Physics 231. Topic 5: Energy and Work. Alex Brown October 2, MSU Physics 231 Fall
|
|
- Gladys Henderson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Physics 231 Topic 5: Energy and Work Alex Brown October 2, 2015 MSU Physics 231 Fall
2 What s up? (Friday Sept 26) 1) The correction exam is now open. The exam grades will be sent out after that on Wednesday Oct 7. 2) Homework 04 is due Tuesday Oct 13 th and covers Chapters 5 and 6. It is a little longer that usual so you may want to start early. MSU Physics 231 Fall
3 MSU Physics 231 Fall
4 Key Concepts: Work and Energy Work and Energy Work and it s association with forces Constant forces (driving up a hill) Variable forces (stretching a spring) Kinetic Energy Work Energy Theorem Relationship to velocity Potential Energy Conservation of Mechanical Energy Power Covers chapter 5 in Rex & Wolfson MSU Physics 231 Fall
5 What is Energy? Motion kinetic energy Ability to produce motion potential energy How to we transfer energy? MSU Physics 231 Fall
6 Work and Energy Work: Transfer of energy Quantitatively: The work W done by a constant force on an object is the product of the force along the direction of displacement and the magnitude of displacement. W = (Fcos ) x = F x x Units: N m = Joule 1 calorie = J Fcos F 1 Calorie = 4184 J = 1 kcal x MSU Physics 231 Fall
7 Non-constant force/angle W=(Fcos ) x: what if Fcos is not constant while covering x? x F Fcos Example: what if or F changes while pulling the block? Area= A=(Fcos ) x Fcos W= ( A)=total area x x x The work done is the area under the graph of Fcos vs x MSU Physics 231 Fall
8 Example 4 m A person drags a block over a floor with a force parallel to the floor. Force 4N 2N After 4 meters, the floor turns rough and instead of a force of 2N a force of 4N must be applied. 0 The force-distance diagram shows the situation. 4 8 m distance How much work did the person do over 8 meter? a) 0 J b) 16 J c) 20 J d) 24 J e) 32 J Work: area under F-x diagram: 4x2 + 4x4 = 24 J MSU Physics 231 Fall
9 Work and Energy Positive work is done when the angle is less than 90 degrees, energy goes into the object 1) energy can be stored (potential energy increases) 2) motion can be created (kinetic energy increases) MSU Physics 231 Fall
10 Work and Energy Negative work when the angle between the force and the displacement is more the 90 degrees, energy is removed: 1) stored energy can be decreased (potential energy decreases) 2) motion can be reduced (kinetic energy decreases) Special case for friction force, the angle is 180 degrees; potential or kinetic energy is removed and heat is created No work when the angle between the force and the displacement is equal to 90 degrees MSU Physics 231 Fall
11 Work and Energy Sled is pulled across a surface at constant speed. Where does the energy go in this case? Answer: two forces are acting; the energy goes into friction (the ground/sled heat up!) MSU Physics 231 Fall
12 Clicker Question: Tension and Work A ball tied to a string is being whirled around in a circle. What can you say about the work done by tension? a) tension does no work at all b) tension does negative work c) tension does positive work No work is done because the force acts in a perpendicular direction to the displacement. Using the definition of work W = F (Δs) cos because = 90 º, then W = 0. T v MSU Physics 231 Fall
13 Power: The rate of energy transfer Work (the amount of energy transfer) is independent of time. W=(Fcos ) x total over all time To measure how fast we transfer the energy we define: Power = P = (Work/time) = (W/ t) (J/s=Watt) P = (Fcos ) x/ t = (Fcos ) v average 1 Watt = horsepower MSU Physics 231 Fall
14 A Runner While running, a person dissipates about 0.60 J of mechanical energy per step per kg of body mass. A) If a 60 kg person develops a power of 70 Watt during a race (distance = L), how fast is she running (1 step=1.5 m)? B) What is the force the person exerts on the road? W=F x P=W/ t=fv A) Work per step: (0.60 J/kg) (60 kg) = 36 J Work during race: (36 J) [( L ) / ( step-length )] = (36 J) ( L) / (1.5 m) = (24L) J/m Power = W/ t = 24 L/ t = 24 v = 70 Watts v =2.9 m/s B) F=P/v so F=24 N MSU Physics 231 Fall
15 Net Work When many forces are acting the net work done by all of them is the sum of each term W net = (F x1 + F x2..) x = = F x,net x= (F net cos ) x MSU Physics 231 Fall
16 Question A worker pushes a wheelbarrow with a force of 50 N over a distance of 10 m. A frictional force acts on the wheelbarrow in the opposite direction, with a magnitude of 30 N. What net work is done on the wheelbarrow? a) 0 b) 100 J c) 200 J d) 300 J e) 500 J W net = F x,net x = (50-30) (10) = 200 J MSU Physics 231 Fall
17 Example h=100m A toy rocket of 5.0 kg, after the initial acceleration stage, the speed is constant and travels 100 m in 2 seconds. A) What is the work done by the engine? B) What is the power of the engine? A) W = (Fcos ) h = m rocket g h = (5.0 kg) (9.81 m/s 2 ) (100 m) = 4905 J Force by engine must balance gravity! B) P=W/ t = 4905/2=2453 Watt (=3.3 horsepower) or P=(Fcos )v = mg(h/t) = /2=2453 Watt MSU Physics 231 Fall
18 Clicker Question: Force and Work A box is being pulled up a rough incline by a rope connected to a pulley. How many forces are doing non zero work on the box? W = (Fcos ) x a) one force b) two forces c) three forces d) four forces e) no forces are doing work Any force not perpendicular to the motion will do work: N does no work T does positive work f k does negative work T N Mg sin mg sin does negative work mg MSU Physics 231 Fall f k
