1) , , 7%, 5 : ( ),,,,,,,, , ;,, , 01049, , ,,,, , 5176%,, ( ),,,, , ,,, ,,,,, 1987, F ig11 Changes of Guangzhou s environm antal, econom ic ans social sustainable indexes and level index ( )

5 (12 3 ),,,, , ( ),,,,, 1991,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,, , 1991,,,, ( ) 1992,,,,, 32,,, , ,,,, ( ), ;,,,,,, ,, 1996,,,, 1980

6 1 : 59 5, [28 ], 312 1, 2, Tab12 The correlation exten t of env ironmen tal,, 2 econom ic and soc ial susta inable indexes 2, ( ),,,, ;,,,, ( ), (01625),,,,, 2,,,,, 2 F ig12 L inear sim ulation of the trends of Guangzhou s social and econom ic sustainable indexes 313 ( 3) ; ; ;,,,,

7 60 56, F ig13 Changes of the indexes of Guangzhou s environm ental, econom ic and social subsystem s and the overall urban developm ent index ( ) 314 ( 4),, F ig14 Changes of Guangzhou s coo rdination index ( ) of urban sustainable developm ent 4,,,,,, ;,,

8 1 : 61 ; 20 90,, 1994,,,, [19, 20 ],,,,,,, (References) : [ 1 ] P ro ject T eam fo r Strategic Studies on Ch inese C ities D evelopm ent into the 21st Century. Som e strategic issues in the developm ent of Ch inese C ities into the N ew Century[J ]. C ity P lanning R ev iew, 1997, 21 (1): [J ]., 1997, 21 (1): ] ( In Ch inese) [ [ 2 ] Beijing P lanning Comm ittee. Imp lem enting the 21st Century A genda of Ch ina, carrying fo rw ard the experim ental p ro jects aim ing at m etropo litan sustainable developm ent[j ]. Ch ina P op u lation, R esou rce and E nv irom ent, 1997, 7 (1) ( In Ch inese) [. 21,., 1997, 7 (1): ] [ 3 ] L i Hongw ei. Study on the urban sustainable developm ent and som e consideration on the sustainable developm ent of Guangzhou [J ]. Guang z hou U rban P lanning, 1995, 2: 1212., 1995, 2: ] ( In Ch inese) [.. [ 4 ] A tk inson A. A re th ird wo rld m egacities sustainable? Jabo tabek as an examp le [J ]. J ou rnal of International D evelopm ent, 1993, 5 (6): [5 ] Chow dhury et al. U rban Sustainability in the T h ird W o rld: a R eview of the L iterature[m ]. W innipeg: the U niversity of W innipeg, Institute of urban Studies, [ 6 ] Q u Futian. Evaluation of sustainable developm ent: som e theo retical app roaches[j ]. Ch ina P op u lation, R esou rce and E nv ironm ent, 1997, 7 (1): ( In Ch inese) [. [J ]., 1997, 7 (1): ] [7 ] M aclaren V W. U rban sustainability repo rting[j ]. F oreig n U rban P lanning, 1997, ( In Ch inese) [. [J ]., 1997, 2: ] [ 8 ] Cao L ijun, W ang H uadong. A study on the p rincip le and m ethod of installation of sustainable developm ent assessm ent index [J ]. A cta S cientae C ircum stantiae, 1998, 18 (5): [J ]., 1998, 18 (5): ] ( In Ch inese) [,. [9 ] Chen Ying. Study on the Indications of Sustainable developm ent and International Comparison [J ]. W orld E conomy, 1997, 6: ( In Ch inese) [. [J ]., 1997, 6: ] [10 ] H airet T ursun, W ang H uadong, W ang L ihong et al. T he comp rehensive evaluation m ethod of urban sustainable developm ent [J ]. Ch ina P op u lation, R esou rce and E nv ironm ent, 1997, 7 (2): [J ]., 1997, 7 (2): ] ( In Ch inese) [,,. [ 11 ] Hou X iangyang, X iao P ing. Survey on building m ethod of indications of sustainable developm ent[j ]. E cology S cience, 1998, 17 (2) ( In Ch inese) [,. [J ]., 1998, 17 (2): ] [ 12 ] Yang X ianzh i, Fang L ei, Q in Peifen. A comparsion research betw een Shanghai and o ther m etropo lises: econom ic, social and environm ental developm ent[j ]. S hang hai E nv ironm ental S cience, 1996, 15 (8): 123. ( In Ch inese) [,,.., 1996, 15 (8): 123. ] [13 ] Ye W enhu, Gong Chuan. A review on the UN Evaluation Indicato r System s fo r sustainable developm ent [J ]. Ch ina P op u lation, R esou rce and E nv ironm ent, 1997, 3: , 1997, 3: ] ( In Ch inese) [,. [J ].

