The Impact Analysis on Motor Gasoline Consumption in Taiwan. Abstract
|
|
- Cecilia Hawkins
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The Impact Analysis on Motor Gasoline Consumption in Taiwan Shu-Chuan Lin, Chiu-Lin Tseng, Yih-Luen Wu, Maw-Wen Lin Planning Division, Chinese Petroleum Corporation 3, SongRen Road, Taipei Abstract The motor gasoline consumption in Taiwan has reached more than 8 thousand KL per day and will continue to grow, with about 99% consumed by on-land transportation sector. The oil market in Taiwan had been fully liberalized. At the end of 004, there are,47 gas stations, including 640 gas stations owned by Chinese Petroleum Corporation. The research on gasoline consumption pattern in Taiwan has just yet attracted more attentions, and this information will be valuable for marketing strategy formulation. The factors influence gasoline consumption including economic growth, war, terrorist attacks, government policy, traffic demand, seasonality, weekend and holiday etc. In this research, the motor gasoline daily consumptions from the gas stations owned by the Chinese Petroleum Corporation, starting from January of 998 to April of 004, are analyzed for the case study. The time series analysis method is used to establish the gasoline consumption ARIMA model. Base on the model, the multiple interventions analysis is applied to evaluate the impacts by the trading day effect, the Chinese Lunar New Year holidays effect, the promotion activities sponsored by the Chinese Petroleum Corporation and the 003 SARS event in Taiwan. The outcomes are as follows:. The consumption has distinct trading day pattern. The consumers have the tendency to refill the vehicles for the weekend. The sales volume on Saturday increases 5.% on daily basis.. The sales volume during 9 days period of the Lunar New Year vacation increases 7.8% on daily basis. 3. During two promotion periods, the sales volume increases 5.6% on daily basis. 4. The 003 SARS event causes only a marginal increase in consumption with.5% increase on daily basis. Keywords: Gasoline sales volume, Calendar Effects, ARIMA, Intervention Analysis / 6
2 . Research Purpose Facing the trend of global liberalization of market, the oil market in Taiwan is inevitably opened up to competitions. The Formosa Petrochemical came into the market on September, 000 and the Esso entered in May, 00 as well. Although Esso backed out from the Taiwan oil market quietly two years later, leaving the market with two dominant suppliers, namely, The Chinese Petroleum Corporation and The Formosa Petrochemical, the market competition is still very intensive. The oil products are the main sources of the Chinese Petroleum Corporation revenues. The oil products consumptions are strongly affected by macroeconomic conditions. It is essential to conduct analysis on the macroeconomic factors to evaluate its impact on the oil market. In this research the daily sales volumes of the Chinese Petroleum Corporation owned gas stations from January, 998 to April 30, 004 are used for the case study. The time series analysis methods are applied to analyze the consumption patterns for the purpose of understanding the consumers behaviors and the formulation for marketing strategies.. Methodology and Data () Methodology Dr. Yule invented the time series analysis method during 90s. In the early of 970s, Dr. Box and Dr. Jenkins published the ARIMA model (Auto-Regression Integrated Moving Average Model). Afterwards, this analytical method is widely applied on economics, engineering, Natural and Social Sciences. Box and Tiao (975) proposed that if the intervention factors are known during the observation period, these factors can be brought into the time series model to assess the interference or the effect of the / 6
3 factors. The intervention variables are expressed in dummy forms. The known intervention periods are expressed with and the non-intervention periods are expressed with 0. The method of time series intervention is widely applied in the analysis on the effects of different promotions to the sales, the impacts of certain event or policy or regulation changes to the commercial or economic time series. The general form of dynamic intervention function can be written: Ζ = C+ f( k, ξ, t) + N t f( k, ξ, t) = The fixed effect given by exogenous variable, the time function with parameter k. N t = The random interference series t The dynamic model of effect of ξ can be written: w ( B) f( δ, w, ξ, t) = Y = { } ξtj ( B) k k j tj j= j= δ j () Ytj = The dynamic transformation from () k = Replaced by δ and rj (3) δ j( B) = δ jb... δ rij B and j( B) = 0j jb... B sij B Polynomials of rj and s j (4)Assumption: the root of ( B) resides outside of the unit circle, and the root of δ ( B) resides on or outside of unit circle. j j ξ tj sj In this article, the dummy variables are used in the intervention model for four different effects, which are the trading day effect, the Chinese Lunar New Year effect, the promotion activities sponsored by 3 / 6
4 the Chinese Petroleum Corporation and the 003 SARS event in Taiwan. In the time series analysis, Auto-correction Function (ACF) and Partial Auto-correction Function (PACF) are used for the identification for the model and classify into the following models: Auto-Regression, (AR),Moving Average (MA), Auto-Regression Moving Average (ARMA) or Auto-Regression Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA). According to the described model, the SCA (Scientific Computing Associates) time series software is used for analysis to assess the coefficients and the statistical significant of four intervention variables. The built-in SCA Intelligent Auto-Regression Integrated Moving Average function (IARIMA) can efficiently solve the problem of model identification and deal with the external interferences and outliers in the data. With the auto-detection, modification, the modified prediction model are established. ().Data Description The Petroleum Management Law was passed on September 7, 00 and came into effect on October, 00, which was one of the milestones of the liberalization of Taiwan oil market. During the process of liberalization of the Taiwan oil market, the retailing, refining and trading businesses are opened to private sectors accordingly. The important opening events include: retail gas station in 987, refining in 996, partial international trading in 999, the Formosa Petrochemical franchise gas station in 000, the pass of the Petroleum Management Law in 00, and the full scale of international trading on December 6, 00. After the permission of the first private owned gas station on February 988, till the end of 004 there are,83 private gas stations are in business. The number is far exceeding 640 gas stations owned by the Chinese Petroleum Corporation. Due to the difficulty in collecting the data from all the gas stations, the daily sales volumes of 4 / 6