19 Potential Energy Potential energy (PE): energy associated with the position of an object within some system. Gravitational potential energy: Consider the work done by the gravity in case of a falling object: W = (Fcos ) x W gravity = F g cos(0 o ) h = mg h = mg h i mg h f = PE i -PE f The system is the gravitational field of the earth. PE = mgh Since we are usually interested in the change in gravitational potential energy, we can choose the ground level (h=0) in a convenient way. MSU Physics 231 Fall
20 (A) v f v 0 at (B) x v t o 1 at 2 2 (C) x v t f 1 at 2 2 (D) 1 2 x v v ) t f ( 0 vt (E) x 2 1 ( v v 2a f 2 0 ) MSU Physics 231 Fall
21 Kinetic energy: Consider an object that changes speed only t=0 V O x=100m t=2s V f W = Fcos x = (ma) x used Newton s second law (E) x = (v f2 -v 02 )/2a W=½m(v f2 -v 02 ) = ½mv f 2 -½mv 0 2 Kinetic energy: KE=½mv 2 When work is done on an object and the only change is its speed: The work done is equal to the change in KE: W = KE final -KE initial = KE f -KE i MSU Physics 231 Fall
22 Conservation of energy Mechanical energy = Potential Energy + Kinetic energy ME = PE + KE Mechanical energy is conserved if: the system is closed (no energy can enter or leave) the forces are conservative (see soon) We re not talking about this! Heat, chemical energy (e.g battery or fuel in an engine) Are sources or sinks of internal energy (not mechanical). MSU Physics 231 Fall
23 Example of closed system An object (0.2 kg) is dropped from a height of 35 m. Assuming no friction, what is the velocity when it reaches the ground? t=0 s h=35 m v=0 m/s t>0 s v at h=0? At launch: ME = mgh + ½mv = J At ground: ME = mgh + ½mv 2 =0 + ½ 0.2 v 2 = 0.1 v 2 J Conservation of ME: J = 0.1 v 2 J v = 26.2 m/s MSU Physics 231 Fall
24 Clicker Quiz! A energy time In the absence of friction, which energy-time diagram is correct? potential energy total energy kinetic energy B C energy energy time time MSU Physics 231 Fall
25 Where is the kinetic energy 1) highest? 2) lowest? Parabolic Motion t=0 t=1 t=2 t=3 t=5 A B C D E MSU Physics 231 Fall
26 Where is the potential energy 1) highest? 2) lowest? Parabolic Motion t=0 t=1 t=2 t=3 t=5 A B C D E MSU Physics 231 Fall
27 A swing If released from rest, what is the velocity of the ball at the lowest point? 30 o L=5m (PE+KE) = constant h PE release =mgh (h=5-5cos(30 o )) =6.57m J KE release =0 PE bottom =0 KE bottom =½mv 2 ½mv 2 =6.57m so v=3.6 m/s MSU Physics 231 Fall
28 A B h Ball on a track end h end In which case has the ball the highest velocity at the end? A) Case A B) Case B C) Same speed In which case does it take the longest time to get to the end? A) Case A B) Case B C) Same time MSU Physics 231 Fall
29 Conservation of mechanical energy Mechanical energy = potential energy + kinetic energy In a closed system, mechanical energy is conserved * V=100 m/s ME = PE+KE = mgh + ½mv 2 = constant h=100m M=5 kg What about the accelerating rocket? At launch: ME = 5*9.81*0 + ½5*0 2 = 0 J At 100 m height: ME = 5*9.81*100 + ½5*100 2 = J V O =0 We did not consider Fuel burning -Another source of energy that is not mechanical energy MSU Physics 231 Fall
30 MSU Physics 231 Fall
31 Roller coaster KE PE TME NC KE PE TME NC With friction KE PE TME NC KE PE TME NC KE PE TME NC MSU Physics 231 Fall
32 Conservative Forces A force is conservative if the work done by the force when Moving an object from A to B does not depend on the path taken from A to B. Example: work done by gravitational force Using the stairs: W g = mgh f -mgh i = mg(h f -h i ) h=10m Using the elevator: W g = mgh f -mgh i = mg(h f -h i ) The path taken (longer or shorter) does not matter: only the displacement does! MSU Physics 231 Fall
33 Non-Conservative Forces A force is non-conservative if the work done by the force when moving an object from A to B depends on the path taken from A to B. object on rough surface top view Example: Friction You have to perform more work against friction if you take the long path, compared to the short path. The friction force changes kinetic energy into heat. (In this example difference forces are applied so that the KE is the same at the end.) MSU Physics 231 Fall
34 Conservation of mechanical energy only holds if the system is closed AND all forces are conservative ME i -ME f =(PE+KE) i -(PE+KE) f =0 if all forces are conservative Example: throwing a snowball from a building neglecting air resistance ME i -ME f =(PE+KE) i -(PE+KE) f =E nc if some forces are nonconservative. E nc =positive energy dissipated by non-conservative forces (in the books notation E nc = -W f ) Example: throwing a snowball from a building taking into account air resistance MSU Physics 231 Fall
35 Overview Equations of kinematics x(t)=xo + Vo t + ½at 2 v(t)=vo + at Conservation of mechanical energy ME i = ME f E nc =0 Closed system Newton s second Law F=ma Work-energy Theorem E nc =ME i -ME f Work W=(Fcos ) x MSU Physics 231 Fall
36 Clicker Quiz! A energy time When there is friction, which mechanical energy-time diagram is correct? potential energy total energy kinetic energy B C energy energy time time MSU Physics 231 Fall
37 Question Old faithful geyser in Yellowstone park shoots water hourly to a height of 40 m. With what velocity does the water leave the ground? a) 7.0 m/s b) 14 m/s c) 20 m/s d) 28 m/s e) don t know Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4: KE i + PE i = KE f + PE f KE = ½ mv 2 PE = mgh At ground level: ME = ½mv 2 + mgh = ½mv = ½mv 2 At highest point: ME = ½mv 2 + mgh = 0 + m*9.81*40 = 392m Conservation of energy: ½mv 2 = 392m v 2 = 2x392 so v=28 m/s MSU Physics 231 Fall
