CPT ALPHA CPT 2.1 CPT , CERN. TRIUMF Canada s National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics
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1 ALPHA (CERN) CPT, CERN TRIUMF Canada s National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics Makoto.Fujiwara@triumf.ca ( H ) (p ) ( e + ) CPT ( ) CERN (AD; Antiproton Decelerator) CERN ALPHA (Antihydrogen Laser PHysics Apparatus) ALPHA Run 2014 Run ALPHA [1] ALPHA [2] 2 CPT 2.1 CPT CPT CPT CPT [3] CPT [4] CPT CPT [5,6] CPT CPT 1S-2S [7,8], [9] CPT CPT Colladay CPT (SME; Standard-Model Extension) [10] SME CPT CPT [11] SME CPT K SME 2.2 (AD) AD AD 1995 AD
2 AD [15] s-cooling e-cooling 1 (AD) [14] ELENA, GBAR CERN LEAR [12] 1997 Fermilab [13] LHC LEAR 1999 AD AD 1 PS (Proton Synchrotron) GeV/c (p ) 50 mm Ir ( ) ( ) p p(26gev /c) + p(ir) p + p + p + p. (1) 6GeV ( 1GeV ) p 26GeV/c [2] p GeV/c 200πmm mrad Δp / p 6% p 2 2 (Stochastic cooling) 2 (Electron cooling) MeV/c ( 5.3MeV ) 0.8πmm mrad Δp / p < p ns 6 kev 2 ALPHA ATRAP degrader 99.9% 0.1% 10 4 kev p ASACUSA (Antiproton Spectroscopy And Collisions Using Slow Antiprotons) RFQD (RadioFrequency Quadrupole Decelerator) 25% p kev [2] 2017 ELENA (Extra-Low ENergy Antiproton ring) 13.7 MeV/c ( 100 kev ) ns 4 Δp / p πmm mrad [15] ALPHA ATRAP ALPHA ATHENA ALPHA 2002 ALPHA ATHENA ( ) [16] CPT ALPHA [1] ALPHA ALPHA 1/ ALPHA
3 ALPHA-1 [18] 3 ALPHA-1 [17] (a) ( ) mixing trap (Electrodes, : ) (Octupole) ( : 4) Mirror coils ( : ) ( ) π 3 (Annihilation detector, 5) (Microwave injection horn) catching trap positron trap 1T (b) mT ( 10MHz ) ASACUSA 3 ALPHA 1 ( ALPHA-1 ) ALPHA-1 ALPHA-1 3 ALPHA-1 ( ) 3(b) 5 ALPHA-1 [20] ( : ) ( ) ( : ) ( ) DAQ / B ( B ) (low-field seeking) 0.7(Kelvin/Tesla) ΔB ΔB ALPHA-1 ( 4) 1100 A 750 A ΔB = 0.8T 4.2 K 8 K 150 l/s mbar (10 8 Pa ) 8 K
4 ALPHA-1 [22] 6 ALPHA-1 [21] ( 22 Na) ( : ) Phosphor screen CCD ( : ) mbar [19] ( 5) m 253 m ALPHA (98.3%) ( ) 3.3 ALPHA-1 AD 100 ns ( ) 6 ALPHA Surko ( : ) ( : ) ( : ) autoresonance ( after injection ( : ) ) 30% ls 2 ( mbar ) (1 T) K (evaporative cooling) 40 K ( [23]) ( ) autoresonance ( [24]) p +e + +e + H +e + (2) [25] [26] 3.4 ALPHA-1 ALPHA-1
5 (2010 ) 8 ALPHA-1 (a) (b) [22] ( : ) ( : ) ( : ) (a) (b) ALPHA [22] V m 172ms 10 ms ( 8) 2006 ALPHA-1 ATRAP ( ) ( z ) 172ms ( ALPHA ) 500 V m ( z ) ( ) ( z ) ( ) ( ) 9 ALPHA-1 [22] ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) MC ( ) ( 9 ) 9 172ms 335 ( ) ( 38 ) ( 246 ) 1 ( 0.46 ± 0.01 ) σ (
6 (CPT ) [17] ALPHA-1 10 ALPHA-1 [30] (a) 1 (b) ( ) (a) σ 2 ATRAP ALPHA (2011 ) ms ALPHA [27 29] [30] 10 ( 0.57 ± 0.06 ) σ ( p-value ) σ (p-value ) Nature Physics (2012 ) ALPHA-1 [31] 1000 ( ) [17] 11 ALPHA low-field seeking c b ( f bc ) d a ( f ) high-field seeking ( MHz ) f bc 15 f ALPHA-1 in situ
7 [32] 12 [17] axis B min = B A = (3)T axis B min = B B = (3)T 2 A (fbc, f A ad ) = ( , )GHz (f B bc, f B ad ) =( , )GHz 2 100MHz off-resonance, 700 mw 2 disappearance mode appearance mode Disappearance mode 1 On-resonance off-resonance ( ) disappearance appearance mode 30 ms S/N disappearance mode appearance 180 S/N 1 Disappearance mode [17] On-resonance Off-resonance [17] (a) (b) (a) ± (b) on-resonance CERN multivariate analysis S/N 10 appearance mode ( ) on-resonance off-resonance (p-value ) disappearance mode off-resonance (p-value )
8 ( 1 off-resonance c b appearance mode off-resonance p-value c b c b (700 mw ) K 11 K on-resonance off-resonance 13(b) 700 mw 1/16 Δν HFS = 1420 ± 85MHz(6%) (3) [33] CPT Nature (2014 ) ALPHA-1 [34] CPT ( SF e ( e ) [35]) ATHENA [34] (a) ALPHA-1 (b) (c) ( : ) ( : ) (d) (c) 14 14(c) (d) Qe 68% CL Q = ( 1.3 ±1.1(stat.)± 0.4(syst.)) 10 8 (4) [34] ASACUSA [2] ALPHA ALPHA-1
