Control of Battery Energy Storage System for Wind Turbine based on DFIG during Symmetrical Grid Fault

Transcription

1 Intenational Confeence on Renewable Enegie and Powe Quality (ICREPQ 15) a Couña (Spain), 25 th to 27 th Mach, 2015 exçxãtuäx XÇxÜzç tçw céãxü dâtä àç ]ÉâÜÇtÄ (RE&PQJ) ISSN X, No.13, Apil 2015 Contol of Battey Enegy Stoage Syte fo Wind Tubine baed on DFIG duing Syetical Gid Fault T. Riouch 1,2, R. E-Bachtii 2, A. Alaey 1 and C. Nichita 1 1 Goupe de Recheche en Electotechnique et Autoatique GREAH aboatoy, Univeity of e Have e Have, Fance e-ail: taiq.iouch@gail.co, ahaedaad@yahoo.co, nichita@univ-lehave.f 2 ESSI laboatoy, FSDM USMBA Univeity REEPER Goup, EST-Fez, BP 2427, Fez MOROCCO e-ail: bachtii@yahoo.f Abtact. Thi pape peent a pecific contol tategy of Doubly Fed Induction Geneato (DFIG) conceived fo a wind tubine yte opeating unde electical gid ditubance. Two ain apect elated to DFIG behavio ae tudied: fluctuation of it output powe and ow-voltage Ride Tough capability (VRT) of wind tubine geneato yte. In ode to ooth the output powe injected in the electical gid and to ipove dynaic behavio of a vaiable peed wind tubine geneato yte unde yetical voltage dip, a contol tategy of the Battey Enegy Stoage Syte (BESS) i popoed. Siulation have been caied out in Matlab envionent, and the eult validate the effectivene of ou contol. Key wod Doubly Fed Induction Geneato, ow Voltage Ride Though, link voltage, electical gid fault. 1. Intoduction Wind enegy i one of the ot enewable enegy eouce ued to deal with the envionental degadation due to CO2 eiion fo taditional powe plant. The doubly fed induction geneato (DFIG) hown in Figue 1 i the ot ued in geneating wind powe exceeding 1 MW, thank to thee advantage: opeation with vaiable peed, decoupled contol of active and eactive powe, eliability and obutne. In addition the powe convete which anage only the lip enegy can be ized between 25% - 30% of the noinal powe of the DFIG [1],[2]. Seveal claical contol tategie ae ued to contol DFIG: diect toque contol (DTC), diect powe contol (DPC), and vecto contol (VC) [3]. Conideing the vecto contol, the tato winding of the DFIG i diectly connected to the gid, the oto winding ae connected to the gid via two convete; oto ide convete (RSC) and gid ide convete (). Thee two convete ae connected togethe via a bu. The RSC i geneally β ued fo contolling the decoupled active powe (o toque). Thi convete eceive the efeence peed calculated in the wind tubine contol unit a an optiized value uing the wind peed. In the ae tie thi contol unit calculate the blade angle β. The RSC eceive alo the eactive powe efeence, the oto cuent and line voltage to enable the vecto contol of DFIG. Reactive powe (o flux), and the fo tabilizing the bu voltage and to contol the eactive powe injected by into gid. Inceaing nube of wind fa and thei penetation in powe yte have led eeache to focu on tudie of gid electical which contain wind powe plant and the etablihent of gid code fo wind connection to the gid electical [1],[2]. V ω DFIG i ω Wind Tubine contol ω ef AC Q * RSC Contol U * Q * gc Fig.1.Configuation of a DFIG wind tubine yte The DFIG i facing two ajo poble; fit the tato of the DFIG i diectly connected to the gid; thi ake U C AC Contol f U i Gid RE&PQJ, Vol.1, No.13, Apil 2015

