11. The sphere was dropped into water in a graduated cylinder as shown below.

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Sherilyn Tucker
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1 1. Which action can be performed most accurately using only the human senses? A) tearing a sheet of paper into squares whose sides measure 1 centimeter B) adding 10 grams of salt to a cup of water C) measuring the air pressure of a room D) counting 28 shells from a beach 2. In order to make observations, an observer must always use A) experiments B) the senses C) proportions D) mathematical calculations 3. A group of students observed and measured various characteristics of a stream for one day. Which statement about the stream is most likely an inference? A) The stream water is dark brown. B) The water level of the stream will rise after the next rainfall. C) The velocity of the stream is greatest near the outside of a meander. D) The stream's depth is different at various distances from the streambank. 4. Which statement about an unidentified rock sample is most likely an inference? A) The rock is composed of large crystals. B) The rock has shiny, wavy mineral bands. C) The rock is a metamorphic rock. D) The rock has no visible fossils. 5. The best example of an inference is a A) reading of atmospheric pressure B) measurement of air temperature C) weather forecast for 3 days D) determination of dewpoint temperature 6. Which statement about a rock sample is most likely an inference? A) The rock has flat sides and sharp corners. B) The rock is made of small, dark-colored crystals. C) The rock has thin, distinct layers. D) The rock has changed color due to weathering. 7. Which statement about a burning candle is most likely an inference? A) Carbon dioxide and water vapor are produced by the burning. B) The wick gets shorter as the candle burns. C) The candle wax is melting. D) The flame is yellow. 8. A student is asked to classify several rocks. For best results, the classification should be based on A) inferences B) interpretations C) hypotheses D) observations

2 Base your answers to questions 9 and 10 on the diagrams below, and your knowledge of Earth science. The diagrams represent five substances, A through E, at the same temperature. Some mass, volume, and density values are indicated for each substance. Substance C is a liquid in a graduated cylinder. [Note that 1 cubic centimeter = 1 milliliter. Objects are not drawn to scale.] 9. What is the volume of object D? A) 1.0 cm 3 B) 2.0 cm 3 C) 7.0 cm 3 D) 16.0 cm What is the volume of liquid C? A) 25.0 ml B) 50.0 ml C) 75.0 ml D) ml

3 11. The sphere was dropped into water in a graduated cylinder as shown below. What is the volume of the sphere? A) 15 ml B) 25 ml C) 40 ml D) 65 ml 12. A student determines the density of a mineral to be 1.5 grams per cubic centimeter. If the accepted value is 2.0 grams per cubic centimeter,what is the student s percent deviation (percent error)? A) 25.0% B) 33.3% C) 40.0% D) 50.0% 13. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram and table below. When a sample of the mineral calcite is heated. it expands, causing its density to be A) less than 2.7 g/cm 3 B) exactly 2.7 g/cm 3 C) between 2.7 and 3.0 g/cm 3 D) greater than 3.0 g/cm 3

4 14. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents a solid material of uniform composition. 17. The graph below shows the relationship between mass and volume for three samples, A, B, andc, of a given material. If this material is heated and expands, the density of the material will A) decrease B) increase C) remain the same 15. Compared to the density of liquid water, the density of an ice cube is A) always less B) always greater C) always the same D) sometimes less and sometimes greater 16. The diagram below shows a glass jar containing a clear liquid and a floating rock. What is the density of this material? A) 1.0 g/cm 3 B) 5.0 g/cm 3 C) 10.0 g/cm 3 D) 20.0 g/cm 3 Base your answers to questions 18 and 19 on the diagrams below, which represent two different solid, uniform materials cut into cubes A and B. Which conclusion about the relative density of the rock and the liquid is true? A) The rock is less dense than the liquid. B) The rock is more dense than the liquid. C) The rock and the liquid have the same density. 18. What is the mass of cube B? A) 9 g B) 27 g C) 3 g D) 81 g 19. What is the density of cube A? A) 0.2 g/cm 3 B) 5.0 g/cm 3 C) 12.8 g/cm 3 D) 64.0 g/cm 3

5 20. The diagram below represents a solid object with a density of 3 grams per cubic centimeter. 23. Which diagram most accurately shows the cross-sectional shape of the Earth? A) B) C) D) What is the mass of this object? A) 0.5 g B) 2 g C) 18 g D) 36 g 21. As shown below, an empty 1,000.-milliliter container has a mass of grams. When filled with a liquid, the container and the liquid have a combined mass of 1,300. grams. 24. The diagrams below represent photographs of a large sailboat taken through a telescope over time as the boat sailed away from shore out to sea. Each diagram shows the magnification of the lenses and the time of day. What is the density of the liquid? A) 1.00 g/ml B) 1.05 g/ml C) 1.30 g/ml D) 0.95 g/ml 22. An empty 250-milliliter beaker has a mass of 60 grams. When 100 milliliters of oil is added to the beaker, the total mass is 140 grams. The density of the oil is approximately A) 1.7 g/ml B) 1.4 g/ml C) 0.8 g/ml D) 0.6 g/ml Which statement best explains the apparent sinking of this sailboat? A) The sailboat is moving around the curved surface of Earth. B) The sailboat appears smaller as it moves farther away. C) The change in density of the atmosphere is causing refraction of light rays. D) The tide is causing an increase in the depth of the ocean. 25. The Earth's actual shape is most correctly described as A) a circle B) a perfect sphere C) an oblate sphere D) an eccentric ellipse 26. Which New York State city is located at 42 39' N 73 45' W? A) Buffalo B) Albany C) Ithaca D) Plattsburgh 27. What is the approximate altitude of Polaris at Syracuse, New York? A) 43 B) 47 C) 76 D) 90º

