BRAZOSPORT COLLEGE LAKE JACKSON, TEXAS SYLLABUS PHYS COLLEGE PHYSICS II

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1 BRAZOSPORT COLLEGE LAKE JACKSON, TEXAS SYLLABUS PHYS COLLEGE PHYSICS II CATALOG DESCRIPTION: PHYS 1302 College Physics II. CIP Course includes a study of fundamental principles of electricity, magnetism, light, and modern physics. Practical applications of topics will be discussed. (3 SCH, 3 lecture, 0 lab) Prerequisite: PHYS 1301 or the equivalent or approval of the division chair. Required skill level: College-level reading, writing, and math. John Cooper Gary Hicks Jeff Detrick April 2013

2 BRAZOSPORT COLLEGE SYLLABUS PHYS 1302 COLLEGE PHYSICS II II. COURSE EVALUATION Student Evaluation In order to determine the student s mastery of the concepts specified in the objectives, the student will be evaluated as follows: 1. Homework problems will be assigned from each chapter. The average of all homework grades will form 40% of the student s course grade. 2. Weekly laboratory exercises will be conducted. The average of all laboratory grades will form 20% of the student s course grade. Additionally, to pass this course, a student must successfully complete the laboratory portion with a grade of D or better. 3. At the end of each unit of chapters, a test will be given, and the average of these test grades will form 40% of the student's course grade. (These percentages are flexible and are determined by the instructor.) Instructor Evaluation. In a continuing effort to improve the course, student evaluations will be sought during each semester. This is a standardized evaluation developed by the college. Also, professional journals will be studied for ideas on how to improve both the course and the teacher. Department Evaluation. Faculty and Division Chairperson will review evaluation results annually. Competencies, and Perspectives Assessment will also be reviewed. The Course, CORE CURRICULUM OBJECTIVES AND ASSESSMENTS As part of the Brazosport College Core Curriculum, this course provides students the opportunity to achieve the following core curriculum objectives: 1. Critical Thinking: Including innovation, creative thinking, inquiry and analysis, evaluation, and synthesis of information 2. Communication Skills: Including effective development, interpretation, and expression of ideas through written, oral, and visual communication. 3. Empirical and Quantitative Skills: Including the manipulation and analysis of numerical data or observable facts resulting in informed conclusions. 4. Teamwork: Including the ability to consider different points of view and to work effectively with others to support a shared purpose or goal. 2

3 Objectives will be assessed according to the Brazosport College Core Assessment Plan through the sampling and evaluation of student work. II. COURSE CONTENT Objectives The general objectives of this introductory physics course are twofold: to provide the student with a clear and logical presentation of the basic concepts and principles of physics, and to strengthen an understanding of the concepts and principles through a broad range of interesting applications to the real world. In order to meet these objectives, emphasis is placed on sound physical arguments and discussions of everyday experiences. At the same time, an attempt is made to motivate the student through practical examples that demonstrate the role of physics in other disciplines. Outline This course is designed to teach the student to: Electrostatics. 1. Describe the fundamental properties of electric charge and the nature of electrostatic forces between charged bodies. 2. Describe the process involved in charging a conductor by contact and by induction. 3. Use Coulomb's law to determine the net electrostatic force on a point electric charge due to a known distribution of a finite number of point charges. 4. Calculate the electric field E (magnitude and direction) at a specified location in the vicinity of a group of point charges. 5. Visualize qualitatively the electric field throughout a region of space in terms of electric field lines. 6. Describe quantitatively the motion of a charged particle in a uniform electric field. Electric Potential. 1. Understand that each point in the vicinity of a charge distribution can be characterized by a scalar quantity called the electric potential, V. The values of this potential function over the region (a scalar field) are related to the values of the electrostatic field over the region (a vector field). 2. Calculate the electric potential difference between any two points in a uniform electric field. 3. Calculate the electric potential energy at a point in space in the vicinity of a group of point charges. 4. Calculate the work done by an external agent in moving a charge q between any two points in an electric field when the charge distribution giving rise to the field is known. 3