2 the DFIG vey enitive to the gid ditubance. When the gid i affected by a fault, the voltage at the point of coon coupling will dop cauing an ove-cuent in the tato winding. Magnetic coupling between the tato and the oto will induce an ovevoltage in oto winding with an ove-cuent in the oto. Thi ay caue the detuction of the oto ide convete and caue a voltage fluctuation of the bu [4],[5]. The econd poble i output powe fluctuation, depite of advanced contol tategy applied to DFIG, the powe injected by the Wind Tubine vaie with the vaiation of the wind velocity [6]. With the continuity of the inceaed penetation of wind powe in electic powe yte, yte opeato have evied thei code on the connection of wind fa to powe gid and fault ide-though capability. Cuently, diffeent code equie that wind tubine hould eain connected to the gid duing the fault (e.g. voltage ag); figue 2 how the fault-ide tough equieent of the voltage dip in diffeent countie. u(%) Geany Denak Spain 25 USA 15 UK Fig.2 Diffeent equieent in gid code t() The wind tubine hall eain connected duing fault fo a voltage pofile a hown in Fig. 2, If we take the cae of Geany The wind powe plant ae equied to top dawing the eactive powe and to be able to inject eactive powe within 1500 ec of gid ecovey. If the voltage on the low voltage ide of each individual geneato tanfoe fall and eain at and below 80%, the geneato ut diconnect theelve fo the gid afte 1.5 ec. Much eeach ha been done to keep the DFIG wind tubine connected to the gid and to potect convete in cae of yetical fault of the electical gid. In [7] a ethod fo uninteupted opeation of the DFIG duing fault ha been popoed. In thi tuctue the oto ide convete i blocked and the oto winding of DFIG wee hot-cicuited via a cow-ba, the DFIG becoe a conventional induction geneato, it abob eactive powe netwok and inject active powe to the electical gid. The dynaic VA copenato ae ued in DFIG wind tubine yte teinal to povide the neceay eactive powe duing a gid fault [1]. A novel contol tategy fo oothing the output powe of DFIG and potect the powe convete ha been peented in [8]. In [9] and [10] a choppe i ued to liit ovechage duing low gid voltage. A battey enegy toage yte (BESS) i ued to abob o inject the powe fo oothing the powe fluctuation due to the vaiation of the wind peed and the exce of powe tanfe to the bu via the RSC duing the fault [11]-[12]-[16]. In thi pape, an advanced contol i popoed in ode to keep the DFIG connected to electical gid. Paticulaitie of the popoed contol ae the eduction of the ovecuent in winding oto and eduction the ovehot in bu voltage, enuing the potection of the bu and powe convete. The oganization of thi pape i a follow: fitly the DFIG unde yetical fault ae tudied. Then, the popoed contol i peented. Finally, iulation eult developed in Matlab/Siulink ae peented; an analyi and a copaion between the conventional contol and the popoed contol ae effectuated. 2. DFIG unde gid fault A. DFIG Model The odel geneally ued fo the DFIG i the Pak odel [9]. Fo the iplification of the tudy, the oto vaiable will be efeed to a the tato: v u d u = R. i + dt u d u v R i j dt u =. + ω Whee i epeent the cuent, v the voltage, the agnetic flux, ω the oto electical peed and R the eitance. The ubcipt and indicate oto and tato vaiable. In the cae of DFIG, the tato winding ae diectly connected to the gid, which ean that the tato voltage v i deteined by the gid. The oto voltage v i contolled by oto ide convete and ued to pefo the achine contol. The tato and oto fluxe ae given by: u u u = i + i u u u = i + i Whee epeent the agnetizing inductance, and epeent the tato and oto inductance, epectively. The oto voltage i one of the ot ipotant vaiable fo the convete. Thi voltage i induced by the vaiation of the oto flux, which can be calculated fo (3) and (4): u u = + σ. i, σ = 1 2 σ being the leakage facto and σ the oto tanient inductance. Fo (2) and (5), the following expeion i obtained: u d di v = ( R i +σ ) (6) dt dt The oto voltage given by (6) can be divided into two ite. The fit will be efeed to a EMF it i induced by the tato flux and the econd ite i the voltage dop caued by the oto cuent in both oto tanient inductance σ and the oto eitance R. (1) (2) (5) (3) (4) RE&PQJ, Vol.1, No.13, Apil 2015

