What You ll Learn Solve two-step equations. Solve real-world problems involving two-step equations.
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1 Lesson 8- Solving Two-Step Equations Essential Question How are equations and inequalities used to describe and solve multi-step problems? Common Core State Standards Content Standards 7.EE.4, 7.EE.4a, 8.EE.7, 8.EE.7b Mathematical Practices 1,, 4, 7 Vocab Interactive Study Guide See pages for: Getting Started Real-World Link Notes Vocabulary two-step equation What You ll Learn Solve two-step equations. Solve real-world problems involving two-step equations. Real-World Link Cheerleading Cheerleaders on a middle school squad must purchase cheer shoes for $, plus several pairs of white ankle socks. An equation involving two operations can be used to find the total cost. Solve Two-Step Equations A two-step equation contains two operations. To solve a two-step equation, use inverse operations to undo each operation in reverse order of the order of operations. Example 1 Solve a + 9 =. Check your solution. Method 1 The Vertical Method a + 9 = Write the equation. a + 9 = - 9 = - 9 Subtraction Property of Equality a = 4 a_ = 4 a = 8 Image Source Pink/Getty Images Method The Horizontal Method a + 9 = a = - 9 = a_ 4_ = a = 8 Write the equation. Subtraction Property of Equality Using either method, the solution is 8. Check a + 9 = Write the equation. (8) + 9 Replace a with Multiply. = The sentence is true. Solve each equation. Check your solution. 1a. 6x + 1 = 4 1b. 4x - = - -7
2 Properties of Equality Recall that the Addition and Subtraction Properties of Equality state that the same number can be added to or subtracted from each side of an equation. Example Solve p - 1 = 0. p - 1 = 0 Write the equation. p = Addition Property of Equality p = p = Multiplication Property of Equality p = 160 Check your solution. a. 8 = 1 + n -1 b. - 6 x - = -0 Watch Example Solve 9 - t = t = -4 Write the equation. 9-1t = -4 Identity Property: t = 1t 9 + (-1t) = -4 Definition of Subtraction (-1t) = -9 + ( 4) Addition Property of Equality -1t = -4 _-1t -1 = -1 t = 4 Check your solution. a b = 44-9 b. -6. = n. Distributive Property You use the Distributive Property to mentally simplify x + x. x + 1x = ( + 1)x = x Example 4 Solve x + x - 7 =. x + x - 7 = x + 1x - 7 = x - 7 = x = + 7 x = 0 _ x = _ 0 x = 10 Write the equation. Identity Property; x = 1x Distributive Property; x + 1x = ( + 1)x or x Addition Property of Equality Check your solution. 4a. 4-9c + c = 8-9 4b..4 = 0.4m m 9
3 Solve Real-World Problems You can write and solve two-step equations to solve many real-world problems. Example Deon wants to go on a camping trip with his hiking club. The trip costs $18.7. He paid a deposit of $4.7 and will save an additional $17.0 per week to pay for the trip. Solve w = 18.7 to find the number of weeks Deon will need to save money for the trip w = 18.7 Write the equation w = Subtraction Property of Equality 17.0w = 140 _ 17.0w 17.0 = _ w = 8 Check your solution. Deon will need to save for 8 weeks. Do this problem to find out.. Salvatore purchased a computer for $68.0. He paid $10.40 initially and will pay $0.60 per month until the computer is paid off. Solve x = 68.0 to find the number of months Salvatore will make payments for the computer. 8 months Guided Practice Check Solve each equation. Check your solution. (Examples 1 and ) 1. 4p + 9 = 4. -x + 1 = 7 -. y - = = 7x = 8m = - z p - 6 = t + 1 = r - 1 = g + 6 = x - = = 4 + q Solve each equation. Check your solution. (Examples and 4) d = c = k = m = = 6 - x = 4 - b = 8y - 9y j = t +.t =.9 4. m + 4-7m = p _ p = = + 0.1n + 0.7n 6. Kaleigh has $. She plans to save $7.0 each week. Solve + 7.0w = 0 to find the number of weeks it will take Kaleigh to save $0. (Example ) 0 weeks 6. A caterer is preparing a dinner for a party. She charges a flat fee of $16 plus $8. per person. Solve p = 11.0 to find the number of people at a dinner that costs $11.0. (Example ) 14 people
4 Independent Practice Go online for Step-by-Step Solutions ehelp Solve each equation. Check your solution. (Examples 1 and ) 7. a + = 8 8. b + 1 = d - 18 = = c g + 4 = h - = = k = m n - 0 = = x y - = 7_ t + 1 = 4 Solve each equation. Check your solution. (Examples and 4) x = y - 7y + 6 = = - p = - s x x = n = x = = x x - x = m - - 6m = = - d - d = t + 4-9t Financial Literacy The cost of a family membership at a health club is shown at the right. The Johnson family budgets $800 to use the health club. Solve 1 + 4f = 800 to find the number of months the family can use the club. (Example ) 1 months. The second book in a fantasy series is 11 pages longer than the first book. The total number of pages in both books is 4. Solve the equation b + b + 11 = 4 to find the number of pages b in the first book. (Example ). Draven s computer downloads files at a rate of 0 kilobytes per second. The computer has already downloaded the first 0 kilobytes of a 10-kilobyte file. Solve the equation 0 + 0s = 10 to find the number of seconds it will take to download the rest of the file. (Example ) 8 s 4. The perimeter of the triangle in the figure is inches. Solve the equation x + x = to find the length x of the shortest side of the triangle. (Example ) in. 06 pages x +. Tenisha bought some gel pens that cost $1.9 each. She also bought a notebook for $.9. She spent a total of $10.04 on these items. Solve the equation 1.9g +.9 = to find the number of gel pens she bought. (Example ) x 9 in. B 6. Aaron has a piece of yarn that is 1 inches long. For an art project, he cut off pieces of yarn of equal length. This left him with 4 inches of yarn. Solve the equation p + 4 = 1 to find the length of each piece of yarn that Aaron will use in the art project. (Example ) in. Solve each equation. Check your solution e = c = _ - 6y = _ 4 x + 1. = f + 0. = d =
