Earthquakes and Multi-hazards Around the Pacific Rim, Vol. II

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2 Earthquakes and Multi-hazards Around the Pacific Rim, Vol. II Ed i ted by Charles A. Williams Zhigang Peng Yongxian Zhang Eiichi Fukuyama Thomas Goebel Previously published in Pure and Applied Geophysics (PAGEOPH), Volume 175, No. 2, 2018

3 Editors Charles A. Williams Tectonophysics GNS Science Lower Hutt New Zealand Zhigang Peng School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA Yongxian Zhang Earthquake Prediction Division China Earthquake Networks Center Beijing China Eiichi Fukuyama National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan Thomas Goebel Department of Earth Sciences University of California Santa Cruz, CA Department of Physics University of California Davis, CA ISSN ISBN Library of Congress Control Number: Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover illustration: Coseismic and postseismic horizontal displacements associated with the 2011 Tohoku- oki earthquake. Taken from, Akemi Noda, Tsutomu Takahama Takeshi, Kawasato Mitsuhiro, Matsu ura, Pure Appl. Geophys. 175 (2018), Cover design: deblik, Berlin Printed on acid-free paper This book is published under the imprint Birkhäuser, by the registered company Springer International Publishing AG part of Springer Nature The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

4 Co n t e n t s Earthquakes and Multi-Hazards Around the Pacific Rim, Vol. II: Introduction Charles A. Williams, Zhigang Peng, Yongxian Zhang, Eiichi Fukuyama, Thomas Goebel and Subduction Mode Selection During Slab and Mantle Transition Zone Interaction: Numerical Modeling Yanan Shi, Dongping Wei, Zhong-Hai Li, Ming-Qi Liu and Mengxue Liu Characteristics of Viscoelastic Crustal Deformation Following a Megathrust Earthquake: Discrepancy Between the Apparent and Intrinsic Relaxation Time Constants Yukitoshi Fukahata and Mitsuhiro Matsu ura Interpretation of Offshore Crustal Movements Following the 2011 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake by the Combined Effect of Afterslip and Viscoelastic Stress Relaxation Akemi Noda, Tsutomu Takahama, Takeshi Kawasato and Mitsuhiro Matsu ura Rupture Characteristics of the 25 November 2016 Aketao Earthquake (M w 6.6) in Eastern Pamir Revealed by GPS and Teleseismic Data Jie Li, Gang Liu, Xuejun Qiao, Wei Xiong, Xiaoqiang Wang, Daiqin Liu, Jianing Sun, Ailixiati Yushan, Sulitan Yusan, wei Fang and Qi Wang Source Characteristics of the Northern Longitudinal Valley, Taiwan Derived from Broadband Strong-Motion Simulation Yi-Ying Wen Fault Structural Control on Earthquake Strong Ground Motions: The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake as an Example Yan Zhang, Dongli Zhang, Xiaojun Li, Bei Huang, Wenjun Zheng and Yuejun Wang Voids and Rock Friction at Subseismic Slip Velocity Eiichi Fukuyama, Futoshi Yamashita and Kazuo Mizoguchi A Dimensional Analysis Method for Improved Load Unload Response Ratio Yue Liu and Xiang-Chu Yin Natural Time, Nowcasting and the Physics of Earthquakes: Estimation of Seismic Risk to Global Megacities John B. Rundle, Molly Luginbuhl, Alexis Giguere and Donald L. Turcotte Natural Time and Nowcasting Earthquakes: Are Large Global Earthquakes Temporally Clustered? Molly Luginbuhl, John B. Rundle and Donald L. Turcotte Optimal Scaling of Aftershock Zones using Ground Motion Forecasts John Max Wilson, and John B. Rundle V

5 VI Contents Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment for Himalayan Tibetan Region from Historical and Instrumental Earthquake Catalogs M. Moklesur Rahman, Ling Bai, Nangyal Ghani Khan and Guohui Li Scenario-Based Seismic Hazard Analysis for the Xianshuihe Fault Zone, Southwest China Lifang Zhang, N. Seth Carpenter, Zhenming Wang, Yuejun Lyu and Shanyou Li Tsunami Simulation Method Assimilating Ocean Bottom Pressure Data Near a Tsunami Source Region Yuichiro Tanioka