4 Capacitance. 1. Use the basic definition of capacitance and the equation for finding the potential difference between two points in an electric field in order to calculate the capacitance of a capacitor for uniform electric fields (parallel plate capacitors). 2. Determine the equivalent capacitance of a network of capacitors in series and parallel combinations and calculate the final charge on each capacitor and the potential difference across each capacitor when a known potential is applied across the network. 3. Make calculations involving the relationships among potential, charge, capacitance, and stored energy for capacitors, and apply these results to the particular case of a parallel plate capacitor. 4. Calculate the capacitance, potential difference, and stored energy of a capacitor which is filled with a dielectric. Current and Resistance. 1. Calculate the current and quantity of charge passing a point in a given time interval in a specified current-carrying conductor. 2. Determine the resistance of a conductor using Ohm's law. Also, calculate the resistance based on the physical characteristics of a conductor (via resistivity). 3. Calculate the power dissipated by a resistor. 4. Describe the classical model of electrical conduction in metals. Direct Current Circuits. 1. Calculate the current in a single loop circuit and the potential difference between any two points in the circuit. 2. Calculate the equivalent resistance of a group of resistors in series and parallel combinations. 3. Use Ohm's law to calculate the current in a circuit and the potential difference between any two points in a circuit which can be reduced to an equivalent single-loop circuit. 4. Calculate the power dissipated by a resistor or a group of resistors in a circuit. 5. Apply Kirchhoff's rules to solve multiloop circuits; that is, find the currents and the potential difference between any two points. 6. Calculate the charging (or discharging) current and the accumulated (or residual) charge during charging (or discharging) of a capacitor in an R-C circuit. 7. Calculate the energy expended by an emf while charging a capacitor. Magnetic Fields. 1. Use the defining equation for a magnetic field B to determine the magnitude and direction of the magnetic force exerted on an electric charge moving in a region where there is a magnetic field. Understand clearly the important difference between the forces exerted on electric charges by electric fields and those forces exerted on moving charges by magnetic fields. 2. Calculate the magnitude and direction of the magnetic force on a current-carrying wire when placed in an external magnetic field. 3. Determine the magnitude and direction of the torque exerted on a closed current loop in an external magnetic field. 4. Calculate the radius of the circular orbit of a charged particle moving in a uniform magnetic field, and also determine the period of the circulating charge. 4

5 5. Understand the essential features of the mass spectrometer and the cyclotron, and make appropriate quantitative calculations regarding the operation of these instruments. Note that these two devices are special applications of the motion of charged particles in a magnetic field. Sources of Magnetic Fields. 1. Calculate the magnetic field due to steady current in a long straight wire, a flat coil of wire, and a long solenoid. 2. Calculate the magnetic flux through a surface area placed in a uniform magnetic field. 3. Understand that magnetic fields are produced both by conduction currents and by changing electric fields. Faraday's Law (Induced Emf). 1. Calculate the induced emf (or induced current) in a circuit when the magnetic flux through the circuit is changing with time. The variation in flux might be due to a change in (a) the area of the circuit, (b) the magnitude of the magnetic field, (c) the direction of the magnetic field, or (d) the orientation/location of the circuit in the magnetic field. 2. Calculate the (motional) emf induced between the ends of a conducting bar as it moves through a region where there is a constant magnetic field. 3. Apply Lenz's law to determine the direction of an induced emf or current. 4. Calculate the instantaneous values of the sinusoidal emf generated in a conducting loop rotating in a constant magnetic field. Inductance. 1. Calculate the magnitude and direction of the self-induced emf in a circuit when the current changes with time. 2. Determine instantaneous values of the current in an L-R circuit while the current is changing with time. 3. Calculate the magnetic energy stored in the magnetic field of an inductor. Alternating Current Circuits. 1. Given an RLC series circuit in which values of resistance, inductance, capacitance, and the characteristics of the generator (source of emf) are known, calculate: the instantaneous voltage across each component; the instantaneous current in the circuit; the phase angle by which the current leads or lags the voltage; the power expended in the circuit; and the resonance frequency of the circuit. 2. Understand the manner in which step-up and step-down transformers are used in the process of transmitting electrical power over long distances. 3. Make calculations of primary to secondary voltage and current ratios for an ideal transformer. Electromagnetic Waves. 1. Summarize the properties of electromagnetic waves. 2. Give a brief description (related to the source and typical use) of each of the "regions" of the electromagnetic spectrum. 5