5 these 640 gas stations owned by the Chinese Petroleum Corporation are used for the case study. The time period of the data starts from January, 998 to the April 30 of 004, with the total of,3 records. At that moment, there were,777 private gas stations and 63 CPC-owned gas stations, with the ratio of 74 to 6. 6,500 KL 4,500,500 0,500 8,500 6,500 4, // 998/4/ 998/7/ 998/0/ 999// 999/4/ 999/7/ 999/0/ 000// 000/4/ 000/7/ 000/0/ 00// 00/4/ 00/7/ 00/0/ 00// 00/4/ 00/7/ 00/0/ 003// 003/4/ 003/7/ 003/0/ 004// 004/4/ Y/M/D Figure: The Daily Sales Volumes of CPC-Owned Gas Stations 3. The Establishment of the Time Series Model () ARIMA Model According the model construction sequence of Box and Jenkins, the data of daily sales volumes of CPC-Owned gas stations are defined as Z t (t=,,,3). When examining the Auto Correlation Function (ACF, Graph ), It was found that Z t needed to be differentiated for stabilization. After reviewing the graphics (Graph 3) of the first and the seventh order of differentiation, it came to the following equation: 5 / 6
6 (-B 7 )Z t = ( B 7 )/(-0.785B) t () (84.8) (49.54) ^ σ a = 38.4 R = Figure : The ACF of the Series () Trading Day Effects The selection of timing to refill for the vehicles can be habitual. It may be because of the location of home, or route to the office, or the time of the office hours, or the weekday and weekend. The consumers habitual behaviors affect the fluctuations of the gasoline sales volumes. The trading day effect is analyzed to describe the consumption pattern. 6 / 6
7 i i=, 7 to present the trading days effects of Monday, Tuesday, to Sunday Wi i=, 7 to present the dummy variables for individual weekdays, for Monday W=, otherwise 0 The total trading day effects can be written as: f (,..., W,... W = iw 7 7 ) 7 i = i () In order to avoid the problems of highly correlation tendency and the multi-co linearity for to 7, only to 6 were used in the model. 6 Z t = C + W +at...(3) i = it it The estimations are as follows: Coef. C Est t Test From the estimation, we found the coefficient of W 6 positive and the W to W 5 are negative. The constant is the sales volume of Sunday. to 6 is the difference from Monday to Saturday relative to the Sunday. The rankings of sales volumes of the trading days accordingly are Saturday, Sunday, Friday, Monday, Wednesday, Tuesday and Thursday. It shows that consumers go to gas stations for refill more often during the weekend than the weekdays. Starting from January in 998, Taiwan has two days leaves for the weekend. People are more intend to use their own vehicles for traveling. For the consideration that we will take a first order of differentiation 7 / 6
8 in the final integrated model, we use another forms of dummy variables in the analysis. In the following paragraphs, we explain the transformation of the dummy variables: For a series with seven dummy variables (W, W, W3, W4, W5, W6 and W7): Y t = ß 0 + ß D t + ß D t + ß 3 D 3t + ß 4 D 4t +ß 5 D 5t + ß 6 D 6t +ε t u = ß 0 + ß u = ß 0 + ß u 3 = ß 0 + ß 3 u 4 = ß 0 + ß 4 u 5 = ß 0 + ß 5 u 6 = ß 0 + ß 6 u 7 = ß 0 Assumption: u +u +u 3 +u 4 +u 5 +u 6 +u 7 = 0 u 7 = -u -u -u 3 -u 4 u 5 -u 6 ( In our case W 7 =-) Y t = u+u D t +u D t +u 3 D 3t +u 4 D 4t +u 5 D 5t +u 6 D 6t +ε t W E(Y)= u+u W E(Y)= u+u W3 E(Y)= u+u 3 W4 E(Y)= u+u 4 W5 E(Y)= u+u 5 W6 E(Y)= u+u 6 W7 E(Y)= u-u -u -u 3 -u 4 -u 5 -u 6 u = The mean of the whole time series The original series of dummy variables of W-W6 are transformed 8 / 6
9 from: Time W W W3 W4 W5 W Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Sat Sun Mon Into: Time W W W3 W4 W5 W Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Sat Sun Mon After using the transformed dummy variables series, the estimations of trading day effect are in the follows: Coef. C Est t Test The constant is total mean of the series, which is 0,030.KL. to 6 is the difference from Monday to Saturday relative to the total mean. In the original estimation, we found the mean of Sunday was 9 / 6
10 From there, we can calculate the mean of each date of the week as follows: Actual Means Monday (-9.3)= Tuesday (-537.3)= Wednesday (-467.4)= Thursday (-563.5)= Friday ( -5.0)=0.7 Saturday ( 3.6)= These estimations from these calculations are consistent with the direct averaging from the raw data as follows: Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday In the direct observations from the ratio to the total mean in the each date of the weeks in the raw data, we found the rankings of the sales volumes are the same as those from the estimations. Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday (3) Holiday Effect Due to the effect of the Chinese Lunar New Year, the consumption of gasoline may increase. In the past six years, the dates of the Chinese Lunar New Year are spread across January 4 to February 6. Assuming that there is nine days for vocations and evenly divided by the first day of Chinese New Year, a dummy 0 / 6
11 variable is defined as Newt. The First Day of the Chinese Lunar New Year Year Date 998 January February February 5 00 January 4 00 February 003 February The model considering the holiday effect was formulated as Z t ()= ( β )NEWY t ()+ (- B - B 3 B 3 )/(-φ 7 B 7 ) t Coefficients Estimation and t Value Considering Holiday Effect Coef. β 3 φ 7 Esti t Test ^ σ a = 46. R = 0.94 In the estimation, it was found that the holiday effect is significant and the coefficient is positive. It shows that the trips for sightseeing and family reunion are very active during holidays, which increase the sales of gasoline. (4) Promotion Activities In the periods of November 5 to December 3, 000 and March 8 to March 3 00, the Chinese Petroleum Corporation initiated two promotion activities. To study the impact of promotion activities to the gasoline sales, the dummy variable PROMO t was introduced. / 6