38 Conservation of mechanical energy 5 kg M1 4.0 m M2 3 kg = v 2 v= 3.13 m/s What is the speed of m 1 and m 2 when they pass each other? ME = (PE 1 +PE 2 +KE 1 +KE 2 )=constant At time of release: PE 1i = m 1 gh 1i = 5.00*9.81*4.00 = J PE 2i = m 2 gh 2i = 3.00*9.81*0.00 = 0.00 J KE 1i = ½m 1 v 2 i = 0.5*5.00*(0.) 2 = 0.00 J KE 2i = ½m 1 v 2 i =0.5*3.00*(0.) 2 = 0.00 J Total = J At time of passing: PE 1f = m 1 gh 1f = 5.00*9.81*2.00 = 98.0 J PE 2f = m 2 gh 2f = 3.00*9.81*2.00 = 58.8 J KE 1f = ½m 1 v 2 = 0.5*5.00*(v) 2 = 2.5v 2 J KE 2f = ½m 2 v 2 = 0.5*3.00*(v) 2 = 1.5v 2 J Total = v 2 J MSU Physics 231 Fall
39 Friction (non-conservative) The pulley is now not frictionless. The friction force equals 5 N. What is the speed of the objects when they pass? ME i = ME f + E nc E nc = f friction x = 5.00*2.00 = 10.0 J 5 kg M1 4.0 m M2 3 kg = v 2 v=2.7 m/s Without Friction: v= 3.13 m/s MSU Physics 231 Fall
40 Question! 5 kg M1 4.0 m 3 kg M2 TRUE TRUE FALSE In the absence of friction, when m 1 starts to move down: 1) potential energy is transferred from m 1 to m 2 2) potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy 3) m 1 and m 2 have the same kinetic energy MSU Physics 231 Fall
41 Question A ball rolls down a slope as shown in the figure. The starting velocity is 0 m/s. There is some friction between the ball and the slope. Which of the following is true? h a) The kinetic energy of the ball at the bottom of the slope equals the potential energy at the top of the slope b) The kinetic energy of the ball at the bottom of the slope is smaller than the potential energy at the top of the slope c) The kinetic energy of the ball at the bottom of the slope is larger than the potential energy at the top of the slope MSU Physics 231 Fall
42 Quiz A ball rolls down a slope and back up a more shallow slope as shown in the figure. The starting velocity is 0 m/s. There is some friction between the ball and the slope. Which is true? h1 h2 a) The maximum height reached on the right (h2) is the same as the height the ball started at on the left (h1) b) The maximum height reached on the right (h2) is smaller than the height the ball started at on the left (h1) c) The maximum height reached on the right (h2) is larger than the height the ball started at on the left (h1) MSU Physics 231 Fall
43 Question A ball of 1 kg rolls up a ramp, with initial velocity of 6 m/s. It reaches a maximum height of 1 m (i.e., the velocity is 0 m/s at that point). How much energy is dissipated by friction? a) 0. b) 8.2 J c) 9.8 J d) 18 J e) 27.8 J ME i ME f = E nc (KE i +PE i ) - (KE f +PE f )= E nc kinetic energy: ½mv 2 potential energy: mgh g=9.81 m/s 2 Initial: ME = ½mv 2 (kinetic only) = ½x1x6 2 = 18 J Final: ME = mgh (potential only) = 1x9.8x1 = 9.8 J E nc = = 8.2 J MSU Physics 231 Fall
44 Question An outfielder who is 2M tall throws a baseball of 0.15 kg at a speed of 40 m/s and angle of 30 degrees with the field. What is the kinetic energy of the baseball at the highest point, ignoring friction? a) 0 J b) 30 J c) 90 J d) 120 J e) don t know Two components of velocity at start: v ox = v o cos(30 o ) = 34.6 m/s v oy = v o sin(30 o ) = 20 m/s At highest point: only horizontal velocity v x = v ox = 34.6 m/s v y = 0 m/s kinetic energy: ½mv 2 = ½(0.15)(34.6) 2 = 90 J MSU Physics 231 Fall
45 Question An outfielder who is 2m tall throws a baseball of 0.15 kg at a speed of 40 m/s and angle of 30 degrees with the field. How high does the ball go at its highest point, ignoring friction? Initial: KE + PE = ½mv 2 + mgh = ½ (0.15)(40) 2 + (0.15)(9.81)(2) = At highest point: KE + PE = 90 + mgh = h = h h = 22.4 m ie, the ball travels 20.4 m higher than the player s height MSU Physics 231 Fall
46 Work and Energy Work: W = Fcos( ) x Energy transfer The work done is the same as the area under the graph of Fcos versus x Power: P = W/ t Rate of energy transfer Potential energy (PE) Energy associated with position. Gravitational PE: mgh Energy associated with position in grav. field. Kinetic energy KE: ½mv 2 Energy associated with motion Conservative force: Work done does not depend on path Non-conservative force: Mechanical energy ME: Work done does depend on path ME = KE + PE Conserved if only conservative forces are present ME i = ME f Not conserved in the presence of non-conservative forces ME i = ME f + E nc MSU Physics 231 Fall
47 Question: Free Fall 1 2 Two stones, one twice the mass of the other, are dropped from a cliff. Just before hitting the ground, what is the VELOCITY of the heavy stone compared to the light one? a) quarter as much b) half as much c) the same d) twice as much e) four times as much All freely falling objects fall with the same acceleration (g=9.81 m/s 2 ). Because the acceleration is the same for both, and the distance is the same for both, then the final velocities will be the same for both stones. MSU Physics 231 Fall
48 Quiz: Free Fall 2 Two stones, one twice the mass of the other, are dropped from a cliff. Just before hitting the ground, what is the KINETIC ENERGY of the heavy stone compared to the light one? a) quarter as much b) half as much c) the same d) twice as much e) four times as much KE i + PE i = KE f + PE f Consider the work done by gravity to make the stone fall distance d: KE = W net = F d cos KE = mgd Thus, the stone with the greater mass has the greater KE, which is twice as big for the heavy stone. MSU Physics 231 Fall
PHYSICS 231 Energy & work!