6 Geometric Optics, Part I (The Nature of Light). 1. Understand Huygens Principle and the use of this technique to construct the subsequent position and shape of a given wavefront. 2. Determine the directions of the reflected and refracted rays when a light ray is incident obliquely on the interface between two optical media. 3. Understand the conditions under which total internal reflection can occur in a medium and determine the critical angle for a given pair of adjacent media. Geometric Optics, Part II (Lenses and Mirrors). 1. Calculate the location of the image of a specified object by a plane mirror, spherical mirror, thin lens, or a combination of these devices. 2. Understand the relationship of the algebraic signs associated with calculated quantities to the nature of the image and object: real or virtual, erect or inverted. 3. Construct ray diagrams to determine the location and nature of the image of a given object when the geometrical characteristics of the optical device (mirror or lens) are known. 4. Describe the cause of each of the most frequently encountered lens aberrations. 5. Understand the geometry of the lens combination for each of several simple optical instruments: camera, compound microscope, astronomical telescope. Wave Optics, Part I (Interference). 1. Describe Young's double-slit experiment to demonstrate the wave nature of light. Account for the phase difference between light waves from the two sources as they arrive at a given point on the screen. State the conditions for constructive and destructive interference in terms of each of the following: path difference, phase difference, distance from center of screen, and angle subtended by the observation point at the source midpoint. 2. Account for the conditions of constructive and destructive interference in thin films (for both reflected and transmitted light) considering both path difference and any phase changes due to reflection. 3. Describe the technique employed in the Michelson interferometer for precise measurement of length based on known values for the wavelength of light. Wave Optics, Part II (Diffraction and Polarization). 1. Determine the positions of the maxima and minima in a single-slit diffraction pattern. 2. Determine whether or not two sources under a given set of conditions are resolvable as defined by Rayleigh's criterion. 3. Determine the positions of the principal maxima in the interference pattern of a diffraction grating. 4. Understand what is meant by the resolving power of a grating, and calculate the resolving power of a grating under specified conditions. 5. Describe the technique of x-ray diffraction and make calculations of the lattice spacing using Bragg's law. 6. Understand how the state of polarization of a light beam can be determined by use of a polarizer-analyzer combination. 7. Describe qualitatively the polarization of light by selective absorption, reflection scattering, and double refraction. 6

7 Relativity. 1. State the principle of Newtonian relativity, and describe coordinate and velocity transformations, and their limitations. 2. Discuss Einstein's two postulates of special relativity. 3. Describe some consequences of the Lorentz transformation equations; specifically, the effects of time dilation and length contractions. 4. Understand the idea of simultaneity, and the fact that simultaneity is not an absolute concept. That is, two events which are simultaneous in one reference frame are not simultaneous when viewed from a second frame moving with respect to the first. 5. State the relativistic expressions for momentum, kinetic energy, and total energy of a particle. 6. Discuss the principle of energy-mass equivalence, and its impact in the field of nuclear physics. 7. Discuss the Michelson-Morley experiment, its objectives, and the significance of its outcomes. Quantum Physics. 1. Discuss the spectral characteristics of blackbody radiation, and the limitations of the classical model predicted by the Rayleigh-Jeans law. 2. Describe the formula for blackbody radiation proposed by Planck, and the assumption made in deriving this formula. 3. Discuss the conditions under which a photoelectric effect can be observed, and those properties of photoelectric emission which cannot be explained with classical physics. 4. Describe the Einstein model for the photoelectric effect, and the predictions of the fundamental photoelectric effect equation for the maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons. 5. Recognize that Einstein's model of the photoelectric effect involves the photon concept (E = hf), and the fact that the basic features of the photoelectric effect are consistent with this model. 6. Describe the Compton Effect (the scattering of X-rays by electrons) and be able to use the formula for the Compton shift. Recognize that the Compton Effect can only be explained using the photon concept. 7. Discuss the origin of line spectra associated with elements such as hydrogen, and the usefulness of such spectra in modern analyses. 8. State the postulates of the Bohr theory of the hydrogen atom, and use the Bohr model to derive the energy levels of hydrogen, the radii of the allowed orbits, and the allowed wavelengths corresponding to the various series in the hydrogen spectrum. 9. State the correspondence principle first postulated by Bohr, and its significance in bridging the gap between classical physics and quantum physics. Wave Mechanics. 1. Discuss the wave properties of particles, the De Broglie wavelength concept, and the dual nature of both matter and light. 2. Describe the manner in which the uncertainty principle makes possible a better understanding of the dual wave-particle nature of light and matter. 7