12 PROMO t = t = November 5 to December 3, 000 t = March 8 to March 3, 00 0 t = Others The model considering the promotion effect was formulated as Z t ()= ( β ) PROMO t ()+ (- B - B 3 B 3 )/(-φ 7 B 7 ) t Coefficients Estimation and t Value Considering Promotion Effect Coef. β 3 φ 7 Esti t Test ^ σ a = 4. R = 0.93 From the estimation, the variable Prom is proved to be significant and the coefficient is positive. It shows there were incentives for the consumers to shop at the CPC-Owned gas stations. (5) SARS Event During the first half year of 003, Asia is under the shadow of SARS event. Not only the international traveling was greatly dampened, but also was the domestic traffic are heavily affected. People avoided taking the public transportation system and the economic activities are depressed. So did the sales of gasoline. The impact of SARS event to the sale of gasoline is analyzed, which took place during the period from March to June of 003. The dummy variable SARS t was introduced. SARS t = t = March 5 to June 30, t = Others The model considering the SARS effect was formulated as Z t ()= ( β 3 ) SARS t ()+ (- B - B 3 B 3 )/(-φ 7 B 7 ) t Coefficients Estimation and t Value Considering SARS Effect / 6
13 Coef. β 3 3 φ 7 Esti t Test ^ σ a = 43.0 R = 0.93 From the estimation, the coefficient of Sars was positive. It implies during that period people prefer driving their own car to instead of using public transportation system, which can increase the sale of gasoline. But from the statistical point of view, it is not significant. 0,000 9,500 9,000 8,500 8,000 7,500 7,000 6,500 6,000 KL 003/3/ 003/3/8 003/3/5 003/3/ 003/3/9 003/4/5 003/4/ 003/4/9 003/4/6 003/5/3 003/5/0 003/5/7 003/5/4 003/5/3 003/6/7 003/6/4 003/6/ 003/6/8 Fighue 3: The Sales of Gasoline in the CPC-Owned Gas Stations 4. The Integrated ARIMA Model After the discussion of the individual intervention factor, a integrated model was formulated for fully presentation. Z t ()= C+( )D t ()+ ( ) D t ()+ ( 3 ) D 3t ()+ ( 4 ) D 4t () 3 / 6
14 + ( 5 ) D 5t ()+( 6 ) D 6t () + ( β )NEWY t ()+ ( β ) PROMO t ()+ ( β 3 ) SARS t () + (- B - B 3 B 3 )/(-φ 7 B 7 ) t (5) Coefficients Estimation and t Values Coef. C Esti t Test Coef. β β β 3 3 φ 7 Esti t Test ^ σ a = R = 0.95 Examining the coefficients of each variables, besides the constant term is not significant, we found that the coefficients of 3 and φ 7 were 0.5 and To the sample size of,3, relative to, the coefficients were too small. removed from the model. The corresponding parameters were The final estimations are as follows: The Final Coefficients Estimation and t Values Coef Esti t Test Coef. β β β 3 Esti t Test ^ σ a = 37. R = 0.95 The results of the integrated model are identical with individual analysis of the impact factors. 4 / 6
15 5. Conclusions From the research, we have the following findings: () The consumption has distinct trading day pattern. The consumers have the tendency to refill the vehicles during weekend. The sales volume on Saturday increases 5.% on daily basis. () The sales volume during 9 days period of the Lunar New Year vacation increases 7.8% on daily basis. (3) During two promotion periods, the sales volume increases 5.6% on daily basis. (4) The 003 SARS event causes only a marginal increase in consumption with.5% increase on daily basis. The application of time series analysis can evaluate the consumption pattern of gasoline in Taiwan, which provides important implications for the formulations of the marketing strategies. If the time series of private gas stations can be compared with CPC-Owned gas stations, it will provide more insights and accuracy in the analysis of the gasoline consumers behaviors in the Taiwan gas stations. Acknowledgements We wish to think Lon-Mu Liu for helpful comments on an earlier draft of this article. Reference:. Bell, W. R., and Hillmer, S.C.(983). Modeling time series with calender variation. J. Amer. Stat Assoc., 78, pp Box G.E.P.,Jenkins GM, Reinsel GC. Time Series Analysis:Forecasting and Control.(3 rd Ed) 994; New Jersey: Pretice-Hall 3. Box G.E.P.& Tiao, G. C.(975) Intervention analysis with application to economic and environmental problems. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 70, Liu, L.M. & Chen, C.(99) Recent development of time series 5 / 6
16 analysis in intervention and environmental impact studies. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, A6, Liu, L.M., Hudak, G.B., Box, G.E.P., Muller, M.E.& Tiao, G.C.(99) Forecasting and Time Series Analysis Using the SCA Statistical System, vol. Chicago: Scientific Computing Associates Corporation. 6. Maw-Wen Lin. The Time Series Analysis and Forecasting McCleary, R. & Hay, R.A.(980) Applied Time Series Analysis for the Socail Science. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications. 6 / 6
Determine the trend for time series data
Extra Online Questions Determine the trend for time series data Covers AS 90641 (Statistics and Modelling 3.1) Scholarship Statistics and Modelling Chapter 1 Essent ial exam notes Time series 1. The value
More informationJANUARY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY SUNDAY
Vocabulary (01) The Calendar (012) In context: Look at the calendar. Then, answer the questions. JANUARY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY SUNDAY 1 New 2 3 4 5 6 Year s Day 7 8 9 10 11
More informationYEAR 10 GENERAL MATHEMATICS 2017 STRAND: BIVARIATE DATA PART II CHAPTER 12 RESIDUAL ANALYSIS, LINEARITY AND TIME SERIES
YEAR 10 GENERAL MATHEMATICS 2017 STRAND: BIVARIATE DATA PART II CHAPTER 12 RESIDUAL ANALYSIS, LINEARITY AND TIME SERIES This topic includes: Transformation of data to linearity to establish relationships
More information3. If a forecast is too high when compared to an actual outcome, will that forecast error be positive or negative?
