Very Dynamic! Energy in the Earth s Atmosphere. How Does it Get Here? All Objects Radiate Energy!

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Very Dynamic! Energy in the Earth s Atmosphere. How Does it Get Here? All Objects Radiate Energy!"

Transcription

1 Energy in the Earth s Atmosphere Unit Essential Question: What are the different features of the atmosphere that characterize our weather. How does the atmosphere influence life and how does life influence the atmosphere? Presentation Objectives: Identify and describe the three main methods of heat transfer. Differentiate between the radiation produced by the Sun and the Earth. Define temperature and explain how it is measured. Describe the three temperature scales and how to convert between them. Explain how to calculate the mean temperature and temperature range. Differentiate heat from temperature. Define the term greenhouse effect. Explain the importance of the greenhouse effect and how it works. Very Dynamic! The atmosphere is always changing, and these changes require energy to occur. Where does the Earth get its energy from? The Sun! The sun and Earth are separated by a distance of 3,000,000 miles. Q1 How Does it Get Here? Radiation The transfer of energy through space by electromagnetic waves. Q2 All Objects Radiate Energy! All objects produce a mixture of wavelengths. One wavelength is more dominant than the others and is known as the peak wavelength. Depends on temperature. Q3 Wien s Displacement Law Using this law, we know that the... Sun emits short-wave radiation. Earth emits long-wave radiation. The higher the temperature, the shorter the wavelength!

2 What happens to this radiation? Incoming solar radiation is known as insolation. Q4 What Absorbs and What Reflects? Q The reflectivity of a surface is described by its albedo. 0 = Perfect Absorber 1 = Perfect Reflector Global Albedo Warming The Earth! The insolation absorbed by the Earth increases the Earth s temperature. The Earth then radiates energy as infrared radiation. Q6

3 Warming The Atmosphere! The energy radiated by the Earth is transferred to the atmosphere. The atmosphere is warmed by the Earth not the sun. Earth s surface warms the lower troposphere by conduction. Process during which heat energy is transferred by direct contact. Q7 Distributing the Energy Once the lower troposphere is heated, it can move the energy to the upper troposphere through convection. Convection is the transfer of energy in a fluid because density differences. Convecting air leads to the formation of clouds and precipitation. Q8 It s All About Heat! Conduction and convection are methods of heat transfer. Heat is the measure of the amount of energy transferred from one object to another because of a temperature difference. Heat flows High Temp Cold Temp Q Heat vs. Temperature When energy is absorbed, the object s temperature changes. Temperature is a measurement of average kinetic energy of the particles that make up an object. Faster molecules = More KE = High Temperature Q10 The thermosphere can have a temperature as high as 100 C, but if you were there, you would freeze. Staying warm is dependent on heat not temperature! Heat = Total Energy Transferred Temperature = Average Energy

4 Measuring Temperature A thermometer is placed into a substance with a different temperature. Heat is transferred until the thermometer and the substance are the same temperature. Many other properties of matter change with temperature. Pressure of a gas. Electrical Resistance. Q11 The molecules of the alcohol in the thermometer will either gain energy or lose energy. If they have more energy, they expand. If they have less energy, they contract. Ways To Measure Temperature Temperature is given the symbol (T), and can be communicated using one of the three different temperature scales. Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit - Fahrenheit Scale ( F) Temperature Scale in = Freezing point of water and 212 = Boiling point of water Divided this interval 180 parts. Anders Celsius- Celsius Scale ( C) Developed the Celsius scale in 1742 for meteorological observations. 0 = Boiling point of water and100 = Freezing point of water Reversed after his death in Lord William Kelvin- Kelvin Scale (K) Calculated that molecular motion stops at -273 C, which he called absolute zero. (1847) Uses same divisions as the Celsius scale. Q12 Convert It! All three scales are used, and therefore it is important to be able to convert between them. Fahrenheit to Celsius: T( C) = (T( F) - 32) The average temperature at Earth s surface is F, what is the temperature in Fahrenheit? T( C) = ( F - 32) Celsius to Kelvin: Celsius to Fahrenheit: T( F) = T( C) + 32 T(K) = T( C) T( C) = ( F - 32) Q13 T( C) = 1 C T(K) = 288 K Communicating Temperature Temperature The actual temperature at a given point and time. Mean Temperature Average Temperature Add all the readings and then divide by the number of readings. Temperature Range Difference between the highest and lowest temperature. Subtract the lowest temperature from the highest. Example: Find the mean temperature and the temperature range for 0 C, 22 C and 42 C. Mean = 38 C Range = 28 C Q14

5 Q1 Back to Our Budget A budget compares your income with your spending. What would happen to the temperature of the Earth if Insolation = Outgoing Radiation Insolation > Outgoing Radiation Insolation < Outgoing Radiation Based on our budget, if there was no atmosphere, the Earth would be -18 C. Remain the Same Increase Decrease Keeping Things Comfortable! The surface of the Earth is an average temperature of 1 C. Warmer than expected because of the greenhouse effect. Gases in our atmosphere act as a blanket of just the right thickness to keep things comfortable. Main Greenhouse Gases: Water Vapor Carbon dioxide Methane Nitrous oxide Q16 Let s See How It Works! Q17 Let s See How It Works! The Earth radiates energy as long-wave radiation. Greenhouse gases absorb some of this energy. Reradiate it back toward the Earth, causing it to heat up. Q17 The sun s short-wave radiation enters the atmosphere. Some is reflected back into space, and some is absorbed by the Earth s surface. The Earth becomes warmer!