8 Atomic Physics. 1. For each of the quantum numbers (n, l, m, s), qualitatively describe what each implies concerning atomic structure, state the allowed values which may be assigned to each, and give the number of allowed states which may exist in a particular atom corresponding to each quantum number. 2. State the Pauli Exclusion Principle and describe its relevance to the periodic table of the elements. Show how the exclusion principle leads to the known electronic ground state configuration of the light elements. 3. State the necessary conditions for laser action. Describe briefly the operation of a helium-neon gas laser in terms of energy level diagrams. 4. Describe the process of fluorescence and its application in a fluorescent light. Nuclear Structure. 1. Use the appropriate nomenclature in describing the static properties of nuclei. 2. Describe the experiments of Rutherford which established the nuclear character of the atom's structure. 3. Discuss nuclear stability in terms of the strong nuclear force. 4. Account for nuclear binding energy in terms of the Einstein mass-energy relationship. Describe the basis for energy released by fission and fusion in terms of the shape of the graph of binding energy per nucleon versus mass number. 5. Identify each of the components of radiation that are emitted by the nucleus through natural radioactive decay and describe the basic properties of each. 6. State and apply the formula which expresses decay rate as a function of decay constant and number of radioactive nuclei. 7. Write typical equations to illustrate the process of transmutation by alpha and beta decay and explain why the neutrino must be considered in the analysis of beta decay. 8. Describe the process of carbon dating (and its limitations and assumptions) as a means of determining the age of an object. Nuclear Physics Applications. 1. Write an equation which represents a typical nuclear fission event and describe the sequence of events which occurs during the fission process. 2. Use data obtained from the binding energy curve to estimate the disintegration energy of a typical fission event. 3. Describe the basic design features and control mechanisms in a fission reactor including the functions of the moderator, control rods, and heat exchange system. 4. Identify some major safety and environmental hazards in the operation of a fission reactor. 5. Describe the basis of energy release in fusion and write out several nuclear reactions which might be used in a fusion reactor. 6. Describe briefly the basis of radiation damage in metals and living cells. 7. Describe the basic principle of operation of the Geiger counter, photographic emulsion, cloud chamber, and bubble chamber detectors of ionizing radiation. 8

9 Particle Physics. 1. Be aware of the four fundamental forces in nature and the corresponding field particles or quanta via which these forces are mediated. 2. Understand the concepts of antiparticle, pair production, and pair annihilation. 3. Know the broad classification of particles and the characteristic properties of the several classes (relative mass value, spin, decay mode). 4. Determine whether or not a suggested decay (or reaction) can occur based on the conservation of baryon number, lepton number, and strangeness. IV. LEARNING OUTCOMES Exemplary Educational Objective Objective Method of Assessment 15 and Test 1 must be greater than 1. Calculate the electric force vector and electric field vector at a specific location due to a given electric charge distribution. 2. Calculate the electric potential due to a given charge distribution. Make calculations involving capacitance are related factors (voltage, energy). 3. Solve problems using Ohm's law for series and parallel circuits. 4. Calculate the magnitude and direction of magnetic force on moving charges and current-carrying wires. Calculate the magnetic field created by currents in wires. Apply Faraday's Law to circuits in which the magnetic flux changes. 5. Using the principles of geometric optics, solve problems involving reflection and refraction of light. Determine the location of images formed by lenses and mirrors. 6. Apply the wave nature of light to problems concerning interference of light waves. 7. Solve problems of quantum physics such as photoelectric effect and Compton scattering. 8. Solve energy/mass equations for typical nuclear fission and nuclear fusion reactions. 16 and Test 1 must be greater than 17 and 18 and Test 1 must be greater than 19 and 20 and Test 2 must be greater than s 22 and 23 and Test 3 must be greater than 24 and Test 3 must be greater than s 27 and 28 and Test 4 must be greater than s 29 and 30 and Test 4 must be greater than 9