1. Does a moving average forecast become more or less responsive to changes in a data series when more data points are included in the average? 2. Does an exponential smoothing forecast become more or
More informationParking Study MAIN ST
Parking Study This parking study was initiated to help understand parking supply and parking demand within Oneida City Center. The parking study was performed and analyzed by the Madison County Planning
More informationChapter 1 0+7= 1+6= 2+5= 3+4= 4+3= 5+2= 6+1= 7+0= How would you write five plus two equals seven?
Chapter 1 0+7= 1+6= 2+5= 3+4= 4+3= 5+2= 6+1= 7+0= If 3 cats plus 4 cats is 7 cats, what does 4 olives plus 3 olives equal? olives How would you write five plus two equals seven? Chapter 2 Tom has 4 apples
More informationDAILY QUESTIONS 28 TH JUNE 18 REASONING - CALENDAR
DAILY QUESTIONS 28 TH JUNE 18 REASONING - CALENDAR LEAP AND NON-LEAP YEAR *A non-leap year has 365 days whereas a leap year has 366 days. (as February has 29 days). *Every year which is divisible by 4
More informationChapter 3. Regression-Based Models for Developing Commercial Demand Characteristics Investigation
Chapter Regression-Based Models for Developing Commercial Demand Characteristics Investigation. Introduction Commercial area is another important area in terms of consume high electric energy in Japan.
More information2017 Autumn Courses. Spanish Elementary. September - December Elementary 1 - A1.1 Complete beginner
2017 Autumn Courses 2017 Autumn Courses Spanish Elementary September December 2017 Elementary 1 A1.1 Complete beginner Monday 25 Sept 27 Nov 25 Sept 11 Dec 14.30 16.30 17.30 26 Sept 28 Nov 26 Sept 12 Dec
More informationTime Series and Forecasting
Chapter 8 Time Series and Forecasting 8.1 Introduction A time series is a collection of observations made sequentially in time. When observations are made continuously, the time series is said to be continuous;
More informationAnnual Collision Report
2016 Annual Collision Report Contents The Annual Collision Report is a summary of statistics associated with traffic collisions that occurred in the City of Winnipeg. This information is provided by Manitoba
More informationREVIEW OF SHORT-TERM TRAFFIC FLOW PREDICTION TECHNIQUES
INTRODUCTION In recent years the traditional objective of improving road network efficiency is being supplemented by greater emphasis on safety, incident detection management, driver information, better
More informationTotal Market Demand Wed Jan 02 Thu Jan 03 Fri Jan 04 Sat Jan 05 Sun Jan 06 Mon Jan 07 Tue Jan 08
MW This report provides a summary of key market data from the IESO-administered markets. It is intended to provide a quick reference for all market stakeholders. It is composed of two sections: Section
More informationQUANTIFICATION OF THE NATURAL VARIATION IN TRAFFIC FLOW ON SELECTED NATIONAL ROADS IN SOUTH AFRICA
QUANTIFICATION OF THE NATURAL VARIATION IN TRAFFIC FLOW ON SELECTED NATIONAL ROADS IN SOUTH AFRICA F DE JONGH and M BRUWER* AECOM, Waterside Place, Tygerwaterfront, Carl Cronje Drive, Cape Town, South
More informationAn Approach of Correlation Inter-variable Modeling with Limited Data for Inter-Bus Transformer Weather Sensitive Loading Prediction
International Journal on Electrical Engineering and Informatics Volume 4, Number 4, December 0 An Approach of Correlation Inter-variable Modeling with Limited Data for Inter-Bus Transformer Weather Sensitive
More informationMontmorency County Traffic Crash Data & Year Trends. Reporting Criteria
June 2018 Revised 8/3/2018 2017 Reporting Criteria Please pay particular attention to the wording when interpreting the three levels of data gathered for this report. Crash The Crash Level analyzes data
More informationMean, Median, Mode, and Range
Mean, Median, Mode, and Range Mean, median, and mode are measures of central tendency; they measure the center of data. Range is a measure of dispersion; it measures the spread of data. The mean of a data
More informationMontmorency County Traffic Crash Data & Year Trends. Reporting Criteria
June 2017 Revised 10/3/17 2016 Reporting Criteria Please pay particular attention to the wording when interpreting the three levels of data gathered for this report. Crash The Crash Level analyzes data
More informationEVALUATION OF ALGORITHM PERFORMANCE 2012/13 GAS YEAR SCALING FACTOR AND WEATHER CORRECTION FACTOR
EVALUATION OF ALGORITHM PERFORMANCE /3 GAS YEAR SCALING FACTOR AND WEATHER CORRECTION FACTOR. Background The annual gas year algorithm performance evaluation normally considers three sources of information
More informationEconomics 390 Economic Forecasting
Economics 390 Economic Forecasting Prerequisite: Econ 410 or equivalent Course information is on website Office Hours Tuesdays & Thursdays 2:30 3:30 or by appointment Textbooks Forecasting for Economics
More information2019 Settlement Calendar for ASX Cash Market Products. ASX Settlement
2019 Settlement Calendar for ASX Cash Market Products ASX Settlement Settlement Calendar for ASX Cash Market Products 1 ASX Settlement Pty Limited (ASX Settlement) operates a trade date plus two Business