3 B. Behaviou unde Gid Fault Duing noal opeation, neglecting the tato eitance R, the tato flux linkage can be expeed a [13],[14]. u = V e t Whee ω i the tato angula fequency, V i the aplitude of tato voltage. Then the EMF induced by the tato flux linkage duing noal condition can be calculated accoding to (6) e d u = = dt V e Whee i the lip, and ω i lip angula fequency. The aplitude of the EMF e i V /, which i popotional to the lip. Typically, i vaiable between -0.3 and 0.3, o the EMF unde noal condition i elatively all. Unde yetical fault occu, the tato flux linkage would contain coponent, and can be expeed a [14],[15]. t u V (1 p) t V p τ = e + e (9) Whee p i the depth of voltage dip, and τ i the tie contant of the tato flux linkage. The fit ite i the poitive equence coponent of the tato flux linkage, and the econd ite i the coponent, which decay with the tie contant τ. Then accoding to (6), the EMF unde yetical fault can be given by: t t e = V(1 p) e V p(1 ) e e 3. Popoed contol t t τ (7) (8) (10) A cheatic diaga of the DFIG with popoed contol i hown in figue 3. The popoed chee conit of a oto ide ac/ convete (RSC), a link capacito with Battey Enegy Stoage Syte (BESS), and a gid ide /ac convete (), a hown in Fig. 3. A. PI-Contolle-Baed Voltage Contolle The popoed chee i contolled by the two-loop PI contol deign, i.e., one inne loop contolling the cuent I and one oute loop contolling voltage V. Fo oute voltage loop can be deigned a: I * = C. k p( V V * ) + C. ki ( V V * ) (12) Whee k p and k i ae the popotional and integal gain, epectively. The cicuit can be expeed uing the cuent balancing equation a: dv I I I C dt RSC = + ESS + (13) Fig.4. Block diaga of Buck convete 4. Siulation and Dicuion A. Siulation To achieve the eult of ou theoetical tudy, the odel block of the Figue 3 ha been ipleented in the MATAB/Siulink. The odel contain ix Wind Tubine baed DFIG connected to the gid. Each wind tubine ha the ae popoed contol. The fault occu on the powe gid. The default tat at t i = 0.8 and finih at t f =1.4, the default affect all thee phae and caue a fall of voltage of 60% of the ated voltage hown in figue 6, wind velocity i conideed andoly a hown in figue 5. The paaete ued fo the iulation ae given in the Table 1. TABE I. SPECIFICATIONS USED FOR THE SIMUATION Coponent Pat nae Rating value DFIG Rated Geneato Powe 6 1,5 MW V Rated Teinal tato voltage 690 V f Rated fequency 50 Hz R Stato Reitance Ω Stato leakage inductance H R Roto Reitance Ω Roto leakage inductance H V Rated -link Voltage 1150 V Cd Input Capacitance 10µF C d Capacitance of buck convete 5µF Inductance of buck convete 3.9 H f Switching Fequency 50 KHZ Kp Popotional coefficient 62,8 Ki Integal coefficient 987 Fig.3. Schee of the popoed contol RE&PQJ, Vol.1, No.13, Apil 2015

4 Fig.5 Wind peed evolution Fig.9. Output active powe Fig.6. Gid Voltage Fig.10. Output eactive powe Fig.7. Roto cuent without the popoed contol Fig.11. -link voltage B. Dicuion: Fig.8. Roto cuent with the popoed contol Fig.7 epeent the oto cuent of DFIG with the conventional contol unde fault. Fig. 8 how the educed peak of the oto cuent with the popoed contol. Active powe injected to electical gid i hown in fig. 9, the fluctuation i oothed peciely between t i =0.8 and t f =1.4 Fig.10 epeent the eactive powe of DFIG with the conventional contol and with the popoed contol, We can ee that it i kept aound zeo. Fig.11. how the fluctuation of the bu voltage with conventional contol which could each 1425 V; thi ay detoy the powe convete and detabilize the dynaic pefoance of DFIG. With the popoed contol the bu voltage becoe oe table with light fluctuation copaed to ovehoot of the bu voltage obeved with conventional contol RE&PQJ, Vol.1, No.13, Apil 2015