5 _8_AM_S_C08_L_66798.indd Page 7 7/6/1 :08 PM s-74user /Volumes/104/GO0110del/Accelerated_Maths_014/PRE_ALGEBRA... Proportionality and Linear Relationships MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES 6 Janelle and some of her friends went to the movies. Tickets cost $6 per person, and they each received a $1.0 student discount. Each girl also purchased a snack for $.. The total cost was $40.0. Solve the equation 6s - 1.s +.s = 40.0 to find how many girls went to the movies. 6 girls 1 Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. 70 Solve each equation. Check your solution. Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others. 68, 7 x 64. _ + 4x = 4 y y = _ +.4y + _ x x _ 66. _ + x + _ = x _ = Multiple Representations In this problem, you will investigate a function. Tia s family is installing a fence around three sides of her backyard as shown at the right. The equation w + 4 = f represents the relationship between the width of the fenced area and the total amount of fencing needed. w Emphasis On w 4 ft a. Table Make a function table to show the amount of fencing needed for widths of 1, 1, and 18 feet. See margin. b. Symbols Find the width of the fenced area if Tia has 9 feet of fencing. 4 ft 69. Sample answer: You spent $7 at the bookstore and bought lunch for days. You spent a total of $1. How much was lunch? $4 H.O.T. Problems C 69. Higher Order Thinking Exercise(s) 4 Model with mathematics Look for and make use of structure. 71 Mathematical Practices 1,, and 4 are aspects of mathematical thinking that are emphasized in every lesson. Students are given opportunities to be persistent in their problem solving, to express their reasoning, and to apply mathematics to real-world situations. Additional Answer 68a. w f Model with Mathematics Write a real-world example that could be solved by using the equation x + 7 = 1. Then solve the equation. 70. Persevere with Problems The model at the right represents the equation 6y + 1 = x + 1. What is the value of x? y 71. Identify Structure Write a two-step equation that can be solved using the Subtraction Property of Equality and the Multiplication Property of Equality. Show how to use these properties to solve the equation. See Answer Appendix. 7. Find the Error Toshiro is solving the equation 7 - x = -1. Find his mistake and correct it. He should have subtracted 7 from both sides. The correct answer is x = 9. Watch Out! 7. Building on the Essential Question Evaluate () +. Then solve the equation x + = 11. How are the problems and solutions similar? How are they different? See Answer Appendix. Find the Error For Exercise 7, remind students to check their answer in the original equation. Lesson 8- Solving Two-Step Equations 7
6 Standardized Test Practice 74. The results of a student council fundraiser are shown in the table. Purchase Price for 144 Pens Profit for 144 Pens $09.60 $0.40 Use the equation below to find the selling price p of one pen. C 144p = 0.40 A $1.80 C $.0 B $.1 D $.7 7. Ms. Fraser s total monthly cell phone bill b can be found using the equation b = t, where t represents the number of text messages she made. Find the number of text messages she made in a month in which the total charge was $6.70. G F 101 H 1 G 111 J The distance d that Maxie can run in her first training run is represented by the equation d = m -. What is the maximum distance m that she can run if her first training run is miles? A A 10 miles B 8 miles C 6 miles D 4 miles 77. Short Response Jody bought two pairs of jeans. The first pair costs $1 less than times the cost c of the second pair. The first pair of jeans costs $4. The equation below can be used to find the cost of the second pair of jeans. c - 1 = 4 Solve the equation to find the cost in dollars of the second pair of jeans. 19 Common Core Review Solve each equation. 8.EE = -1y = x_ x - 1 = _ + p = y = t = The difference between the record high and low temperatures in Columbus, Ohio, is 18 F. The record high temperature is 106 F. Write and solve an equation to find the record low temperature. 7.EE.4a x = 18; x = - F 8. Financial Literacy You have saved some money. Your friend has saved $40 more than you. Write an expression in simplest form that represents the total amount of money you and your friend have saved. 6.EE.a x Zane has a collection of CDs. Sage s collection has 4 more CDs than Zane s. Write an expression in simplest form that represents the total number of CDs Zane and Sage have altogether. 6.EE.a x + 4 Evaluate each expression if x = 4, y = -10, and z = EE.c 87. xy y + z x - y z + y xyz z - x + y z - x - y ( x + y) - 9. z( - x) xy - y z - (1 - y) 98. x + y -8
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