More informationMountain View Community Shuttle Monthly Operations Report
Mountain View Community Shuttle Monthly Operations Report December 6, 2018 Contents Passengers per Day, Table...- 3 - Passengers per Day, Chart...- 3 - Ridership Year-To-Date...- 4 - Average Daily Ridership
More informationpeak half-hourly South Australia
Forecasting long-term peak half-hourly electricity demand for South Australia Dr Shu Fan B.S., M.S., Ph.D. Professor Rob J Hyndman B.Sc. (Hons), Ph.D., A.Stat. Business & Economic Forecasting Unit Report
More informationA Fuzzy Logic Based Short Term Load Forecast for the Holidays
A Fuzzy Logic Based Short Term Load Forecast for the Holidays Hasan H. Çevik and Mehmet Çunkaş Abstract Electric load forecasting is important for economic operation and planning. Holiday load consumptions
More informationINTRODUCTION TO FORECASTING (PART 2) AMAT 167
INTRODUCTION TO FORECASTING (PART 2) AMAT 167 Techniques for Trend EXAMPLE OF TRENDS In our discussion, we will focus on linear trend but here are examples of nonlinear trends: EXAMPLE OF TRENDS If you
More informationDELFOS: GAS DEMAND FORECASTING. Author and speaker: JOSÉ MANUEL GÁLVEZ CAÑAMAQUE
DELFOS: GAS DEMAND FORECASTING Author and speaker: JOSÉ MANUEL GÁLVEZ CAÑAMAQUE PROJECT : DELFOS DURATION: OCTOBER 1998 - APRIL 2000 CUSTOMER COMPANY: ENAGAS (GAS NATURAL) OBJECTIVE : GAS DEMAND FORECASTING
More informationProject Appraisal Guidelines
Project Appraisal Guidelines Unit 16.2 Expansion Factors for Short Period Traffic Counts August 2012 Project Appraisal Guidelines Unit 16.2 Expansion Factors for Short Period Traffic Counts Version Date
More informationPassover Days CE
Passover Days 28-35 CE 1. Introduction There have been various attempts over the years at producing calendars in modern formats for the year of the Crucifixion of the Messaiah. The accuracy of these is
More informationPreliminary Material Data Sheet
Level 1/Level 2 Certificate Foundation Level June 2015 Use of Mathematics 43503F/PM Core unit Preliminary Material Data Sheet To be opened and issued to candidates between Monday 27 April 2015 and Monday
More informationNBER WORKING PAPER SERIES WORKDAY, HOLIDAY AND CALENDAR ADJUSTMENT WITH 21ST CENTURY DATA: MONTHLY AGGREGATES FROM DAILY DIESEL FUEL PURCHASES
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES WORKDAY, HOLIDAY AND CALENDAR ADJUSTMENT WITH 21ST CENTURY DATA: MONTHLY AGGREGATES FROM DAILY DIESEL FUEL PURCHASES Edward E. Leamer Working Paper 16897 http://www.nber.org/papers/w16897
More informationMountain View Community Shuttle Monthly Operations Report
Mountain View Community Shuttle Monthly Operations Report October 9, 2018 Contents Passengers per Day, Table...- 3 - Passengers per Day, Chart...- 3 - Ridership Year-To-Date...- 4 - Average Daily Ridership
More information2017 Settlement Calendar for ASX Cash Market Products ASX SETTLEMENT
2017 Settlement Calendar for ASX Cash Market Products ASX SETTLEMENT Settlement Calendar for ASX Cash Market Products 1 ASX Settlement Pty Limited (ASX Settlement) operates a trade date plus two Business
More informationTrip and Parking Generation Study of Orem Fitness Center-Abstract
Trip and Parking Generation Study of Orem Fitness Center-Abstract The Brigham Young University Institute of Transportation Engineers student chapter (BYU ITE) completed a trip and parking generation study
More informationDeveloping a Mathematical Model Based on Weather Parameters to Predict the Daily Demand for Electricity
- Vol. L, No. 02, pp. [49-57], 2017 The Institution of Engineers, Sri Lanka Developing a Mathematical Model Based on Weather Parameters to Predict the Daily Demand for Electricity W.D.A.S. Wijayapala,
More informationCirculation Dispatch at the Washington Post
Optimization of Fleet Profile - Circulation Dispatch at the Washington Post In Progress Review James Costa Anne Crowell Greg Koch George Mason University SYST 798/OR 680 October 20, 2011 Agenda Reminder:
More informationThe Research of Urban Rail Transit Sectional Passenger Flow Prediction Method
Journal of Intelligent Learning Systems and Applications, 2013, 5, 227-231 Published Online November 2013 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/jilsa) http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jilsa.2013.54026 227 The Research
More informationDriving Restriction, Traffic Congestion, and Air Pollution: Evidence from Beijing
Driving Restriction, Traffic Congestion, and Air Pollution: Evidence from Beijing Chen Liu Junjie Zhang UC San Diego Camp Resources XXI August 10-12, 2014 Traffic Congestion and Air Pollution 1 Motivation
More informationMeasurement of human activity using velocity GPS data obtained from mobile phones
Measurement of human activity using velocity GPS data obtained from mobile phones Yasuko Kawahata 1 Takayuki Mizuno 2 and Akira Ishii 3 1 Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University
More informationPublished by ASX Settlement Pty Limited A.B.N Settlement Calendar for ASX Cash Market Products