PHYSICS 231 Energy & work! Remco Zegers 1 WORK Work: Transfer of energy Quantitatively: The work W done by a constant force on an object is the product of the force along the direction of displacement
More informationPHYSICS 231 Chapter 5: Energy & work!
PHYSICS 231 Chapter 5: Energy & work! Remco Zegers 1 WORK Work: Transfer of energy Quantitatively: The work W done by a constant force on an object is the product of the force along the direction of displacement
More informationReview. Kinetic Energy Work Hooke s s Law Potential Energy Conservation of Energy Power 1/91
Review Kinetic Energy Work Hooke s s Law Potential Energy Conservation of Energy Power 1/91 The unit of work is the A. Newton B. Watt C. Joule D. Meter E. Second 2/91 The unit of work is the A. Newton
More informationChapter 6 Energy and Oscillations
Chapter 6 Energy and Oscillations Conservation of Energy In this chapter we will discuss one of the most important and fundamental principles in the universe. Energy is conserved. This means that in any
More informationPSI AP Physics I Work and Energy
PSI AP Physics I Work and Energy Multiple-Choice questions 1. A driver in a 2000 kg Porsche wishes to pass a slow moving school bus on a 4 lane road. What is the average power in watts required to accelerate
More informationPhysics 1A, Summer 2011, Summer Session 1 Quiz 3, Version A 1
Physics 1A, Summer 2011, Summer Session 1 Quiz 3, Version A 1 Closed book and closed notes. No work needs to be shown. 1. Three rocks are thrown with identical speeds from the top of the same building.
More informationSlide 1 / 76. Work & Energy Multiple Choice Problems
Slide 1 / 76 Work & Energy Multiple Choice Problems Slide 2 / 76 1 A driver in a 2000 kg Porsche wishes to pass a slow moving school bus on a 4 lane road. What is the average power in watts required to
More information2 possibilities. 2.) Work is done and... 1.) Work is done and... *** The function of work is to change energy ***
Work-Energy Theorem and Energy Conservation *** The function of work is to change energy *** 2 possibilities 1.) Work is done and... or 2.) Work is done and... 1 EX: A 100 N box is 10 m above the ground
More information(A) 10 m (B) 20 m (C) 25 m (D) 30 m (E) 40 m
PSI AP Physics C Work and Energy (Algebra Based) Multiple Choice Questions (use g = 10 m/s 2 ) 1. A student throws a ball upwards from the ground level where gravitational potential energy is zero. At
More information= 1 2 kx2 dw =! F! d! r = Fdr cosθ. T.E. initial. = T.E. Final. = P.E. final. + K.E. initial. + P.E. initial. K.E. initial =
Practice Template K.E. = 1 2 mv2 P.E. height = mgh P.E. spring = 1 2 kx2 dw =! F! d! r = Fdr cosθ Energy Conservation T.E. initial = T.E. Final (1) Isolated system P.E. initial (2) Energy added E added
More informationChapter 6 Work, Energy, and Power. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 6 Work, Energy, and Power What Is Physics All About? Matter Energy Force Work Done by a Constant Force The definition of work, when the force is parallel to the displacement: W = Fs SI unit: newton-meter
More information1. A sphere with a radius of 1.7 cm has a volume of: A) m 3 B) m 3 C) m 3 D) 0.11 m 3 E) 21 m 3
1. A sphere with a radius of 1.7 cm has a volume of: A) 2.1 10 5 m 3 B) 9.1 10 4 m 3 C) 3.6 10 3 m 3 D) 0.11 m 3 E) 21 m 3 2. A 25-N crate slides down a frictionless incline that is 25 above the horizontal.
More informationCPS lesson Work and Energy ANSWER KEY
CPS lesson Work and Energy ANSWER KEY 1. A ball feeder slowly pushes a bowling ball up a 1-m ramp to a height of 0.5 m above the floor. Neglecting friction, what constant force must be exerted on the 5-kg
More informationS15--AP Q1 Work and Energy PRACTICE
Name: Class: Date: S15--AP Q1 Work and Energy PRACTICE Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Rupel pushes a box 5.00 m by applying a 25.0-N horizontal
More informationPhysics 111. Lecture 15 (Walker: 7.1-2) Work & Energy March 2, Wednesday - Midterm 1
Physics 111 Lecture 15 (Walker: 7.1-2) Work & Energy March 2, 2009 Wednesday - Midterm 1 Lecture 15 1/25 Work Done by a Constant Force The definition of work, when the force is parallel to the displacement:
More information2. What would happen to his acceleration if his speed were half? Energy The ability to do work
1. A 40 kilogram boy is traveling around a carousel with radius 0.5 meters at a constant speed of 1.7 meters per second. Calculate his centripetal acceleration. 2. What would happen to his acceleration
More informationConcepTest PowerPoints
ConcepTest PowerPoints Chapter 6 Physics: Principles with Applications, 6 th edition Giancoli 2005 Pearson Prentice Hall This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for
More informationPRACTICE TEST for Midterm Exam
South Pasadena AP Physics PRACTICE TEST for Midterm Exam FORMULAS Name Period Date / / d = vt d = v o t + ½ at 2 d = v o + v 2 t v = v o + at v 2 = v 2 o + 2ad v = v x 2 + v y 2 = tan 1 v y v v x = v cos
More informationWork Done by a Constant Force
Work and Energy Work Done by a Constant Force In physics, work is described by what is accomplished when a force acts on an object, and the object moves through a distance. The work done by a constant
More informationPhysics Unit 4:Work & Energy Name:
Name: Review and Preview We have come a long way in our study of mechanics. We started with the concepts of displacement and time, and built up to the more complex quantities of velocity and acceleration.