9 Catching Trap Run 17 ( 22 Na, 06 / 2012 ) 16 ( ( ( ) ) ) Catching Trap Atom Trap 1000 L Catching Trap Atom Trap Si DAQ ALPHA-1 Trap (Catching ) AD AD 17 Catching Trap 15 Catching Trap Mixing Trap (Atom Trap) ( )
10 Atom Trap 4.4 Atom Trap 18 Catching Trap K 4.5 ALPHA nm Toptica 243nm (1S-2S ) ( 20) 50 mw Atom Trap AD (1 8 ) +α ALPHA ALPHA Atom Trap
11 (Stochastic Heating) ALPHA [34] Stochastic Heating [36] 2014 Run Run Si ALPHA-1 (τ 10 ms ) 30 ms Preliminary 0.06Hz ID 60% 2014 Run ALPHA Run 243nm 1 (On-resonance ) (proof-of-principle) 500 Run α S-2S 1 Lyman-α (121.5 nm) 1S-2P [37] ( ) ( ) 1S-2S [4] 2015 CPT 20 5
12 512 6 CERN ALPHA CPT ALPHA 25 NSERC TRIUMF [1] 27, 37 (2008). [2] M. Hori and J. Walz, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 72, 206 (2013). [3] G. Lüders, Ann. Phys. 2, 1 (1957). [4] M. C. Fujiwara, Antihydrogen, CPT, and Naturalness, arixiv: [hep-ph] (2013). [5] N. E. Mavromatos, Found. Phys. 40, 917 (2010). [6] F. R. Klinkhamer, C. Rupp., Phys. Rev. D 70, (2004). [7] C. G. Parthey et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, (2011). [8] A. Matveev et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, (2013). [9] S. G. Karshenboim, Phys. Rep. 442, 1 (2005). [10] D. Colladay and V. A. Kosteleck, Phys. Rev. D 55, 6760 (1997); Phys. Rev. D 58, (1998). [11] V. A. Kosteleck and N. Russell, Rev. Mod. Phys. 83, 11 (2011) [arxiv: [hep-ph]] and references therein. [12] Bauer et al., Phys. Lett. B 368, 251 (1996). [13] G. Blanford et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 3037 (1998). [14] T. Eriksson et al., AD Status and Consolidation Plans, in Proceedings of the International Workshop on 269 Beam Cooling and Related Topics (COOL2013), Mürren, Switzerland, pp (2013). [15] L. Bojtár, Antiproton Decelerator Status Report, in Proceedings of the International Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics (COOL2009), Lanzhou, China, pp (2009). [16] M. Amoretti et al., Nature 419, 456 (2002). [17] C. Amole et al., Nature 483, 439 (2012). [18] W. Bertsche et al., Nucl. Inst. Meth. Phys. Res. A 566, 746 (2006). [19] X. Fei, Trapping low energy antiprotons in an ion trap (Ph. D. thesis), Harvard University (1990). [20] G. B. Andersen et al., Nucl. Inst. Meth. Phys. Res. A 684, 73 (2012). [21] C. Amole et al., Nucl. Inst. Meth. Phys. Res. A 735, 319 (2014). [22] G. B. Andresen et al., Nature 468, 673 (2010). [23] G. B. Andresen et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, (2010). [24] G. B. Andresen et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, (2011). [25] M. C. Fujiwara et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, (2008). [26] G. B. Andresen et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, (2008). [27] K. Helmerson, A. Martin, D. E. Pritchard, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 9, 483 (1992). [28] P. A. Willems and K. G. Libbrecht, Phys. Rev. A 51, 1403 (1995). [29] H. Hess et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 672 (1987). [30] G. B. Andresen et al., Nat. Phys. 7, 558 (2011). [31] M. C. Fujiwara et al., Hyperfine Interact. 172, 81 (2006). [32] C. Amole et al., New J. Phys. 16, (2014). [33] M. D. Ashkezari, Microwave Spectroscopy of Magnetically Trapped Atomic Antihydrogen (Ph. D. Thesis), Simon Fraser University (2014). [34] C. Amole et al., Nat. Commun. 5, 4955 (2014). [35] G. Bressi et al., Phys. Rev. A 83, (2011). [36] M. Baquero-Ruiz et al., New J. Phys. 16, (2014). [37] J. M. Michan, M. C. Fujiwara, T. Momose, Hyperfine Interact. 228, 77 (2014).
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