6 Goldilocks Planet Venus global temperature is 462 C. Atmosphere consists of large amounts of carbon dioxide and water vapor. Mars global temperature is -60 C. Atmosphere consists of mainly of carbon dioxide but it is very thin. On A Local Level Throughout the country, there are certain temperature characteristics based on location. Mountains are colder. Cities are warmer. Maine is colder than Texas. Q18 What factors about a location might influence temperature? Elevation/Altitude Latitude We will investigate these factors using data! Proximity to water Color

Energy, Temperature, & Heat. Energy, Temperature, & Heat. Temperature Scales 1/17/11

Energy, Temperature, & Heat. Energy, Temperature, & Heat. Temperature Scales 1/17/11 Energy, Temperature, & Heat Energy is the ability to do work (push, pull, lift) on some form of matter. Chapter 2 Potential energy is the potential for work (mass x gravity x height) Kinetic energy is

More information

Section 2: The Atmosphere

Section 2: The Atmosphere Section 2: The Atmosphere Preview Classroom Catalyst Objectives The Atmosphere Composition of the Atmosphere Air Pressure Layers of the Atmosphere The Troposphere Section 2: The Atmosphere Preview, continued

More information

Key Concept Heat in Earth s atmosphere is transferred by radiation, conduction, and convection.

Key Concept Heat in Earth s atmosphere is transferred by radiation, conduction, and convection. Section 2 Atmospheric Heating Key Concept Heat in Earth s atmosphere is transferred by radiation, conduction, and convection. What You Will Learn Solar energy travels through space as radiation and passes

More information

The inputs and outputs of energy within the earth-atmosphere system that determines the net energy available for surface processes is the Energy

The inputs and outputs of energy within the earth-atmosphere system that determines the net energy available for surface processes is the Energy Energy Balance The inputs and outputs of energy within the earth-atmosphere system that determines the net energy available for surface processes is the Energy Balance Electromagnetic Radiation Electromagnetic

More information

Energy and Radiation. GEOG/ENST 2331 Lecture 3 Ahrens: Chapter 2

Energy and Radiation. GEOG/ENST 2331 Lecture 3 Ahrens: Chapter 2 Energy and Radiation GEOG/ENST 2331 Lecture 3 Ahrens: Chapter 2 Last lecture: the Atmosphere! Mainly nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%)! T, P and ρ! The Ideal Gas Law! Temperature profiles Lecture outline!

More information

WEATHER. Review Note Cards

WEATHER. Review Note Cards WEATHER Review Note Cards Thermometer Weather instrument that measures air temperature Units include F, C, and K ESRT 13 Sling Psychrometer Weather instrument that measures relative humidity and dewpoint

More information

Troposphere and mesosphere Stratosphere and thermosphere radio

Troposphere and mesosphere Stratosphere and thermosphere radio Warm-up Page: 518, 1. What two layers of the atmosphere is temperature decreasing? Troposphere and mesosphere Page: 518, 2. What two layers of the atmsophere is temperature increasing? Stratosphere and

More information

Composition, Structure and Energy. ATS 351 Lecture 2 September 14, 2009

Composition, Structure and Energy. ATS 351 Lecture 2 September 14, 2009 Composition, Structure and Energy ATS 351 Lecture 2 September 14, 2009 Composition of the Atmosphere Atmospheric Properties Temperature Pressure Wind Moisture (i.e. water vapor) Density Temperature A measure

More information

Energy: Warming the earth and Atmosphere. air temperature. Overview of the Earth s Atmosphere 9/10/2012. Composition. Chapter 3.

Energy: Warming the earth and Atmosphere. air temperature. Overview of the Earth s Atmosphere 9/10/2012. Composition. Chapter 3. Overview of the Earth s Atmosphere Composition 99% of the atmosphere is within 30km of the Earth s surface. N 2 78% and O 2 21% The percentages represent a constant amount of gas but cycles of destruction

More information

Let s Think for a Second

Let s Think for a Second Weather and Climate Let s Think for a Second Why is weather important in Ohio? Is climate important in Ohio? Spend 2 minutes sharing your thoughts with 1 partner. First, Let s Watch This. http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/science/earthsci/climate-weather-sci/

More information

Directed Reading. Section: Solar Energy and the Atmosphere RADIATION. identical point on the next wave. waves

Directed Reading. Section: Solar Energy and the Atmosphere RADIATION. identical point on the next wave. waves Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: Solar Energy and the Atmosphere 1. How is Earth s atmosphere heated? 2. Name the two primary sources of heat in the atmosphere. RADIATION In the space provided,

More information

ATS150 Global Climate Change Spring 2019 Candidate Questions for Exam #1

ATS150 Global Climate Change Spring 2019 Candidate Questions for Exam #1 1. How old is the Earth? About how long ago did it form? 2. What are the two most common gases in the atmosphere? What percentage of the atmosphere s molecules are made of each gas? 3. About what fraction

