The Kepler Legacy Continues: A Catalog of K2 Planets David R. Ciardi NExScI/Caltech

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1 The Kepler Legacy Continues: A Catalog of K2 Planets David R. Ciardi NExScI/Caltech I A N J. M. C R O S S F I E L D, E R I K A. P E T I G U R A, E V A N S I N U K O F F, J O S H U A E. S C H L I E D E R, A N D R E W W. H O W A R D, C H A R L E S A. B E I C H M A N, H O W A R D I S A A C S O N, C O U R T N E Y D R E S S I N G, J E S S I E L. C H R I S T I A N S E N, B E N J A M I N J. F U L T O N, S E B A S T I E N L E P I N E, L A U R E N W E I S S, L E A H I R S C H, J O H N L I V I N G S T O N, C H R I S T O P H B A R A N E C, N I C H O L A S M. L A W, R E E D R I D D L E, C A R L Z I E G L E R, S T E V E B. H O W E L L, E L L I O T T H O R C H, M A R K E V E R E T T, J O H A N N A T E S K E, A R T U R O O. M A R T I N E Z, C H R I S T I A N O B E R M E I E R, NIC S C O T T, K I M B E R L Y M. A L L E R, B R A D M. S. H A N S E N, L U I G I M A N C I N I, S I M O N A C I C E R I, R A F A E L B R A H M, A N D R E S J O R D A N, B J O R N B E N N E K E, H E A T H E R A. K N U T S O N, T H O M A S H E N N I N G, M I C H A E L B O N N E F O Y, M I C H A E L C. L I U, J U S T I N R. C R E P P, J O S H U A L O T H R I N G E R, P H I L H I N Z, V A N E S S A B A I L E Y, A N D R E W S K E M E R, D E N I S D E F R E R E C R O S S F I E L D, C I A R D I, E T A L

2 Campaigns 0 4: Adaptation of TERRA pipeline 196 Candidate Planets 104 Confirmed Planets 46 Planets in multi-planet systems 68 Candidates; 24 False Positives 2

3 Good Planet Radii Require Good Stellar Radii and a Good Understanding of the Photometric Blending 3 Observed Transit Depth True Transit Depth

4 Establishing A Follow-Up Program All K2 Candidates need additional support observations to validate the candidacy of the planets Spectroscopy Determine stellar parameters Teff, log(g), [Fe/H] Stellar Radius (R * ) Planet Radius (R p ) Determine if host stars are binaries (double-lines and RV variation) Establish good candidates for radial velocity follow-up Imaging Determine if there any stars within the K2 photometric aperture correct the measured transit depths Determine if the stars are binaries Radial Velocity for select set of candidates for masses 4

5 A Large Number of Telescopes 5 Imaging Spectroscopy

6 A Large Number of Telescopes Spectra 6 Imaging Spectroscopy Keck HIRES APF IRTF SPEX NTT SOFI ESO 2.2m FEROS Palomar Triplespec Palomar Doublespec

7 A Large Number of Telescopes Spectra Spectra are fit to templates and isochrones to derive stellar parameters Search spectra for lines secondary lines 7

8 A Large Number of Telescopes Imaging Keck NIRC2 Palomar 200 PHARO LBT LMIRCam Gemini-N NIRI Gemini-N/S Speckle Gemini-S GNIRS Imaging Robo-AO Spectroscopy 8

9 A Large Number of Telescopes Imaging Resolution: Sensitivity: Dm = 5 10 mag ~25% of K2-candidates show companion with in 10 9

10 Proper Motion Finds Hidden Background Stars 10 K2 targets are often close with large proper motions Archival image data can be searched for background stars hidden today (even with high resolution) K motion in 37 years

11 Candidate Rates Similar to Kepler 11

12 False Positive Rates Similar to Kepler Largest and Shortest Period candidates Eclipsing Binary blends FP rate mostly independent of Star brightness Stellar properties Candidate size (after the largest planet category) 12

13 G & K Stars with an Emphasis to M Stars 13

14 Radius Period Distribution 14

15 Small HZ -like Planets 15

16 More Planets Around Brighter Stars 16

17 More Planets Around Brighter Stars 17

18 Continuing the Legacy of Kepler Confirmed 104 K2 planets in Campaigns 0 4 Finding planets around brighter stars Enables more detailed follow-up More precise planet parameters Atmospheres Masses from RVs Exploring planet population around the Galaxy How universal are the Kepler results Program Continues Following up candidates from Fields 5 8 Key Projects: Keck Palomar Spitzer 18