5 5. Concluion In thi pape, a contol tategy fo DFIG yte ha been popoed to enhance low voltage ide though capability. The popoed contol tategy intoduce a battey enegy toage yte fo potecting the link and the two convete and RSC. Copaing with the taditional contol tategy, the popoed tuctue give a bette tanient behavio fo DFIG baed yte. Siulation eult, obtained with an inignificant additional coputation tie, confied the efficacy of the popoed contol tategy with two ain eult: the eduction of the peak of the oto cuent and oothing the fluctuation of the -link voltage duing yetical gid fault. Acknowledgeent The eeach developed in thi pape i pefoed in the GREAH aboatoy of the Univeity of e Have and i funded by BATTUTA Poject in the fae of the Euopean ERASMUS MUNDUS poga. Refeence [1] J. iang, W. Qiao and R.G Haley, Feed-Fowad Tanient Cuent Contol fo ow-voltage Ride-Though Enhanceent of DFIG Wind Tubine IEEE Tan. on enegy Conveion, vol. 25, no. 3, pp , Septebe [2] S. Hu, X. in, Y. Kang, and X. Zou, An ipoved lowvoltage ide-though contol tategy of doubly fed induction geneato duing gid fault IEEE Tanaction Powe Electon., Vol. 26, no. 12,pp , Decebe [3] E.Teblay, S.Atayde and A.Chanda, Copaative Study of Contol Stategie fo the Doubly Fed Induction Geneato in Wind Enegy Conveion Syte: A DSP- Baed Ipleentation Appoach, IEEE Tan. Sutainable enegy, vol. 2, no. 3, pp , july [4] T. Sun, Z. Chen and F. Blaabjeg, "Voltage ecovey of gid-connected wind tubine afte a hot-cicuit fault," Poceeding of the 29 th Annual Confeence of the IEEE Indutial Electonic Society (IECON '03), vol. 3, Nov. 2-6, 2003, pp [5] A. O. Ibahi, T. H. Nguyen, D.C. ee and S.C Ki, A Fault Ride-Though Technique of DFIG Wind Tubine Syte Uing Dynaic Voltage Retoe IEEE Tan. On Enegy Conveion, Vol. 26, no. 3: pp , Septebe [6] H.Huang and C. Y. Chung, Coodinated Daping Contol Deign fo DFIG-Baed Wind Geneation Conideing Powe Output Vaiation IEEE Tan. Powe Syte, vol. 27, no. 4,pp , Novebe [7] J. Moen and S. W. H. de Hann, Ride though of wind tubine with doubly-fed induction geneato duing a voltage dip, IEEE Tan. Enegy Conve., vol. 20, no. 2, pp , Jun [8] T. Riouch and R. E-Bachtii, New contol tategy to educe the fluctuation of the bu of a wind tubine uing the DFIG, Jounal of Theoetical and Applied Infoation Technology, Vol. 40,no.2, June [9] I. Elich, J. Ketchann, J. Fotann, S. Muelle- Engelhadt, and H. Wede, Modeling of wind tubine baed on doubly-fed induction geneato fo powe yte tability tudie, IEEE Tan. Powe Syt., vol. 22, no. 3, pp , Aug [10] I. Elich, H. Wede, and C. Felte, Dynaic behavio of DFIG-baed wind tubine duing gid fault, peented at the Powe Conve. Conf., Nagoya, Japan, Apil 2 5, [11] T. Riouch and R. E-BACHTIRI Copaative Study of Fuzzy ogic Contolle and Sliding Mode fo Enhancing the Behavio of the DFIG Unde Fault in Poc. IEEE (ICMCS'14) Apil [12] T. Riouch and R. E-BACHTIRI Ipoveent ow- Voltage Ride-Though Contol of DFIG Duing Gid Fault in Poc. IEEE (ICMCS'14) Apil [13] J. opez, P. Sanchi, X. Roboa, and. Maoyo, Dynaic behavio of the doubly-fed induction geneato duing thee-phae voltage dip, IEEE Tan Enegy Conve., vol. 22, no. 3, pp , Sep [14] S. Xiao, G. Yang, H. Zhou and H. Geng, A VRT Contol Stategy baed on Flux inkage Tacking fo DFIG-baed WECS IEEE Tan. Ind. Electon., vol. 60, no. 7, pp , July [15] J. opez, P. Sanchi, X. Roboa and. Maoyo "Dynaic behavio of the doublyfed induction geneato duing thee-phae voltage dip", IEEE Tan. Enegy Conve., vol. 22, no. 3, pp , Septebe [16] T. Riouch and R. E. Bachtii Robut contol of the active and eactive powe exchanged with the oto of the DFIG and the gid WSEAS Tan.on Envionent and Developent, Vol. 9, no. 1, pp ,, Januay RE&PQJ, Vol.1, No.13, Apil 2015