More information

Lecture 4: Heat, and Radiation

Lecture 4: Heat, and Radiation Lecture 4: Heat, and Radiation Heat Heat is a transfer of energy from one object to another. Heat makes things warmer. Heat is measured in units called calories. A calorie is the heat (energy) required

More information

Lecture # 04 January 27, 2010, Wednesday Energy & Radiation

Lecture # 04 January 27, 2010, Wednesday Energy & Radiation Lecture # 04 January 27, 2010, Wednesday Energy & Radiation Kinds of energy Energy transfer mechanisms Radiation: electromagnetic spectrum, properties & principles Solar constant Atmospheric influence

More information

Chapter 2. Heating Earth's Surface & Atmosphere

Chapter 2. Heating Earth's Surface & Atmosphere Chapter 2 Heating Earth's Surface & Atmosphere Topics Earth-Sun Relationships Energy, Heat and Temperature Mechanisms of Heat Transfer What happens to Incoming Solar Radiation? Radiation Emitted by the

More information

The Kinetic Theory of Matter. Temperature. Temperature. Temperature. Temperature. Chapter 6 HEAT

The Kinetic Theory of Matter. Temperature. Temperature. Temperature. Temperature. Chapter 6 HEAT The Kinetic Theory of Matter Hewitt/Lyons/Suchocki/Yeh Conceptual Integrated Science Chapter 6 HEAT Kinetic Theory of Matter: Matter is made up of tiny particles (atoms or molecules) that are always in

More information

The Atmosphere and Atmospheric Energy Chapter 3 and 4

The Atmosphere and Atmospheric Energy Chapter 3 and 4 The Atmosphere and Atmospheric Energy Chapter 3 and 4 Size of the Earth s Atmosphere Atmosphere produced over 4.6 billion years of development Protects us from radiation Completely surrounds the earth

More information

A Warm Up Exercise. A Warm Up Exercise. A Warm Up Exercise. A Warm Up Exercise. The Solar Flux

A Warm Up Exercise. A Warm Up Exercise. A Warm Up Exercise. A Warm Up Exercise. The Solar Flux When you compare gamma ray photons with photons of radio waves, which of the following is true? Gamma rays have a shorter wavelength and less energy Gamma rays have a shorter wavelength and same energy

More information

Temperature Scales

Temperature Scales TEMPERATURE is a measure of the internal heat energy of a substance. The molecules that make up all matter are in constant motion. By internal heat energy, we really mean this random molecular motion.

More information

Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds Pearson Education, Inc.

Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds Pearson Education, Inc. Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds 10.1 Atmospheric Basics Our goals for learning: What is an atmosphere? How does the greenhouse effect warm a planet? Why do atmospheric properties

More information

Earth s Energy Budget: How Is the Temperature of Earth Controlled?

Earth s Energy Budget: How Is the Temperature of Earth Controlled? 1 NAME Investigation 2 Earth s Energy Budget: How Is the Temperature of Earth Controlled? Introduction As you learned from the reading, the balance between incoming energy from the sun and outgoing energy

More information

Name(s) Period Date. Earth s Energy Budget: How Is the Temperature of Earth Controlled?

Name(s) Period Date. Earth s Energy Budget: How Is the Temperature of Earth Controlled? Name(s) Period Date 1 Introduction Earth s Energy Budget: How Is the Temperature of Earth Controlled? As you learned from the reading, the balance between incoming energy from the sun and outgoing energy

More information

Meteorology Pretest on Chapter 2

Meteorology Pretest on Chapter 2 Meteorology Pretest on Chapter 2 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The earth emits terrestrial radiation a) only at night b) all the time c) only during winter d) only over the continents 2. If an imbalance occurs between

More information

ATMOSPHERIC ENERGY and GLOBAL TEMPERATURES. Physical Geography (Geog. 300) Prof. Hugh Howard American River College

ATMOSPHERIC ENERGY and GLOBAL TEMPERATURES. Physical Geography (Geog. 300) Prof. Hugh Howard American River College ATMOSPHERIC ENERGY and GLOBAL TEMPERATURES Physical Geography (Geog. 300) Prof. Hugh Howard American River College RADIATION FROM the SUN SOLAR RADIATION Primarily shortwave (UV-SIR) Insolation Incoming

More information

2/22/ Atmospheric Characteristics

2/22/ Atmospheric Characteristics 17.1 Atmospheric Characteristics Atmosphere: the gaseous layer that surrounds the Earth I. In the past, gases came from volcanic eruptions A. Water vapor was a major component of outgassing B. Other gases

More information

The Atmosphere. Chapter Test A. Multiple Choice. Write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left.

The Atmosphere. Chapter Test A. Multiple Choice. Write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left. The Atmosphere Chapter Test A Multiple Choice Write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left. 1. Which of the following describes an example of the atmosphere acting as a system? a. its

More information

Mon April 17 Announcements: bring calculator to class from now on (in-class activities, tests) HW#2 due Thursday

Mon April 17 Announcements: bring calculator to class from now on (in-class activities, tests) HW#2 due Thursday Mon April 17 Announcements: bring calculator to class from now on (in-class activities, tests) HW#2 due Thursday Today: Fundamentals of Planetary Energy Balance Incoming = Outgoing (at equilibrium) Incoming

More information

Lecture 4: Global Energy Balance

Lecture 4: Global Energy Balance Lecture : Global Energy Balance S/ * (1-A) T A T S T A Blackbody Radiation Layer Model Greenhouse Effect Global Energy Balance terrestrial radiation cooling Solar radiation warming Global Temperature atmosphere

More information

Lecture 4: Global Energy Balance. Global Energy Balance. Solar Flux and Flux Density. Blackbody Radiation Layer Model.