Published by Pty Limited A.B.N. 49 008 504 532 2012 Calendar for Cash Market Products Calendar for Cash Market Products¹ Pty Limited ( ) operates a trade date plus three Business (T+3) settlement discipline
More informationTime Concepts Series. Calendars
Time Concepts Series Calendars REM 526 Co v e r Designer: Cover Illustrator: Mike Muncy Joanne Powell A Teaching Resource From 2010, 1998 Copyright by Remedia Publications, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed
More informationLoad Forecasting Using Artificial Neural Networks and Support Vector Regression
Proceedings of the 7th WSEAS International Conference on Power Systems, Beijing, China, September -7, 2007 3 Load Forecasting Using Artificial Neural Networks and Support Vector Regression SILVIO MICHEL
More informationForecasting the Price of Field Latex in the Area of Southeast Coast of Thailand Using the ARIMA Model
Forecasting the Price of Field Latex in the Area of Southeast Coast of Thailand Using the ARIMA Model Chalakorn Udomraksasakul 1 and Vichai Rungreunganun 2 Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty
More informationAnalysis and the methods of forecasting of the intra-hour system imbalance
POSTER 2016, PRAGUE MAY 24 1 Analysis and the methods of forecasting of the intra-hour system imbalance Štěpán KRATOCHVÍL 1, Jan BEJBL 2 1,2 Dept. of Economy, management and humanities, Czech Technical
More informationDefining Normal Weather for Energy and Peak Normalization
Itron White Paper Energy Forecasting Defining Normal Weather for Energy and Peak Normalization J. Stuart McMenamin, Ph.D Managing Director, Itron Forecasting 2008, Itron Inc. All rights reserved. 1 Introduction
More informationApplication of Edge Coloring of a Fuzzy Graph
Application of Edge Coloring of a Fuzzy Graph Poornima B. Research Scholar B.I.E.T., Davangere. Karnataka, India. Dr. V. Ramaswamy Professor and Head I.S. & E Department, B.I.E.T. Davangere. Karnataka,
More informationThe Dayton Power and Light Company Load Profiling Methodology Revised 7/1/2017
The Dayton Power and Light Company Load Profiling Methodology Revised 7/1/2017 Overview of Methodology Dayton Power and Light (DP&L) load profiles will be used to estimate hourly loads for customers without
More informationMEP Y7 Practice Book B
8 Quantitative Data 8. Presentation In this section we look at how vertical line diagrams can be used to display discrete quantitative data. (Remember that discrete data can only take specific numerical
More informationMaterials for assessing adult numeracy
Materials for assessing adult numeracy Number Task Write this number in figures. Two hundred and seventy two thousand four hundred and twenty nine. In which of these numbers is the 7 worth seventy? Write
More informationSocial Studies Grade 2 - Building a Society
Social Studies Grade 2 - Building a Society Description The second grade curriculum provides students with a broad view of the political units around them, specifically their town, state, and country.
More informationBike Week Crash Analysis
Bike Week Crash Analysis David Salzer Patrick Santoso University of New Hampshire 7/15/2014 1 What is Bike Week? Official name is Laconia Motorcycle Week First or second week of June 2013 attendance: 330,000
More informationJournal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2014, 6(5): Research Article
Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2014, 6(5):266-270 Research Article ISSN : 0975-7384 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Anomaly detection of cigarette sales using ARIMA
More informationShort-Term Load Forecasting Using ARIMA Model For Karnataka State Electrical Load
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development e-issn: 2278-67X, p-issn: 2278-8X, www.ijerd.com Volume 13, Issue 7 (July 217), PP.75-79 Short-Term Load Forecasting Using ARIMA Model For
More informationSMART GRID FORECASTING
SMART GRID FORECASTING AND FINANCIAL ANALYTICS Itron Forecasting Brown Bag December 11, 2012 PLEASE REMEMBER» Phones are Muted: In order to help this session run smoothly, your phones are muted.» Full
More informationMy Calendar Notebook
My Calendar Notebook 100 Days of School! Today s number + what number equals 100? + =100 Today is: Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday The date is: The number before... The number
More informationpeak half-hourly Tasmania
Forecasting long-term peak half-hourly electricity demand for Tasmania Dr Shu Fan B.S., M.S., Ph.D. Professor Rob J Hyndman B.Sc. (Hons), Ph.D., A.Stat. Business & Economic Forecasting Unit Report for
More informationMODELING INFLATION RATES IN NIGERIA: BOX-JENKINS APPROACH. I. U. Moffat and A. E. David Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Uyo, Uyo
Vol.4, No.2, pp.2-27, April 216 MODELING INFLATION RATES IN NIGERIA: BOX-JENKINS APPROACH I. U. Moffat and A. E. David Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Uyo, Uyo ABSTRACT: This study
More informationData presented in graphs, charts, tables, lists and databases may be misleading and must be examined carefully. Largest Land Mammals.
