B) sorted and not layered D) unsorted and layered. 4. The photograph below shows farm buildings partially buried in silt.

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1 Name 1. Base your answer to the following questio the-con our map below, which shows a hill formed by glacial deposition near Rochester, New York. Letters A through E are reference points. Elevations are in feet. C) D Contour Map A B A sorted and layered C) unsorted and not layered C Which set of characteristics most likely describes the sediment in this glacial deposit? 2. The generalized cross section below shows the sedimentary rock layers at Niagara Falls in western New York State. B) sorted and not layered D) unsorted and layered N 4. The photograph below shows farm buildings partially buried in silt. Niagara Lockpo dolostone Rochester shale Clinton limestone Thorold sandstone Grimsby sandstone- Power Glen shale- 41/,fjj Whirlpool sandstone- 4 ii4. Queenston shale- -/1 Which rock layer appears to be most resistant to weathering and erosion? Lockport dolostone B) Rochester shale C) Grimsby sandstone D) Queenston shale On the Earth s surface, transported materials are more common than residual materials. This condition is mainly the result of A) subduction C) folding B) erosion ) recrystallization C- Which erosional agent most likely piled the silt against these buildings? A) glacial ice wind 5. Particles of soil often differ greatly from the underlying bedrock in color, mineral composition, and organic content. Which conclusion about these soil particles is best made from this evidence? They are residual sediments. B) hey are transported sediments. C) They are uniformly large-grained. D) They are soluble in water. B) ocean waves D) mass movement

2 6. Base your answer to the following question on the cross section below, which shows the bedrock of a portion of the Helderberg Escarpment, located in Tacher State Park near Albany, New York. The rock formations are identified by name. Marcellus and Hamilton C) Onondaga I : I Esopus Becraft New Scotland I Schoharie 1 Oriskany Coeymans ::::Tl Manhius Schenectady and Indian Ladder beds Schenectady formation What is the main factor that causes the bedrock to weather at different rates? A) elevation above sea level C) age of rock layers 7. The surface bedrock of a region of eastern Delaware is shale. Which statement best explains why the soil that covers the shale in this region contains abundant garnet and gneiss pebbles? A) Volcanic lava flowed over the shale bedrock., B) A meteor impact scattered garnet and gneiss pebbles over the area. ) The soil consists of rock materials transported to this region by agents of erosion. D) The soil formed from the chemical and physical weathering of shale. 8. Unsorted, angular, rough-surfaced cobbles and boulders are found at the base of a cliff. What most likely transported these cobbles and boulders? A) running water gravity B) wind D) ocean currents mineral composition D) environment of formation 9. A sediment particle transported by a stream over a long period of time will most likely show A A a decrease in mass and number of angular edges ) a decrease in density and size C) an increase in weight and hardness D) an increase in volume and number of cleavage planes 10. Which quartz sample has probably undergone abrasion in a stream for the longest period of time? C).. B)

3 Base your answer to questions hand 12n on the photographs and news article below. Old Man s Loss Felt in New Hampshire ( ) FRANCONIA, N.H. Crowds of visitors were drawn to Franconia Notch on Sunday to mourn the loss of New Hampshire s well-known symbol the Old Man of the Mountain granite profile. The 700-ton natural formation was just a pile of rocks after breaking loose from its 1,200-foot-high mountainside perch. It was unclear when the outcropping fell because clouds had obscured the area Thursday and Friday; a state park trail crew discovered the collapse Saturday morning. The famous mountain s history dates millions of years. Over time, nature carved out a 40-foot-tall profile resembling an old man s face, and it eventually became New Hampshire s most recognizable symbol. The Buffalo News, May 5, 2003 Granite profile of the Old Man of the Mountain is shown before the collapse, and after Ll Which agent of erosion is most likely responsible for the collapse of the granite profile? running water B) glacial ice C) wave action mass movement l2what does granite bedrock found high on a mountaintop indicate? A The crust has been sinking. B) Global temperatures have cooled. C) A large amount of erosion has occurred. D) Sea level has risen. 13. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents the landscape features associated with a meandering river. Letters W, X, Y, and Z represent locations on the floodplain. Oxbow lake Natural levees 7/ Floodplain Yazoo stream E_ River transport by this river, a sediment particle will most likely become During 73more rounded B) more dense C) heavier D) larger