Lecture 4: Global Energy Balance. Global Energy Balance. Solar Flux and Flux Density. Blackbody Radiation Layer Model. Lecture : Global Energy Balance Global Energy Balance S/ * (1-A) terrestrial radiation cooling Solar radiation warming T S Global Temperature Blackbody Radiation ocean land Layer Model energy, water, and

More information

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE. Tarbuck Lutgens

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE. Tarbuck Lutgens Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 17 The Atmosphere: Structure and Temperature 17.1 Atmosphere Characteristics Composition of the Atmosphere Weather is constantly changing, and it refers

More information

Period 13 Solutions: Earth as an Energy System

Period 13 Solutions: Earth as an Energy System Period 13 Solutions: Earth as an Energy System 13.1 The Earth-Sun System 1) Energy from the sun Observe the models of the Earth, Moon, and Sun in the room. a) Imagine that the distance between the Earth

More information

WELCOME TO PERIOD 5: THERMAL ENERGY, THE MICROSCOPIC PICTURE. Homework #4 is due today at the beginning of class.

WELCOME TO PERIOD 5: THERMAL ENERGY, THE MICROSCOPIC PICTURE. Homework #4 is due today at the beginning of class. WELCOME TO PERIOD 5: THERMAL ENERGY, THE MICROSCOPIC PICTURE Homework #4 is due today at the beginning of class. PHYSICS 1104 PERIOD 5 How are temperatures measured? How do atoms and molecules act at different

More information

Thermal energy 7 TH GRADE SCIENCE

Thermal energy 7 TH GRADE SCIENCE Thermal energy 7 TH GRADE SCIENCE Temperature There s more to temperature than the idea of hot and cold. Remember that all matter is made up of tiny particles that are constantly moving even in solid objects.

More information

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Department of Physics Problem Solving 10: The Greenhouse Effect. Section Table and Group

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Department of Physics Problem Solving 10: The Greenhouse Effect. Section Table and Group MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Department of Physics 8.02 Problem Solving 10: The Greenhouse Effect Section Table and Group Names Hand in one copy per group at the end of the Friday Problem Solving

More information

The Atmosphere. Importance of our. 4 Layers of the Atmosphere. Introduction to atmosphere, weather, and climate. What makes up the atmosphere?

The Atmosphere. Importance of our. 4 Layers of the Atmosphere. Introduction to atmosphere, weather, and climate. What makes up the atmosphere? The Atmosphere Introduction to atmosphere, weather, and climate Where is the atmosphere? Everywhere! Completely surrounds Earth February 20, 2010 What makes up the atmosphere? Argon Inert gas 1% Variable

More information

Heat and Temperature

Heat and Temperature Heat and Temperature Temperature What does temperature have to do with energy? What three temperature scales are commonly used? What makes things feel hot or cold? Intro: Discussion A person from Seattle

More information

* Defining Temperature * Temperature is proportional to the kinetic energy of atoms and molecules. * Temperature * Internal energy

* Defining Temperature * Temperature is proportional to the kinetic energy of atoms and molecules. * Temperature * Internal energy * Defining Temperature * We associate temperature with how hot or cold an object feels. * Our sense of touch serves as a qualitative indicator of temperature. * Energy must be either added or removed from

More information

Earth s Atmosphere. Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere. 3. All the energy from the Sun reaches Earth s surface.

Earth s Atmosphere. Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere. 3. All the energy from the Sun reaches Earth s surface. CHAPTER 11 LESSON 2 Earth s Atmosphere Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere Key Concepts How does energy transfer from the Sun to Earth and to the atmosphere? How are air circulation patterns within the atmosphere

More information

2. What does a mercury barometer measure? Describe this device and explain how it physically works.

2. What does a mercury barometer measure? Describe this device and explain how it physically works. Written Homework #1 Key NATS 101, Sec. 13 Fall 2010 40 Points total 10 points per graded question 10 points for attempting all questions. 1. What is the difference between mass and weight? Mass is an intrinsic

More information

Earth: the Goldilocks Planet

Earth: the Goldilocks Planet Earth: the Goldilocks Planet Not too hot (460 C) Fig. 3-1 Not too cold (-55 C) Wave properties: Wavelength, velocity, and? Fig. 3-2 Reviewing units: Wavelength = distance (meters or nanometers, etc.) Velocity

More information

AT 350 EXAM #1 February 21, 2008

AT 350 EXAM #1 February 21, 2008 This exam covers Ahrens Chapters 1 and 2, plus related lecture notes Write the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. b_ 1. The Earth s atmosphere is currently

More information

Lecture 3: Global Energy Cycle

Lecture 3: Global Energy Cycle Lecture 3: Global Energy Cycle Planetary energy balance Greenhouse Effect Vertical energy balance Latitudinal energy balance Seasonal and diurnal cycles Solar Flux and Flux Density Solar Luminosity (L)

More information

General Comments about the Atmospheres of Terrestrial Planets

General Comments about the Atmospheres of Terrestrial Planets General Comments about the Atmospheres of Terrestrial Planets Mercury Very little atmosphere Contents: vaporized micrometeorites, solar wind Sky is black Venus Very thick (10% density of water), dense

More information

Blackbody Radiation. A substance that absorbs all incident wavelengths completely is called a blackbody.