More informationSlide 1 / 76. Slide 2 / 76. Slide 3 / 76. Work & Energy Multiple Choice Problems A 1,800 B 5,000 E 300,000. A Fdcos θ - μ mgd B Fdcos θ.
Slide 1 / 76 Work & nergy Multiple hoice Problems 1 driver in a 2000 kg Porsche wishes to pass a slow moving school bus on a 4 lane road. What is the average power in watts required to accelerate the sports
More informationName: Date: Period: AP Physics C Work HO11
Name: Date: Period: AP Physics C Work HO11 1.) Rat pushes a 25.0 kg crate a distance of 6.0 m along a level floor at constant velocity by pushing horizontally on it. The coefficient of kinetic friction
More informationBase your answers to questions 5 and 6 on the information below.
1. A car travels 90. meters due north in 15 seconds. Then the car turns around and travels 40. meters due south in 5.0 seconds. What is the magnitude of the average velocity of the car during this 20.-second
More informationExam #2, Chapters 5-7 PHYS 101-4M MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Exam #2, Chapters 5-7 Name PHYS 101-4M MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The quantity 1/2 mv2 is A) the potential energy of the object.
More informationPHYS 101 Previous Exam Problems. Kinetic Energy and
PHYS 101 Previous Exam Problems CHAPTER 7 Kinetic Energy and Work Kinetic energy Work Work-energy theorem Gravitational work Work of spring forces Power 1. A single force acts on a 5.0-kg object in such
More informationChapter 6: Work and Kinetic Energy
Chapter 6: Work and Kinetic Energy Suppose you want to find the final velocity of an object being acted on by a variable force. Newton s 2 nd law gives the differential equation (for 1D motion) dv dt =
More informationWEP-Energy. 2. If the speed of a car is doubled, the kinetic energy of the car is 1. quadrupled 2. quartered 3. doubled 4. halved
1. A 1-kilogram rock is dropped from a cliff 90 meters high. After falling 20 meters, the kinetic energy of the rock is approximately 1. 20 J 2. 200 J 3. 700 J 4. 900 J 2. If the speed of a car is doubled,
More informationSlide 2 / 76. Slide 1 / 76. Slide 3 / 76. Slide 4 / 76. Slide 6 / 76. Slide 5 / 76. Work & Energy Multiple Choice Problems A 1,800 B 5,000 E 300,000
Slide 1 / 76 Slide 2 / 76 1 driver in a 2000 kg Porsche wishes to pass a slow moving school bus on a 4 lane road. What is the average power in watts required to accelerate the sports car from 30 m/s to
More informationMomentum, Impulse, Work, Energy, Power, and Conservation Laws
Momentum, Impulse, Work, Energy, Power, and Conservation Laws 1. Cart A has a mass of 2 kilograms and a speed of 3 meters per second. Cart B has a mass of 3 kilograms and a speed of 2 meters per second.
More informationThe content contained in all sections of chapter 6 of the textbook is included on the AP Physics B exam.
WORK AND ENERGY PREVIEW Work is the scalar product of the force acting on an object and the displacement through which it acts. When work is done on or by a system, the energy of that system is always
More informationHomework #5. Ph 231 Introductory Physics, Sp-03 Page 1 of 4
Homework #. Ph Introductory Physics, Sp-0 Page of -A. A 7 kg block moves in a straight line under the influence of a force that varies with position as shown in the figure at the right. If the force is
More informationC) D) 2. The diagram below shows a worker using a rope to pull a cart.
1. Which graph best represents the relationship between the acceleration of an object falling freely near the surface of Earth and the time that it falls? 2. The diagram below shows a worker using a rope
More informationThis chapter covers all kinds of problems having to do with work in physics terms. Work
Chapter 7 Working the Physics Way In This Chapter Understanding work Working with net force Calculating kinetic energy Handling potential energy Relating kinetic energy to work This chapter covers all
More informationPhysics 231. Topic 7: Oscillations. Alex Brown October MSU Physics 231 Fall
Physics 231 Topic 7: Oscillations Alex Brown October 14-19 2015 MSU Physics 231 Fall 2015 1 Key Concepts: Springs and Oscillations Springs Periodic Motion Frequency & Period Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)
More informationGeneral Physics I Work & Energy
General Physics I Work & Energy Forms of Energy Kinetic: Energy of motion. A car on the highway has kinetic energy. We have to remove this energy to stop it. The brakes of a car get HOT! This is an example
More informationPhys101 Lectures 9 and 10 Conservation of Mechanical Energy
Phys101 Lectures 9 and 10 Conservation of Mechanical Energy Key points: Conservative and Nonconservative Forces Potential Energy Generalized work-energy principle Mechanical Energy and Its Conservation
More informations_3x03 Page 1 Physics Samples
Physics Samples KE, PE, Springs 1. A 1.0-kilogram rubber ball traveling east at 4.0 meters per second hits a wall and bounces back toward the west at 2.0 meters per second. Compared to the kinetic energy
More informationMECHANICAL (TOTAL) ENERGY
DO NOW: 1/19 If you haven t already, please take the short google form survey posted on Edmodo Please turn in your Work done by friction Lab in the top tray POTENTIAL ENERGY Stored energy An object that
More informationAP Physics 1: MIDTERM REVIEW OVER UNITS 2-4: KINEMATICS, DYNAMICS, FORCE & MOTION, WORK & POWER
MIDTERM REVIEW AP Physics 1 McNutt Name: Date: Period: AP Physics 1: MIDTERM REVIEW OVER UNITS 2-4: KINEMATICS, DYNAMICS, FORCE & MOTION, WORK & POWER 1.) A car starts from rest and uniformly accelerates
More informationCHAPTER 5. Chapter 5, Energy
CHAPTER 5 2. A very light cart holding a 300-N box is moved at constant velocity across a 15-m level surface. What is the net work done in the process? a. zero b. 1/20 J c. 20 J d. 2 000 J 4. An rock is
More informationLecture 10 Mechanical Energy Conservation; Power
Potential energy Basic energy Lecture 10 Mechanical Energy Conservation; Power ACT: Zero net work The system of pulleys shown below is used to lift a bag of mass M at constant speed a distance h from the
More informationChapter 6 Work and Energy
Chapter 6 Work and Energy Midterm exams will be available next Thursday. Assignment 6 Textbook (Giancoli, 6 th edition), Chapter 6: Due on Thursday, November 5 1. On page 162 of Giancoli, problem 4. 2.