4 Base your answer to questions 1 hnd 1n the block diagram and the cross section below. The block diagram shows the present position of Niagara Falls in relation to the Niagara Escarpment. The cross section shows the general bedrock structure of present-day Niagara Falls. Block DIagram View a) Niagara Region. Looking South C) (Vertical Exaggeration 2x) Cross Section l4which evidence in the cross section of Niagara Falls most clearly shows that erosion is occurring today? A) upper rock units of early Silurian age B) layering of the rock units of the face of the falls C) sand grains within the Grimsby and Whirlpool sandstones piles of rock fragments t the base of the falls I5There are no major faults in the vicinity of the Niagara Escarpment that would explain its formation by crustal movement. What is the most logical explanation of how the escarpment formed? A) Erosion removed the rock layers north of the escarpment. B) The rock layers north of the escarpment were folded upward. C) The Lockport dolomite was deposited south of the escarpment only. The unconformity provided a layer that was resistant to the erosion of the river.

5 16. The diagram below shows a laboratory stream table. A mixture of sediment was placed on the stream table. A short time after the faucet was turned on, a deposit of sediment began forming at location X at the lower end of the stream table. Mixture OT sediment What is the name of the stream feature forming at location X? A) V-shaped valley B) meander ((delta D) floodplain 17. Base your answer to the following question on the block diagram below, which represents the landscape features associated with a meandering stream. WX is the location of a cross section. Location A indicates a landscape feature. idd (Not drawn to scale) Which cross section best represents the shape ofth stream bottom at WX? B) C) WX ) VED Practice Regents Questions

6 18. Base your answer to the following question on the cross section and block diagram below. The cross section shows an enlarged view of the stream shown in the block diagram. The sediments in the cross section are drawn to actual size. Arrows show the movement of particles in the stream. The block diagram represents a region of Earth s surface and the bedrock beneath the region. Cross-Sectional View Stream Block Diagram () Diredti at *... Stream fi Very small.. particles suspended. by turbulence = E.Bed rock Key Sandstone Il i Limestone Shale Gneiss Conglomerate What process is responsible for producing the rounded shape of the particles shown on the stream bottom in the cross section? 4 j,r3ufl or ccr-o 19. The diagram below shows a portion of a stream. 20. The map below represents a river as it enrs a lake. / The sand bars formed as a direct result of erosion due to a decrease in stream velocity B) erosion due to an increase in stream velocity C) deposition due to a decrease in stream velocity D) deposition due to an increase in stream velocity At which locations is the amount of dejsition greater than the amount of erosion? A) A, C, and E C) B,D,andF () B, C, and F t) A,D,andE

7 t Base your answer to questions 21 through 23 on the diagram below, which shows a model used to investigate the erosional-depositional system of a stream. The model was tilted to create a gentle slope, and a hose supplied water to form the meandering stream shown. Hose to supply water 21. Which diagram best represents the arrangement of large, L, and small, S, sediment deposited as the stream enters the water basin? B) D) Which diagram best represents where erosion, E, and deposition, D, are most likely occurring along the curves of the meandering stream? B) C) D) 23. How can the model be changed to increase the amount of sediment transported by the stream? A) decrease the temperature of the sediment B) decrease the slope C) increase the size of the sediment increase the rate of the water flow 24. Rock samples brought back from the Moon show absolutely no evidence of chemical weathering. This is most likely due to lack of an atmosphere on the Moon B) extremely low surface temperatures on the Moon 3 C) lack of biological activity on the Moon D) large quantities of water in the lunar seas

8 25. The diagram below shows the stump of a tree whose root grew into a small crack in bedrock and split the rock apart. Crack The action of the root splitting the bedrock is an example of A) chemical weathering C) erosion deposition physical weathering 4) _.,) NED Practice Regents Questions

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