Blackbody Radiation. A substance that absorbs all incident wavelengths completely is called a blackbody. Blackbody Radiation A substance that absorbs all incident wavelengths completely is called a blackbody. What's the absorption spectrum of a blackbody? Absorption (%) 100 50 0 UV Visible IR Wavelength Blackbody

More information

Chapter 3. Multiple Choice Questions

Chapter 3. Multiple Choice Questions Chapter 3 Multiple Choice Questions 1. In the case of electromagnetic energy, an object that is hot: a. radiates much more energy than a cool object b. radiates much less energy than a cool object c. radiates

More information

Surface Processes and the Hydrosphere Unit Heating the Earth s Atmosphere Chapter 11 (pg )

Surface Processes and the Hydrosphere Unit Heating the Earth s Atmosphere Chapter 11 (pg ) Name: Block: Surface Processes and the Hydrosphere Unit Heating the Earth s Atmosphere Chapter 11 (pg. 352 385) 11.1: Focus on the Atmosphere: Weather and Climate What is the difference between the weather

More information

Temperature. Temperature Scales. Temperature (cont d) CHAPTER 14 Heat and Temperature

Temperature. Temperature Scales. Temperature (cont d) CHAPTER 14 Heat and Temperature Temperature CHAPTER 14 Heat and Temperature The temperature of a substance is proportional to the average kinetic energy of the substance s particles. As the average kinetic energy of the particles in

More information

Outline. Planetary Atmospheres. General Comments about the Atmospheres of Terrestrial Planets. General Comments, continued

Outline. Planetary Atmospheres. General Comments about the Atmospheres of Terrestrial Planets. General Comments, continued Outline Planetary Atmospheres Chapter 10 General comments about terrestrial planet atmospheres Atmospheric structure & the generic atmosphere Greenhouse effect Magnetosphere & the aurora Weather & climate

More information

What Is Air Temperature?

What Is Air Temperature? 2.2 Read What Is Air Temperature? In Learning Set 1, you used a thermometer to measure air temperature. But what exactly was the thermometer measuring? What is different about cold air and warm air that

More information

Weather Unit. Welcome Back! Begin Semester 2 1/20/2010. Seating Changes Final Exam Averages S1 Routine Changes for S2 Review Expectations.

Weather Unit. Welcome Back! Begin Semester 2 1/20/2010. Seating Changes Final Exam Averages S1 Routine Changes for S2 Review Expectations. Welcome Back! Begin Semester 2 Weather Unit I-2 to I-6 Seating Changes Final Exam Averages S1 Routine Changes for S2 Review Expectations Beginning of Class (ChemCatalyst) Chemistry Binders and note-taking

More information

HEAT, TEMPERATURE, AND ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION

HEAT, TEMPERATURE, AND ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION CHAPTER 4 HEAT, TEMPERATURE, AND ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Heat is *a. the name given to the energy transferred between objects at different temperatures. b. the equivalent of

More information

Lecture 2: Global Energy Cycle

Lecture 2: Global Energy Cycle Lecture 2: Global Energy Cycle Planetary energy balance Greenhouse Effect Selective absorption Vertical energy balance Solar Flux and Flux Density Solar Luminosity (L) the constant flux of energy put out

More information

Solar Flux and Flux Density. Lecture 2: Global Energy Cycle. Solar Energy Incident On the Earth. Solar Flux Density Reaching Earth

Solar Flux and Flux Density. Lecture 2: Global Energy Cycle. Solar Energy Incident On the Earth. Solar Flux Density Reaching Earth Lecture 2: Global Energy Cycle Solar Flux and Flux Density Planetary energy balance Greenhouse Effect Selective absorption Vertical energy balance Solar Luminosity (L) the constant flux of energy put out

More information

Bernoulli s Principle. Application: Lift. Bernoulli s Principle. Main Points 3/13/15. Demo: Blowing on a sheet of paper

Bernoulli s Principle. Application: Lift. Bernoulli s Principle. Main Points 3/13/15. Demo: Blowing on a sheet of paper Bernoulli s Principle Demo: Blowing on a sheet of paper Where the speed of a fluid increases, internal pressure in the fluid decreases. Due to continuous flow of a fluid: what goes in must come out! Fluid

More information

11/18/2010. Only part of the spectrum we can see. A rainbow of colors, each corresponding to a different wavelength.

11/18/2010. Only part of the spectrum we can see. A rainbow of colors, each corresponding to a different wavelength. The sun is the source of energy to heat the Earth s surface. Solar energy makes it s way to Earth by an energy transfer mechanism called radiation. Energy transferred this way travels outwards in all directions

More information

The troposphere is the layer closest to Earth s surface. Extends from 9-16 km above Earth s Surface It contains most of the mass of the atmosphere.