Analyzing Data Reasonableness of Data and Results Data presented in graphs, charts, tables, lists and databases may be misleading and must be examined carefully. Examples A) Largest Land Mammals 4 (In
More information2018 Annual Review of Availability Assessment Hours
2018 Annual Review of Availability Assessment Hours Amber Motley Manager, Short Term Forecasting Clyde Loutan Principal, Renewable Energy Integration Karl Meeusen Senior Advisor, Infrastructure & Regulatory
More informationSTATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT SURVEILLANCE IMPACT ON SAMPLE CONSTRUCTION ZONES IN MISSISSIPPI (Part 1: DESCRIPTIVE)
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT SURVEILLANCE IMPACT ON SAMPLE CONSTRUCTION ZONES IN MISSISSIPPI (Part 1: DESCRIPTIVE) Tulio Sulbaran, Ph.D 1, David Marchman 2 Abstract It is estimated that every
More informationForecasting of ATM cash demand
Forecasting of ATM cash demand Ayush Maheshwari Mathematics and scientific computing Department of Mathematics and Statistics Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kanpur ayushiitk@gmail.com Project guide:
More informationEvery day, health care managers must make decisions about service delivery
Y CHAPTER TWO FORECASTING Every day, health care managers must make decisions about service delivery without knowing what will happen in the future. Forecasts enable them to anticipate the future and plan
More information5, 0. Math 112 Fall 2017 Midterm 1 Review Problems Page Which one of the following points lies on the graph of the function f ( x) (A) (C) (B)
Math Fall 7 Midterm Review Problems Page. Which one of the following points lies on the graph of the function f ( ) 5?, 5, (C) 5,,. Determine the domain of (C),,,, (E),, g. 5. Determine the domain of h
More informationMath 112 Spring 2018 Midterm 1 Review Problems Page 1
Math Spring 8 Midterm Review Problems Page Note: Certain eam questions have been more challenging for students. Questions marked (***) are similar to those challenging eam questions.. Which one of the
More informationDELINEATION OF A POTENTIAL GASEOUS ELEMENTAL MERCURY EMISSIONS SOURCE IN NORTHEASTERN NEW JERSEY SNJ-DEP-SR11-018
DELINEATION OF A POTENTIAL GASEOUS ELEMENTAL MERCURY EMISSIONS SOURCE IN NORTHEASTERN NEW JERSEY SNJ-DEP-SR11-18 PIs: John R. Reinfelder (Rutgers University), William Wallace (College of Staten Island)
More informationPaper Reference(s) 6683 Edexcel GCE Statistics S1 Advanced/Advanced Subsidiary Thursday 5 June 2003 Morning Time: 1 hour 30 minutes
Paper Reference(s) 6683 Edexcel GCE Statistics S1 Advanced/Advanced Subsidiary Thursday 5 June 2003 Morning Time: 1 hour 30 minutes Materials required for examination Answer Book (AB16) Graph Paper (ASG2)
More informationIWT Scenario 1 Integrated Warning Team Workshop National Weather Service Albany, NY October 31, 2014
Integrated Warning Team Workshop National Weather Service Albany, NY October 31, 2014 23 24 25 26 27 Scenario 1 Timeline November 23-27 Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Thanksgiving Day Sunday, Nov. 23 @ 430 pm NWS
More informationDevelopment of modal split modeling for Chennai
IJMTES International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Science ISSN: 8- Development of modal split modeling for Chennai Mr.S.Loganayagan Dr.G.Umadevi (Department of Civil Engineering, Bannari
More informationMotion to Review the Academic Calendar Passed by Admissions and Standards, September 24, 2009
Effective Fall 2010 Motion to Review the Academic Calendar Passed by Admissions and Standards, September 24, 2009 Each final exam will be two hours and thirty minutes. A day has been added to finals period.
More informationDevelopment of Short-term Demand Forecasting Model And its Application in Analysis of Resource Adequacy. For discussion purposes only Draft
Development of Short-term Demand Forecasting Model And its Application in Analysis of Resource Adequacy For discussion purposes only Draft January 31, 2007 INTRODUCTION In this paper we will present the
More informationAsitha Kodippili. Deepthika Senaratne. Department of Mathematics and Computer Science,Fayetteville State University, USA.
Forecasting Tourist Arrivals to Sri Lanka Using Seasonal ARIMA Asitha Kodippili Department of Mathematics and Computer Science,Fayetteville State University, USA. akodippili@uncfsu.edu Deepthika Senaratne
More informationForecasting Foreign Direct Investment Inflows into India Using ARIMA Model
Forecasting Foreign Direct Investment Inflows into India Using ARIMA Model Dr.K.Nithya Kala & Aruna.P.Remesh, 1 Assistant Professor, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India 2 PhD
More informationForecasting Hot Water Demand aiming at Domestic Energy Efficiency
FACULDADE DE ENGENHARIA DA UNIVERSIDADE DO PORTO Forecasting Hot Water Demand aiming at Domestic Energy Efficiency Carlos Daniel Saraiva Fernandes Master in Informatics and Computing Engineering Advisor:
More informationCapacity Market Load Forecast
Capacity Market Load Forecast Date: November 2017 Subject: Capacity Market Load Forecast Model, Process, and Preliminary 2021 Results Purpose This memo describes the input data, process, and model the
More informationLabel the lines below with S for the same meanings or D for different meanings.
