Lesson 3: Networks and Matrix Arithmetic
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1 Opening Exercise Suppose a subway line also connects the four cities. Here is the subway and bus line network. The bus routes connecting the cities are represented by solid lines, and the subway routes are represented by dashed arcs. 1. Write a matrix BB to represent the bus routes and a matrix SS to represent the subway lines connecting the four cities. B = S = Exploratory Challenge Use the network diagram from the Opening Exercise and your two matrices to help you complete this challenge with your group. 2. Suppose the number of bus routes between each city were doubled. A. What would the new bus route matrix be? B. Mathematicians call this matrix 2BB. Why do you think they call it that? Unit 4+: Networks & Matrices S.23
2 3. A. What would be the meaning of 10BB in this situation? B. Write the matrix 10BB. C. How would you describe the process you used to create the matrix 10B? 4. Suppose we ignore whether or not a line connecting cities represents a bus or subway route. A. Create one matrix that represents all the routes between the cities in this transportation network. B. Why would it be appropriate to call this matrix BB + SS? Explain your reasoning. C. Why would B and S have to be the same dimensions in order to find their sum? Unit 4+: Networks & Matrices S.24
3 5. Suppose that April s Pet Supply has three stores in Cities 1, 2, and 3. Ben s Pet Mart has two stores in Cities 1 and 2. Each shop sells the same type of dog crates in size 1 (small), 2 (medium), 3 (large), and 4 (extra large). April s and Ben s inventory in each city are shown in the tables below. April s Pet Supply Ben s Pet Mart City 1 City 2 City 3 City 1 City 2 Size Size Size Size Size Size Size Size A. Create a matrix AA so that aa ii,jj represents the number of crates of size ii available in April s store jj B. Explain how the matrix BB = can represent the dog crate inventory at Ben s Pet Mart C. Suppose that April and Ben merge their inventories. Write a matrix that represents their combined inventory in each of the three cities. Unit 4+: Networks & Matrices S.25
4 Lesson Summary Complete the example for each operation. Matrix Operations Operation Symbols How to Calculate Examples Scalar Multiplication kkaa Multiply each element of matrix A by the real number k = The Sum of Two Matrices AA + BB Add corresponding elements in each row and column of A and B. Matrices A and B MUST have the same dimensions = The Difference of Two Matrices AA BB = AA + ( 1)BB Subtract corresponding elements in each row and column of A and B. The matrices MUST have the same dimensions = Unit 4+: Networks & Matrices S.26
5 Homework Problem Set For the matrices given below, perform each of the following calculations or explain why the calculation is not possible. A = B = C = D = AA + BB 2. 2AA BB 3. AA + CC 4. -2C 5. 4D 2C 6. 3B 3B 7. 5B C 8. B 3A Unit 4+: Networks & Matrices S.27
6 9. Let AA = and BB = A. If CC = 6AA + 6BB, determine matrix CC. B. If DD = 6(AA + BB), determine matrix DD. C. What is the relationship between matrices CC and DD? Why do you think that is? Let AA = and XX be a 3 2 matrix. If AA + XX = , then determine XX. Unit 4+: Networks & Matrices S.28
7 Let AA = and BB = represent the bus routes of two companies between three cities. A. Let CC = AA + BB. Find matrix CC. Explain what the resulting matrix and entry cc 1,3 mean in this context. B. Let DD = BB + AA. Find matrix DD. Explain what the resulting matrix and entry dd 1,3 mean in this context. C. What is the relationship between matrices CC and DD? Why do you think that is? Unit 4+: Networks & Matrices S.29
8 Unit 4+: Networks & Matrices S.30
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