The troposphere is the layer closest to Earth s surface. Extends from 9-16 km above Earth s Surface It contains most of the mass of the atmosphere. Chapter 11 The atmosphere is the blanket of gases surrounding Earth that contains about 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% other gases such as argon, carbon dioxide, and water vapor The atmosphere is classified

More information

Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds 10.1 Atmospheric Basics Our goals for learning: What is an atmosphere? How does the greenhouse effect warm a planet? Why do atmospheric

More information

Energy Transfer Packet 9

Energy Transfer Packet 9 Energy Transfer Packet 9 Your Name Group Members Score Minutes Standard 4 Key Idea 2 Performance Indicator 2.2 Explain how incoming solar radiation, ocean currents, and land masses affect weather and climate.

More information

Heat and temperature are different. Heat is a type of energy. Heat is the total energy of all the particles in an object.

Heat and temperature are different. Heat is a type of energy. Heat is the total energy of all the particles in an object. Heat & Temperature Heat vs. Temperature Heat and temperature are different. Heat is a type of energy. Heat is the total energy of all the particles in an object. Temperature is the average energy of each

More information

MAPH & & & & & & 02 LECTURE

MAPH & & & & & & 02 LECTURE Climate & Earth System Science Introduction to Meteorology & Climate MAPH 10050 Peter Lynch Peter Lynch Meteorology & Climate Centre School of Mathematical Sciences University College Dublin Meteorology

More information

Weather Part I- Weather Variables

Weather Part I- Weather Variables Weather Part I- Weather Variables 3-1-19 Definitions Meteorology- is the study of the atmosphere- including weather. Weather-the daily conditions of the atmosphere. It can change from time to time and

More information

G109 Alternate Midterm Exam October, 2004 Instructor: Dr C.M. Brown

G109 Alternate Midterm Exam October, 2004 Instructor: Dr C.M. Brown 1 Time allowed 50 mins. Answer ALL questions Total possible points;50 Number of pages:8 Part A: Multiple Choice (1 point each) [total 24] Answer all Questions by marking the corresponding number on the

More information

Lecture 2: Global Energy Cycle

Lecture 2: Global Energy Cycle Lecture 2: Global Energy Cycle Planetary energy balance Greenhouse Effect Vertical energy balance Solar Flux and Flux Density Solar Luminosity (L) the constant flux of energy put out by the sun L = 3.9

More information

Learning goals. Good absorbers are good emitters Albedo, and energy absorbed, changes equilibrium temperature

Learning goals. Good absorbers are good emitters Albedo, and energy absorbed, changes equilibrium temperature Greenhouse effect Learning goals Good absorbers are good emitters Albedo, and energy absorbed, changes equilibrium temperature Wavelength (color) and temperature related: Wein s displacement law Sun/Hot:

More information

Earth! Objectives: Interior and plate tectonics Atmosphere and greenhouse effect

Earth! Objectives: Interior and plate tectonics Atmosphere and greenhouse effect Earth! Objectives: Interior and plate tectonics Atmosphere and greenhouse effect Earth Fun Facts 1. Only body with liquid water on the surface. 2. Most massive terrestrial body in solar system 3. Only

More information

Mon Oct 20. Today: radiation and temperature (cont) sun-earth geometry energy balance >> conceptual model of climate change Tues:

Mon Oct 20. Today: radiation and temperature (cont) sun-earth geometry energy balance >> conceptual model of climate change Tues: Mon Oct 20 Announcements: bring calculator to class from now on > in-class activities > midterm and final Today: radiation and temperature (cont) sun-earth geometry energy balance >> conceptual model of

More information

Temperature and Heat. Chapter 10. Table of Contents. Chapter 10. Chapter 10. Bellringer. Objectives. Chapter 10. Chapter 10

Temperature and Heat. Chapter 10. Table of Contents. Chapter 10. Chapter 10. Bellringer. Objectives. Chapter 10. Chapter 10 Heat and Heat Technology Table of Contents Temperature and Heat Section 3 Matter and Heat Bellringer Objectives The temperature of boiling water is 100 on the Celsius scale and 212 on the Fahrenheit scale.

More information

Chapter 2: The global ledger of radiation and heat

Chapter 2: The global ledger of radiation and heat Chapter 2: The global ledger of radiation and heat PROPERTIES OF RADIATION Everything radiates at all wavelengths! This includes the Sun, Earth, a candy bar, even us Fortunately, most objects don t radiate

More information

Lecture 6. Solar vs. terrestrial radiation and the bare rock climate model.