More informationDepartment of Natural Sciences Clayton College & State University. Physics 1111 Quiz 5. a. Calculate the work done by each force on the crate.
Clayton College & State University October, 00 Physics 1111 Quiz 5 Name SOLUTION A crate of 50.0 kg mass containing a new lab instrument is dragged by enthusiastic physics students a distance of 30.0 m
More informationMomentum, Impulse, Work, Energy, Power, and Conservation Laws
Momentum, Impulse, Work, Energy, Power, and Conservation Laws 1. Cart A has a mass of 2 kilograms and a speed of 3 meters per second. Cart B has a mass of 3 kilograms and a speed of 2 meters per second.
More information1. (P2.1A) The picture below shows a ball rolling along a table at 1 second time intervals. What is the object s average velocity after 6 seconds?
PHYSICS FINAL EXAM REVIEW FIRST SEMESTER (01/2017) UNIT 1 Motion P2.1 A Calculate the average speed of an object using the change of position and elapsed time. P2.1B Represent the velocities for linear
More information(A) 10 m (B) 20 m (C) 25 m (D) 30 m (E) 40 m
Work/nergy 1. student throws a ball upward where the initial potential energy is 0. t a height of 15 meters the ball has a potential energy of 60 joules and is moving upward with a kinetic energy of 40
More informationPhysics 130: Questions to study for midterm #1 from Chapter 7
Physics 130: Questions to study for midterm #1 from Chapter 7 1. Kinetic energy is defined to be one-half the a. mass times the speed. b. mass times the speed squared. c. mass times the acceleration. d.
More informationName Lesson 7. Homework Work and Energy Problem Solving Outcomes
Physics 1 Name Lesson 7. Homework Work and Energy Problem Solving Outcomes Date 1. Define work. 2. Define energy. 3. Determine the work done by a constant force. Period 4. Determine the work done by a
More informationPower: Sources of Energy
Chapter 5 Energy Power: Sources of Energy Tidal Power SF Bay Tidal Power Project Main Ideas (Encyclopedia of Physics) Energy is an abstract quantity that an object is said to possess. It is not something
More informationChapter 5: Energy. Energy is one of the most important concepts in the world of science. Common forms of Energy
Chapter 5: Energy Energy is one of the most important concepts in the world of science. Common forms of Energy Mechanical Chemical Thermal Electromagnetic Nuclear One form of energy can be converted to
More informationPhys101 Lectures 9 and 10 Conservation of Mechanical Energy
Phys101 Lectures 9 and 10 Conservation of Mechanical Energy Key points: Conservative and Nonconservative Forces Potential Energy Generalized work-energy principle Mechanical Energy and Its Conservation
More informationWork changes Energy. Do Work Son!