Time Expressions- Same or Dates, times, frequency expressions, past times and future times Without looking below, listen to your teacher and raise one of the cards that you ve been given depending on what
More informationJournal of Asian Scientific Research PREDICTION OF FATAL ROAD TRAFFIC CRASHES IN IRAN USING THE BOX-JENKINS TIME SERIES MODEL. Ayad Bahadori Monfared
Journal of Asian Scientific Research journal homepage: http://aessweb.com/journal-detail.php?id=5003 PREDICTION OF FATAL ROAD TRAFFIC CRASHES IN IRAN USING THE BOX-JENKINS TIME SERIES MODEL Ayad Bahadori
More informationINTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS Lectures 5/6: Modeling/Equilibrium/Demand 1 OUTLINE 1. Conceptual view of TSA 2. Models: different roles and different types 3. Equilibrium 4. Demand Modeling References:
More informationReteaching Using Deductive and Inductive Reasoning
Name Date Class Reteaching Using Deductive and Inductive Reasoning INV There are two types of basic reasoning in mathematics: deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning bases a conclusion
More informationDemand Forecasting Models
E 2017 PSE Integrated Resource Plan Demand Forecasting Models This appendix describes the econometric models used in creating the demand forecasts for PSE s 2017 IRP analysis. Contents 1. ELECTRIC BILLED
More informationIndustrial Engineering Prof. Inderdeep Singh Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee
Industrial Engineering Prof. Inderdeep Singh Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee Module - 04 Lecture - 05 Sales Forecasting - II A very warm welcome
More informationone two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen zero oneteen twoteen fiveteen tenteen
Stacking races game Numbers, ordinal numbers, dates, days of the week, months, times Instructions for teachers Cut up one pack of cards. Divide the class into teams of two to four students and give them
More informationAssessing spatial distribution and variability of destinations in inner-city Sydney from travel diary and smartphone location data
Assessing spatial distribution and variability of destinations in inner-city Sydney from travel diary and smartphone location data Richard B. Ellison 1, Adrian B. Ellison 1 and Stephen P. Greaves 1 1 Institute
More informationThe spatial network Streets and public spaces are the where people move, interact and transact
The spatial network Streets and public spaces are the where people move, interact and transact The spatial network Cities are big spatial networks that create more of these opportunities Five key discoveries
More informationEconomic Geography of the Long Island Region
Geography of Data Economic Geography of the Long Island Region Copyright 2011 AFG 1 The geography of economic activity requires: - the gathering of spatial data - the location of data geographically -
More informationA Joint Tour-Based Model of Vehicle Type Choice and Tour Length
A Joint Tour-Based Model of Vehicle Type Choice and Tour Length Ram M. Pendyala School of Sustainable Engineering & the Built Environment Arizona State University Tempe, AZ Northwestern University, Evanston,
More informationTime Series Forecasting: A Tool for Out - Sample Model Selection and Evaluation
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH 214, Science Huβ, http://www.scihub.org/ajsir ISSN: 2153-649X, doi:1.5251/ajsir.214.5.6.185.194 Time Series Forecasting: A Tool for Out - Sample Model
More informationSeasonal Adjustment of Time Series and Calendar Influence on Economic Activity
Surveys S-33 Seasonal Adjustment of Time Series and Calendar Influence on Economic Activity Ante Čobanov Zagreb, March 2018 SURVEYS S-33 PUBLISHER Croatian National Bank Publishing Department Trg hrvatskih
More informationpeak half-hourly New South Wales
Forecasting long-term peak half-hourly electricity demand for New South Wales Dr Shu Fan B.S., M.S., Ph.D. Professor Rob J Hyndman B.Sc. (Hons), Ph.D., A.Stat. Business & Economic Forecasting Unit Report
More informationMathematics Test Book 2
Mathematics Test Book 2 Grade 7 March 12 16, 2007 Name 49177 Developed and published by CTB/McGraw-Hill LLC, a subsidiary of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 20 Ryan Ranch Road, Monterey, California 93940-5703.
More informationU.S. - Canadian Border Traffic Prediction
Western Washington University Western CEDAR WWU Honors Program Senior Projects WWU Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarship 12-14-2017 U.S. - Canadian Border Traffic Prediction Colin Middleton Western Washington
More informationPATREC PERSPECTIVES Sensing Technology Innovations for Tracking Congestion
PATREC PERSPECTIVES Sensing Technology Innovations for Tracking Congestion Drivers have increasingly been using inexpensive mapping applications imbedded into mobile devices (like Google Maps, MapFactor,
More informationFOURTH GRADE MATH PRACTICE TEST 7
1. Mrs. Hanks went to the grocery store and purchased a bag of grapes that weighed 1.97 pounds. Mrs. Norton purchased a bag of grapes that weighed 0.48 pounds less than the bag of grapes Mrs. Hanks purchased.
More informationAppendix BAL Baltimore, Maryland 2003 Annual Report on Freeway Mobility and Reliability
(http://mobility.tamu.edu/mmp) Office of Operations, Federal Highway Administration Appendix BAL Baltimore, Maryland 2003 Annual Report on Freeway Mobility and Reliability This report is a supplement to:
More informationReshaping Economic Geography
Reshaping Economic Geography Three Special Places Tokyo the biggest city in the world 35 million out of 120 million Japanese, packed into 4 percent of Japan s land area USA the most mobile country More
More informationModelling the Electric Power Consumption in Germany
Modelling the Electric Power Consumption in Germany Cerasela Măgură Agricultural Food and Resource Economics (Master students) Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn cerasela.magura@gmail.com Codruța
More information1) A = {19, 20, 21, 22, 23} B = {18, 19, 20, 21, 22} 2) 2) 3) 3) A) {q, r, t, y, z} B) {r, s, t, y, z} C) {r, t, z} D) {q, s, u, v, x, y} 4) 4) 6) 6)
Exam 1B Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Are the sets equivalent? 1) A = {19, 20, 21, 22, 23} 1) B = {18, 19, 20, 21, 22} A) Yes
More informationForecasting Bangladesh's Inflation through Econometric Models
American Journal of Economics and Business Administration Original Research Paper Forecasting Bangladesh's Inflation through Econometric Models 1,2 Nazmul Islam 1 Department of Humanities, Bangladesh University
More informationPackage TSPred. April 5, 2017
Type Package Package TSPred April 5, 2017 Title Functions for Benchmarking Time Series Prediction Version 3.0.2 Date 2017-04-05 Author Rebecca Pontes Salles [aut, cre, cph] (CEFET/RJ), Eduardo Ogasawara
More informationMonday, October 19, CDT Brian Hoeth
Monday, October 19, 2015 1400 CDT Brian Hoeth Some of the briefing presented is worstcase scenario and may differ in detail from local NWS Weather Forecast Offices. National Weather Service Southern Region
More informationDOWNLOAD OR READ : VIENNA CALENDAR 2019 PDF EBOOK EPUB MOBI
DOWNLOAD OR READ : VIENNA CALENDAR 2019 PDF EBOOK EPUB MOBI Page 1 Page 2 vienna calendar 2019 vienna calendar 2019 pdf vienna calendar 2019 Austria 2019 â Calendar with holidays. Yearly calendar showing
More informationASTR 101L: Motion of the Sun Take Home Lab
Name: CWID: Section: Introduction Objectives This lab is designed to help you understand the Sun s apparent motion in the sky over the course of the year. In Section 2 you are asked to answer some questions
More information