Lecture 6. Solar vs. terrestrial radiation and the bare rock climate model. Lecture 6 Solar vs. terrestrial radiation and the bare rock climate model. Radiation Controls energy balance of Earth Is all around us all the time. Can be labeled by its source (solar, terrestrial) or

More information

Assessment Schedule 2017 Earth and Space Science: Demonstrate understanding of processes in the atmosphere system (91414)

Assessment Schedule 2017 Earth and Space Science: Demonstrate understanding of processes in the atmosphere system (91414) NCEA Level 3 Earth and Space Science (91414) 2017 page 1 of 6 Assessment Schedule 2017 Earth and Space Science: Demonstrate understanding of processes in the atmosphere system (91414) Evidence Statement

More information

9/1/14. Chapter 2: Heating Earth s Surface and Atmosphere. The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology, 12 th. Lutgens Tarbuck

9/1/14. Chapter 2: Heating Earth s Surface and Atmosphere. The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology, 12 th. Lutgens Tarbuck Chapter 2: Heating Earth s Surface and Atmosphere The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology, 12 th Lutgens Tarbuck Lectures by: Heather Gallacher, Cleveland State University! Earth s two principal

More information

Heat Transfer. Conduction, Convection, and Radiation. Review: Temperature

Heat Transfer. Conduction, Convection, and Radiation. Review: Temperature Heat Transfer Conduction, Convection, and Radiation Review: Temperature! Temperature is:! The quantity that tells how hot or cold something is compared with a standard! A measure of the average kinetic

More information

What does temperature have to do with energy? What three temperature scales are commonly used? What makes things feel hot or cold?

What does temperature have to do with energy? What three temperature scales are commonly used? What makes things feel hot or cold? Heat and Temperature Section 1: Temperature What does temperature have to do with energy? What three temperature scales are commonly used? What makes things feel hot or cold? 1 Intro: Discussion A person

More information

Lecture 5: Greenhouse Effect

Lecture 5: Greenhouse Effect Lecture 5: Greenhouse Effect S/4 * (1-A) T A 4 T S 4 T A 4 Wien s Law Shortwave and Longwave Radiation Selected Absorption Greenhouse Effect Global Energy Balance terrestrial radiation cooling Solar radiation

More information

Astron 104 Laboratory #10 Solar Energy and the Habitable Zone

Astron 104 Laboratory #10 Solar Energy and the Habitable Zone Name: Date: Section: Astron 104 Laboratory #10 Solar Energy and the Habitable Zone Introduction The Sun provides most of the energy available in the solar system. Sunlight warms the planet and helps create

More information

How do we get information about heavenly bodies when they are so far??

How do we get information about heavenly bodies when they are so far?? In Astronomy the most common unit to measure distances is---- Light Year: It is the distance traveled by light in one year. Speed of light ~ 300,000 kilometers/sec So in one hour lights travels = 300,000

More information

Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds. What is an atmosphere? Planetary Atmospheres

Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds. What is an atmosphere? Planetary Atmospheres Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds What is an atmosphere? Planetary Atmospheres Pressure Composition Greenhouse effect Atmospheric structure Color of the sky 1 Atmospheres

More information

Energy and Insolation Review 2

Energy and Insolation Review 2 Energy and Insolation Review 2 The diagram below shows a container of water that is being heated. 1. The movement of water shown by the arrows is most likely caused by (1) density differences (2) insolation

More information

1 A 3 C 2 B 4 D. 5. During which month does the minimum duration of insolation occur in New York State? 1 February 3 September 2 July 4 December

1 A 3 C 2 B 4 D. 5. During which month does the minimum duration of insolation occur in New York State? 1 February 3 September 2 July 4 December INSOLATION REVIEW 1. The map below shows isolines of average daily insolation received in calories per square centimeter per minute at the Earth s surface. If identical solar collectors are placed at the

More information

Dr.Salwa Alsaleh fac.ksu.edu.sa/salwams

Dr.Salwa Alsaleh fac.ksu.edu.sa/salwams Dr.Salwa Alsaleh Salwams@ksu.edu.sa fac.ksu.edu.sa/salwams What is Temperature? It is the measurement of the AVERAGE kinetic energy of the particles of matter. Temperature We associate the concept of temperature

More information

Chapter 02 Energy and Matter in the Atmosphere

Chapter 02 Energy and Matter in the Atmosphere Chapter 02 Energy and Matter in the Atmosphere Multiple Choice Questions 1. The most common gas in the atmosphere is. A. oxygen (O2). B. carbon dioxide (CO2). C. nitrogen (N2). D. methane (CH4). Section:

More information

ESS15 Lecture 7. The Greenhouse effect.

ESS15 Lecture 7. The Greenhouse effect. ESS15 Lecture 7 The Greenhouse effect. Housekeeping. First midterm is in one week. Open book, open notes. Covers material through end of Friday s lecture Including today s lecture (greenhouse effect) And

More information

Lecture 6. Temperature and Heat 27 September 2018

Lecture 6. Temperature and Heat 27 September 2018 Lecture 6. Temperature and Heat 27 September 2018 Wannapong Triampo, Ph.D. Korey Stringer 7-31-01 27 Yrs Old 6 3 335 lbs Eraste Autin 7-25-01 18 Yrs Old 6 2 250 lbs Preston Birdsong 8-13-00 18 Yrs Old

More information

Kinds of Energy. Defining Energy is Hard! EXPLAIN: 1. Energy and Radiation. Conservation of Energy. Sco; Denning CSU ESMEI ATS 1

Kinds of Energy. Defining Energy is Hard! EXPLAIN: 1. Energy and Radiation. Conservation of Energy. Sco; Denning CSU ESMEI ATS 1 Defining Energy is Hard! EXPLAIN: 1. Energy and Radiation Energy is the capacity to perform work (but physicists have a special definition for work, too!) Part of the trouble is that scientists have appropriated