1 Work changes Energy Do Work Son! 2 Do Work Son! 3 Work Energy Relationship 2 types of energy kinetic : energy of an object in motion potential: stored energy due to position or stored in a spring Work
More informationLecture 10. Potential energy and conservation of energy
Lecture 10 Potential energy and conservation of energy Today s Topics: Potential Energy and work done by conservative forces Work done by nonconservative forces Conservation of mechanical energy Potential
More informationAP Physics 1 Work Energy and Power Practice Test Name
AP Physics 1 Work Energy and Power Practice Test Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Two objects, one of mass m and the other
More informationAP Physics C Summer Assignment Kinematics
AP Physics C Summer Assignment Kinematics 1. A car whose speed is 20 m/s passes a stationary motorcycle which immediately gives chase with a constant acceleration of 2.4 m/s 2. a. How far will the motorcycle
More informationQuestion 8.1 Sign of the Energy II
Question 8. Sign of the Energy II Is it possible for the gravitational potential energy of an object to be negative? a) yes b) no Question 8. Sign of the Energy II Is it possible for the gravitational
More information(35+70) 35 g (m 1+m 2)a=m1g a = 35 a= =3.27 g 105
Coordinator: Dr. W. L-Basheer Monday, March 16, 2015 Page: 1 Q1. 70 N block and a 35 N block are connected by a massless inextendable string which is wrapped over a frictionless pulley as shown in Figure
More informationWEP-Energy. 2. If the speed of a car is doubled, the kinetic energy of the car is 1. quadrupled 2. quartered 3. doubled 4. halved
1. A 1-kilogram rock is dropped from a cliff 90 meters high. After falling 20 meters, the kinetic energy of the rock is approximately 1. 20 J 2. 200 J 3. 700 J 4. 900 J 2. If the speed of a car is doubled,
More information5.3. Conservation of Energy
5.3. Conservation of Energy Conservation of Energy Energy is never created or destroyed. Any time work is done, it is only transformed from one form to another: Kinetic Energy Potential Energy Gravitational,
More informationName. Honors Physics AND POTENTIAL KINETIC
KINETIC Name Honors Physics AND POTENTIAL Name Period Work and Energy Intro questions Read chapter 9 pages 144 146 (Section 9.1) 1. Define work in terms of physics? 2. In order to do work on an object,
More informationPre Comp Review Questions 7 th Grade
Pre Comp Review Questions 7 th Grade Section 1 Units 1. Fill in the missing SI and English Units Measurement SI Unit SI Symbol English Unit English Symbol Time second s second s. Temperature Kelvin K Fahrenheit
More informationChapters 10 & 11: Energy
Chapters 10 & 11: Energy Power: Sources of Energy Tidal Power SF Bay Tidal Power Project Main Ideas (Encyclopedia of Physics) Energy is an abstract quantity that an object is said to possess. It is not
More informationPage 1. Name:
Name: 3834-1 - Page 1 1) If a woman runs 100 meters north and then 70 meters south, her total displacement is A) 170 m south B) 170 m north C) 30 m south D) 30 m north 2) The graph below represents the
More informationUNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN Department of Physics and Engineering Physics
UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN Department of Physics and Engineering Physics Physics 115.3 MIDTERM EXAM October 18, 018 Time: 90 minutes NAME: Solutions STUDENT NO.: (Last) Please Print (Given) LECTURE SECTION
More informationPotential Energy & Conservation of Energy
PHYS 101 Previous Exam Problems CHAPTER 8 Potential Energy & Conservation of Energy Potential energy Conservation of energy conservative forces Conservation of energy friction Conservation of energy external
More informationLAHS Physics Semester 1 Final Practice Multiple Choice
LAHS Physics Semester 1 Final Practice Multiple Choice The following Multiple Choice problems are practice MC for the final. Some or none of these problems may appear on the real exam. Answers are provided
More informationWhat is Energy? Which has more energy? Who has more energy? 1/24/2017
What is Energy? Energy is a measure of an object s ability to cause a change in itself and/or its surroundings Read pages 61-7 Which has more energy? Who has more energy? Mississippi River Cargo Barge
More informationGalileo & Friction 2000 yrs prior to inertia idea, the popular belief was that all objects want to come to a rest. BUT 1600's: Galileo reasoned that
Galileo & Friction 2000 yrs prior to inertia idea, the popular belief was that all objects want to come to a rest. BUT 1600's: Galileo reasoned that moving objects eventually stop only because of a force
More informationPhys101 Second Major-162 Zero Version Coordinator: Dr. Kunwar S. Saturday, March 25, 2017 Page: N Ans:
Coordinator: Dr. Kunwar S. Saturday, March 25, 2017 Page: 1 Q1. Only two horizontal forces act on a 3.0 kg body that can move over a frictionless floor. One force is 20 N, acting due east, and the other
More informationPhys101 Second Major-152 Zero Version Coordinator: Dr. W. Basheer Monday, March 07, 2016 Page: 1
Phys101 Second Major-15 Zero Version Coordinator: Dr. W. Basheer Monday, March 07, 016 Page: 1 Q1. Figure 1 shows two masses; m 1 = 4.0 and m = 6.0 which are connected by a massless rope passing over a
More informationFinal Exam Review Topics/Problems
Final Exam Review Topics/Problems Units/Sig Figs Look at conversions Review sig figs Motion and Forces Newton s Laws X(t), v(t), a(t) graphs: look at F, displacement, accel, average velocity Boat problems/vector
More informationOld Exam. Question Chapter 7 072
Old Exam. Question Chapter 7 072 Q1.Fig 1 shows a simple pendulum, consisting of a ball of mass M = 0.50 kg, attached to one end of a massless string of length L = 1.5 m. The other end is fixed. If the
More information4) Vector = and vector = What is vector = +? A) B) C) D) E)
1) Suppose that an object is moving with constant nonzero acceleration. Which of the following is an accurate statement concerning its motion? A) In equal times its speed changes by equal amounts. B) In
More informationPractice Test for Midterm Exam
A.P. Physics Practice Test for Midterm Exam Kinematics 1. Which of the following statements are about uniformly accelerated motion? Select two answers. a) If an object s acceleration is constant then it
More informationConcepts in Physics. Friday, October 16th
1206 - Concepts in Physics Friday, October 16th Notes Assignment #4 due Wednesday, October 21 st in class (no later than noon) There are still assignments #1 and #2 in my office to be picked up... If you
More informationPhysics Midterm Review KEY
Name: Date: 1. Which quantities are scalar? A. speed and work B. velocity and force C. distance and acceleration D. momentum and power 2. A 160.-kilogram space vehicle is traveling along a straight line
More informationWork Energy Review. 1. Base your answer to the following question on the information and diagram below and on your knowledge of physics.
Name: ate: 1. ase your answer to the following question on the information and diagram below and on your knowledge of physics. student pushes a box, weighing 50. newtons, 6.0 meters up an incline at a
More informationChapter 10-Work, Energy & Power
DULLES HIGH SCHOOL Chapter 10-Work, Energy & Power Energy Transformations Judy Matney 1/12/2016 In this chapter, we will study the concepts of force and work; we will understand the transformations of
More informationKinematics. v (m/s) ii. Plot the velocity as a function of time on the following graph.