9 62 56 [14 ] B i Jun, Zhang Shen, T ang Yijian et al. A n evaluation model of sustainability and its app lication [J ]. Ch inese E nv ironm ental S cience, 1998, 18 (sup. ): ( In Ch inese) [,,. [J ]., 1998, 18 ( ): ] [15 ] H u D an. A n indicating fram ewo rk fo r eco system sustainability[j ]. Ch inese J ou rnal of A pp lication E cology, 1997, 8 (2): ( In Ch inese) [. [J ]., 1997, 8 (2): ] [ 16 ] Kuang Yaoqiu, Sun D azhong. O n the R esource - carrying - capacity - based Evaluation M odel fo r R egional Sustainable Developm nent: A P relim inary Evaluation on the Sustainable Developm ent of the Pearl R iver Delta Econom ic Zone [J ]. R edai Geog rap hy, 1998, 3: ( In Ch inese) [,.., 1998, 3: ] [17 ] T ang J ianw u, Guo H uaicheng, Ye W enhu. Environm ental bearing capacity and its app lication on environm ental p lanning[j ]. Ch ina E nv ironm ental S cience, 1997, 17 (1): 629. [J ]., 1997, 17 (1): 629. ] ( In Ch inese) [,,. [ 18 ] BattyM. C ities and comp lexity: imp lication fo r modelling sustainability [A ]. In: B ro tch ie J F. C ities in Competition: P roductive and Sustainable Cities fo r the 21st Century[C ]. M elbourne: Longm an A ustralia P ty L td., 1995, [19 ] L i Zhou. A survey on urban environm ental status and urban inhabitant s environm ent aw areness[j ]. E colog ical E conomy, ( In Ch inese) [. [J ]., ] [ 20 ] Zhang Junjun. Comp rehensive Evaluation of U rban Sustainable D evelopm ent A Case Study of Guangzhou [D ]. [. [D ]., ] Com prehen sive Evaluation of Guangzhou Urban Susta inable D evelopm en t XU Xue2qiang 1, ZHAN G Jun2jun 2 (11Center f or U rban and R eg ional S tud ies, Z hong shan U niversity, Guang z hou , Ch ina; 21Guang d ong B ranch, Ind ustrial and Comm ercial B ank of Ch ina, Guang z hou , Ch ina) Abstract: W ith unfo lding and deepen ing of the studies on u rban su stainab le developm en t in the w o rld, the reseach on comp rehen sive evaluation of u rban su stainab le developm en t has also been carried ou t gradually. Guangzhou has acqu ired eno rmou s ach ievem en ts since the refo rm and op en ing up in O n the one hand, u rban econom ies have rap id ly developed, w here as on the o ther, u rban environm en tal quality has declined, and social developm en t lagged relatively. F irstly, aim ing at the disun ified dim en sion s of all k inds of indicato rs in the indicato r system, the p ap er m akes a standa rd t rea tm en t by the sub ject ion funct ion. Second ly, ow ing to the artificially selected reason, aim ing at the overlap info rm ation w h ich are included in all k inds of indicato rs, the paper elim inates the overlap info rm ation by the p rincipal componen t analysis, and gets sco res of SEN I (su stainab le environm en tal index), SEC I ( su stainab le econom ic index), SSO I ( su stainab le social index) and cum u latives of p rincipal componen ts, and then calcu lates SEN I, SEC I and SSO I by add2w eigh models. L astly, on the basis of SEN I, SEC I and SSO I, the paper design s 3 indexes reflecting the conno tation of u rban su stainab le developm en t, w h ich are L evel Index (L I ), D evelopm en t Index (D I ) and Coo rdination Index (C I ), and scale developm en t levels, developm en t

10 1 : 63 rates and developm en t coo rdination condition of u rban su stainab le developm en t resp ect ively. O n the ba sis of environm en ta l and socio 2econom ic developm en t da ta from 1980 to 1996, the paper m akes a comp rehen sive evaluation of u rban su stainab le developm en t. T he resu lts are: as far as L I s concerned, there are several characteristics on u rban su stainab le developm en t in Guangzhou city: T he stage of u rban su stainab le developm en t is tu rn ing in to h igh2grade stage, including slow 2developm en t stage ( ), recessionary2 developm en t stage ( ), adju stab le2developm en t stage ( ), fast2 developm en t stage ( ) and slow 2developm en t stage ( ), w h ich is acco rded w ith the law of p eriod2in evo lu t ion and p eriod2betw een p rom o t ion of u rban su stainab le developm en t. T he change of u rban environm en tal, econom ic and social developm en t is dissynch ronou s. T he relation of environm en t and econom y puts up: w hen econom y develop s at h igh speed, there w ou ld be a seriou s environm en tal phenom ena; w hen governm en t strengthen s the adju stm en t, a p rom ising environm en tal phenom enon w ou ld occu ṙ O n the w ho le the relation of environm en t and econom y is negatively related. T he relation of environm en t and society is no t taken on relativity as a w ho le. T he relation of econom y and society is taken on po sitive relativity, and indicates econom ic grow th can drive social p rogress. A t the sam e tim e, the paper raises the rate of social p rogress is m uch low er than the rate of econom ic grow th, and in a sen se the lag of social developm en t w ill lim it econom ic grow th in the fu tu re. A s far as D I s concerned, u rban su stainab le developm en t in Guangzhou city is taken on several characteristics: Environm en tal sub system is taken on no2su stainab le featu re; econom ic sub system is taken on su stainab le featu re; social sub system is taken on su stainab le featu re; and u rban developm en t is taken on su stainab le as a w ho le becau se of pull2effects of socio2econom ic sub system. A s far as C I s concerned, u rban developm en t is taken on w eak2su stainab ility, that is to say that u rban environm en t and socio2econom ic developm en t are in harmon iou s. In a w o rd, by the above2m en tioned comp rehen sive evaluation, the paper raises econom ic developm en t there is at the expan se of seriou s environm en tal phenom ena in the in itial and m iddle stages of the refo rm and open ing up in Ch ina, w h ich coun teract econom ic grow th. It also raises there is non2su stainab le style of u rban developm en t, w h ich canno t b ring in to u rban developm en t as a w ho le. How ever, w ith the adju stm en t, condition s becom e better, there is no alternatives of non2su stainab ility and su stainab ility; w ith the in itial stages in the 1990s, there is rap id grow th, and the mode of developm en t is taken as su stainab ility. A fter 1994, u rban developm en t en tered in to a slow 2developm en t stage. How ever, it is still su stainab le, bu t taken as w eak su stainab ility. Key words: Guangzhou; u rban su sta inab le developm en t; index system ; com p rehen sive evaluation