More information

Unit 11: Temperature and heat

Unit 11: Temperature and heat Unit 11: Temperature and heat 1. Thermal energy 2. Temperature 3. Heat and thermal equlibrium 4. Effects of heat 5. Transference of heat 6. Conductors and insulators Think and answer a. Is it the same

More information

Build Your Own Planet Lesson 4: Atmosphere

Build Your Own Planet Lesson 4: Atmosphere Build Your Own Planet Lesson 4: Atmosphere Group: Does the atmosphere of a planet affect its surface temperature? If so, how? This lesson will explore that question. The gases that surround a planet are

More information

The Atmosphere. Characteristics of the Atmosphere. Section 23.1 Objectives. Chapter 23. Chapter 23 Modern Earth Science. Section 1

The Atmosphere. Characteristics of the Atmosphere. Section 23.1 Objectives. Chapter 23. Chapter 23 Modern Earth Science. Section 1 The Atmosphere Chapter 23 Modern Earth Science Characteristics of the Atmosphere Chapter 23 Section 1 Section 23.1 Objectives Describe the composition of Earth s atmosphere. Explain how two types of barometers

More information

Today. Events. Terrestrial Planet Geology - Earth. Terrestrial Planet Atmospheres. Homework DUE next time

Today. Events. Terrestrial Planet Geology - Earth. Terrestrial Planet Atmospheres. Homework DUE next time Today Terrestrial Planet Geology - Earth Terrestrial Planet Atmospheres Events Homework DUE next time Ring of Fire Boundaries of plates traced by Earthquakes and Volcanos Plate Motions Measurements of

More information

ATMOSPHERE PACKET CHAPTER 22 PAGES Section 1 page 546

ATMOSPHERE PACKET CHAPTER 22 PAGES Section 1 page 546 Name: Period: ATMOSPHERE PACKET CHAPTER 22 PAGES 546-564 Section 1 page 546 1. Identify five main components of the atmosphere 2. Explain the cause of atmospheric pressure. 3. Why is atmospheric pressure

More information

Chapter 11 Lecture Outline. Heating the Atmosphere

Chapter 11 Lecture Outline. Heating the Atmosphere Chapter 11 Lecture Outline Heating the Atmosphere They are still here! Focus on the Atmosphere Weather Occurs over a short period of time Constantly changing Climate Averaged over a long period of time

More information

Earth: A Dynamic Planet A. Solar and terrestrial radiation

Earth: A Dynamic Planet A. Solar and terrestrial radiation Earth: A Dynamic Planet A Aims To understand the basic energy forms and principles of energy transfer To understand the differences between short wave and long wave radiation. To appreciate that the wavelength

More information

Final Review Meteorology

Final Review Meteorology Final Review Meteorology Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following is an example of climate? a. A sudden snowstorm resulted

More information

Day 1 of Global Warming. Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

Day 1 of Global Warming. Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Day 1 of Global Warming Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings The Atmosphere Atmosphere = the thin layer (1/100 th of Earth s diameter) of gases that surrounds

More information

Insolation and Temperature variation. The Sun & Insolation. The Sun (cont.) The Sun

Insolation and Temperature variation. The Sun & Insolation. The Sun (cont.) The Sun Insolation and Temperature variation Atmosphere: blanket of air surrounding earth Without our atmosphere: cold, quiet, cratered place Dynamic: currents and circulation cells June 23, 2008 Atmosphere important

More information

The Atmosphere - Chapter Characteristics of the Atmosphere

The Atmosphere - Chapter Characteristics of the Atmosphere Section Objectives Describe the composition of Earth s atmosphere. Explain how two types of barometers work. Identify the layers of the atmosphere. Identify two effects of air pollution. The Atmosphere

More information

Heating the Atmosphere (Chapter 14, with material from Chapter 2)

Heating the Atmosphere (Chapter 14, with material from Chapter 2) Heating the Atmosphere (Chapter 14, with material from Chapter 2) 1. Reflection on Prior Knowledge: What process in Earth s early history resulted in the formation of an atmosphere? What gases characterized

More information

The Atmosphere. Composition of the Atmosphere. Section 2

The Atmosphere. Composition of the Atmosphere. Section 2 The Atmosphere Earth is surrounded by a mixture of gases known as the Nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases are all parts of this mixture. Earth s atmosphere changes constantly as these gases

More information

HEATING THE ATMOSPHERE

HEATING THE ATMOSPHERE HEATING THE ATMOSPHERE Earth and Sun 99.9% of Earth s heat comes from Sun But

More information

Temperature AOSC 200 Tim Canty

Temperature AOSC 200 Tim Canty Temperature AOSC 200 Tim Canty Class Web Site: http://www.atmos.umd.edu/~tcanty/aosc200 Topics for today: Daily Temperatures Role of clouds, latitude, land/water Lecture 09 Feb 26 2019 1 Today s Weather

More information

X Rays must be viewed from space used for detecting exotic objects such as neutron stars and black holes also observing the Sun.

X Rays must be viewed from space used for detecting exotic objects such as neutron stars and black holes also observing the Sun. 6/25 How do we get information from the telescope? 1. Galileo drew pictures. 2. With the invention of photography, we began taking pictures of the view in the telescope. With telescopes that would rotate

More information