Planet Earth Test Review Due: Wednesday 4/9/15. Test is 4/14/15

Transcription

1 Planet Earth Test Review Due: Wednesday 4/9/15 Test is 4/14/15 1. Label the physical layers of the Earth, include the state of matter for each layer. 2. What are three properties that increase as you travel from the outer layer of the Earth to the inner layer? 3. Explain why with temperatures so hot in the inner core, it is a solid. 4. Describe two advantages (purpose) of the model above. 5. Describe two limitations (something the model does not show). 6. Label the composition layers and tell what elements make up each layer.

2 Define the words below: A. Lithosphere- B. Asthenosphere Where is it located, what layers make it up? Describe this layer. How is the lithosphere involved in plate tectonic movement? Explain how it is involved with tectonic plate movement. 7. Draw a graph that represents how the depth of the Earth and the layers are related.

3 8. Complete the following content frame: Vocabulary Continental Crust Describe Oceanic Crust Continental Crust vs. Oceanic Crust. Describe the characteristics that make them different Pangea Continental Drift Alfred Wegener Convection Currents Subduction Ring of Fire-where and what is it? 9. Explain why the oceanic crust subducts when colliding with the continental crust

4 Using the content frame below, describe the plate movement, create a diagram using arrows, and describe the landforms or geologic effects the boundary has on the Earth s surface. Type of Boundary Movement- Convergent Diagram using arrows Landforms, effects on Earth s surface Landforms formed(2) Movement- Divergent Landforms formed(2) Movement- Transform Results(geologic events) 10. Explain why plate boundary events like earthquakes and volcanoes DON T occur along the edges of all continents. 11. The Ring of Fire is a boundary where the Pacific Plate meets other plates. The plates collide, causing plates to, when one plate that is denser goes underneath another plate. Major landforms/effect on the Earth s surface are and. This is where most occur. 12. According to the theory of Continental Drift do you think that in one million years the continents will be in the same place as they are now? Explain your reasoning!

5 Part Two Complete a window pane using the 4 questions on your half sheet, The Theory of Continental Drift, from your reading of Alfred Wegener. Read the passage on the next page. Create a graphic organizer disucces each of the following: Wegener s theory, the critics, and the evidence.

6 hen Alfred Wegener proposed his theory of continental drift in the early 1900s, many scientists laughed at the idea of continents plowing across the ocean. In fact, many people found his theory so ridiculous that Wegener, a university professor, had difficulty getting a job! Wegener's theor)i jolted the very foundation of geology. Wegener's Theory Wegener used geologic, fossil, and glacial evidence gathered on opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean to support his theory of continental drift. For example, Wegener recognized geologic similarities between. the Appalachian Mountains, in eastern North America, and the Scottish Highlands, as well as similarities between rock strata in South Africa and Brazil. He believed that these striking simi larities could be explained only if these geologic features were once part of the same continent. Wegener proposed that because they are less dense, continents float on top of the denser rock of the ocean floor. Although continental drift explained many of Wegener's observations, he could not find scientific evidence to develop acomplete explanation of how continents move. Alfred Wegener ( ) The Critics Most scientists were skeptical of Wegener's theory and dismissed it as foolishness. Some critics held fast to old theories that giant land bridges could explain similarities among fossils in South America and Africa. Others argued that Wegener's theory could not account for the tremendous forces that would have been required to move continents such great distances. Wegener, however, believed that these forces could be the same forces responsible for earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. The Evidence During the 1950s and 1960s, discoveries of sea-floor spreading and magnetic reversal provided the evidence that Wegener's theory needed and led to the theory of plate tectonics. The theory of plate tectonics describes how the continents move. Today geolo- gists recognize that continents are actually parts of moving tectonic plates that float on the asthenosphere, a layer of partially molten rock. Like the accomplishments of so many scientists, Wegener's accomplishments went unrecognized until years after his death. The next time you hear a scientific theory that sounds far out, don't underestimate it. It may be proven true! Also an Astronomer and Meteorologist Wegener had a very diverse background in the sciences. He earned a Ph.D. in astronomy from the University of Berlin. But he was always very interested in geophysics and meteorology. His interest in geophysics led to his theory on continental drift. His interest in meteorology eventually led to his death. He froze to death in Greenland while returning from a rescue mission to bring food to meteorologists camped on a glacier.

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