Kinematics 1993B1 (modified) A student stands in an elevator and records his acceleration as a function of time. The data are shown in the graph above. At time t = 0, the elevator is at displacement x
More informationPhysics 201 Lecture 16
Physics 01 Lecture 16 Agenda: l Review for exam Lecture 16 Newton s Laws Three blocks are connected on the table as shown. The table has a coefficient of kinetic friction of 0.350, the masses are m 1 =
More informationRegents Physics. Physics Midterm Review - Multiple Choice Problems
Name Physics Midterm Review - Multiple Choice Problems Regents Physics 1. A car traveling on a straight road at 15.0 meters per second accelerates uniformly to a speed of 21.0 meters per second in 12.0
More informationLecture 18. Newton s Laws
Agenda: l Review for exam Lecture 18 l Assignment: For Monday, Read chapter 14 Physics 207: Lecture 18, Pg 1 Newton s Laws Three blocks are connected on the table as shown. The table has a coefficient
More informationPage 1. Name: 1) If a man walks 17 meters east then 17 meters south, the magnitude of the man's displacement is A) 34 m B) 30.
Name: 1) If a man walks 17 meters east then 17 meters south, the magnitude of the man's displacement is 34 m 30. m 17 m 24 m 2) The graph below represents the motion of a body that is moving with 6) Which
More information1982B1. The first meters of a 100-meter dash are covered in 2 seconds by a sprinter who starts from rest and accelerates with a constant
1982B1. The first meters of a 100-meter dash are covered in 2 seconds by a sprinter who starts from rest and accelerates with a constant acceleration. The remaining 90 meters are run with the same velocity
More informationPhysics Test Review: Mechanics Session: Name:
Directions: For each statement or question, write in the answer box, the number of the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The diagram below
More informationMultiple-Choice questions
AP Physics I Work and Energy Multiple-Choice questions 1. A force F is at an angle θ above the horizontal and is used to pull a heavy suitcase of weight mg a distance d along a level floor at constant
More informationPotential Energy and Conservation of Energy Chap. 7 & 8
Level : AP Physics Potential Energy and Conservation of Energy Chap. 7 & 8 Potential Energy of a System see p.191 in the textbook - Potential energy is the energy associated with the arrangement of a system
More informationKinetic Energy. energy! l The kinetic energy of an object depends both on the mass of an object and its speed
l 1 more day for LON-CAPA #4 l First exam: Feb 6 in Life Sciences A133 1:00 2:20 PM 40 questions, should not take full time review in 2 nd half of this lecture you may bring 1 8.5 X11 sheet of paper with
More informationPHYSICS 221, FALL 2009 EXAM #1 SOLUTIONS WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 30, 2009
PHYSICS 221, FALL 2009 EXAM #1 SOLUTIONS WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 30, 2009 Note: The unit vectors in the +x, +y, and +z directions of a right-handed Cartesian coordinate system are î, ĵ, and ˆk, respectively.
More informationModule VII: Work. Background/Support Information
Background/Support Information NAME: DATE: Module VII: Work OBJECTIVES/PURPOSE Students will: define the concept of work as force times distance distinguish the relation of work to energy apply the concept
More informationRELEASED. Go to next page. 2. The graph shows the acceleration of a car over time.
1. n object is launched across a room. How can a student determine the average horizontal velocity of the object using a meter stick and a calculator? The student can calculate the object s initial potential
More informationOld Exams Questions Ch. 8 T072 Q2.: Q5. Q7.
Old Exams Questions Ch. 8 T072 Q2.: A ball slides without friction around a loop-the-loop (see Fig 2). A ball is released, from rest, at a height h from the left side of the loop of radius R. What is the
More informationUnit 4 Work, Power & Conservation of Energy Workbook
Name: Per: AP Physics C Semester 1 - Mechanics Unit 4 Work, Power & Conservation of Energy Workbook Unit 4 - Work, Power, & Conservation of Energy Supplements to Text Readings from Fundamentals of Physics
More information(a) On the dots below that represent the students, draw and label free-body diagrams showing the forces on Student A and on Student B.
2003 B1. (15 points) A rope of negligible mass passes over a pulley of negligible mass attached to the ceiling, as shown above. One end of the rope is held by Student A of mass 70 kg, who is at rest on
More informationPhysics 207 Lecture 17
Physics 207, Lecture 17, Oct. 31 Agenda: Review for exam Exam will be held in rooms B102 & B130 in Van Vleck at 7:15 PM Example Gravity, Normal Forces etc. Consider a women on a swing: Assignment: MP Homework
More informationPhysics 103, Practice Midterm Exam 2
Physics 103, Practice Midterm Exam 2 1) A rock of mass m is whirled in a horizontal circle on a string of length L. The period of its motion is T seconds. If the length of the string is increased to 4L
More informationCHAPTER 6 WORK AND ENERGY
CHAPTER 6 WORK AND ENERGY ANSWERS TO FOCUS ON CONCEPTS QUESTIONS (e) When the force is perpendicular to the displacement, as in C, there is no work When the force points in the same direction as the displacement,
More informationConservative vs. Non-conservative forces Gravitational Potential Energy. Conservation of Mechanical energy
Next topic Conservative vs. Non-conservative forces Gravitational Potential Energy Mechanical Energy Conservation of Mechanical energy Work done by non-conservative forces and changes in mechanical energy
More informationMomentum & Energy Review Checklist
Momentum & Energy Review Checklist Impulse and Momentum 3.1.1 Use equations to calculate impulse; momentum; initial speed; final speed; force; or time. An object with a mass of 5 kilograms is moving at
More informationAnnouncements. Principle of Work and Energy - Sections Engr222 Spring 2004 Chapter Test Wednesday
Announcements Test Wednesday Closed book 3 page sheet sheet (on web) Calculator Chap 12.6-10, 13.1-6 Principle of Work and Energy - Sections 14.1-3 Today s Objectives: Students will be able to: a) Calculate
More information