6 28. If an observer on Earth views Polaris on the horizon, the observer is located at the A) equator (0 ) B) North Pole (90 N) C) Tropic of Cancer (23.5 N) D) Tropic of Capricorn (23.5 S) 29. From Utica, New York, Polaris is observed at an altitude of approximately A) 43º B) 47º C) 75º D) 90º 30. At which New York State location would an observer measure the highest altitude of Polaris? A) New York City B) Slide Mountain C) Niagara Falls D) Plattsburgh 31. At which location is the altitude of Polaris approximately 42? A) Niagara Falls B) Elmira C) Watertown D) Massena 32. The diagram below shows an observer on Earth viewing the star Polaris. 34. The diagram below shows an observer measuring the altitude of Polaris. What is the latitude of the observer? A) 20 N B) 20 S C) 70 N D) 70 S 35. The approximate latitude of Utica, New York, is A) N B) S C) E D) W What is the observer's latitude? A) 38 N B) 38 S C) 52 N D) 52 S 33. What time is it in Greenwich, England (at 0 longitude), when it is noon in Massena, New York? A) 7 a.m. B) noon C) 5 p.m. D) 10 p.m.

7 36. Base your answer to the following question on the world map below. Letters A through D represent locations on Earth's surface. At which location could an observer not see Polaris in the night sky at any time during the year? A) A B) B C) C D) D 37. From which New York State location would Polaris be observed to have an altitude closest to 43 above the northern horizon? A) Binghamton B) Utica C) Watertown D) New York City 38. The diagram below shows an observer on Earth measuring the altitude of Polaris. What is the latitude of this observer? A) 90 N B) 66.5 N C) 43 N D) 23.5 N

8 39. At which New York State location will an observer most likely measure the altitude of Polaris as approximately 42? A) Jamestown B) Plattsburgh C) Oswego D) New York City 40. What is the approximate location of the Canary Islands hot spot? A) 32 S 18 W B) 32 S 18 E C) 32 N 18 W D) 32 N 18 E 41. The diagram below shows an observer on Earth measuring the altitude of Polaris. 43. The diagram below shows a student in New York State observing Polaris. The student is located nearest to which city in New York State? A) Plattsburgh B) Albany C) New York City D) Kingston 44. Which diagram best shows the altitude of Polaris observed near Buffalo, New York? A) B) What is the latitude of this observer? A) 43 N B) 43 S C) 47 N D) 47 S 42. As a ship crosses the Prime Meridian, the altitude of Polaris measured from the ship is 50. What is the ship s location? A) 0 latitude 50 east longitude B) 0 latitude 50 west longitude C) 50 north latitude 0 longitude D) 50 south latitude 0 longitude C) D)

45. As a person travels due west across New York State, the altitude of Polaris will A) decrease B) increase C) remain the same 46. The topographic map below shows a hill.

9 45. As a person travels due west across New York State, the altitude of Polaris will A) decrease B) increase C) remain the same 46. The topographic map below shows a hill. Points X and Y represent locations on the hill's surface. Elevations are shown in meters. What is the gradient between points X and Y? A) 40 m/km B) 80 m/km C) 100 m/km D) 120 m/km

10 Base your answers to questions 47 and 48 on the topographic map below. Points X, Y, and Z are locations on the map. Elevations are expressed in meters. 47. What is the elevation of point Z? A) 190 m B) 220 m C) 240 m D) 250 m 48. Mill River generally flows toward the A) southeast B) southwest C) northeast D) northwest

11 Base your answers to questions 49 and 50 on the topographic map below. Points A through I are locations on the map. Elevations are shown in meters. 49. Which locations have the same elevation? A) A and C B) B and E C) C and I D) F and G 50. In which section of the map is the highest elevation located? A) northeast B) northwest C) southeast D) southwest

Base your answers to questions 51 through 53 on the topographic map below. Points A, X, and Y are reference points on the map. 51. What is the approximate gradient along the straight dashed line between points X and Y?

12 Base your answers to questions 51 through 53 on the topographic map below. Points A, X, and Y are reference points on the map. 51. What is the approximate gradient along the straight dashed line between points X and Y? A) 50 m/km B) 100 m/km C) 150 m/km D) 300 m/km 52. In which general direction does Flint Creek flow? A) southwest B) southeast C) northwest D) northeast 53. What is a possible elevation of point A? A) 575 meters B) 600 meters C) 655 meters D) 710 meters

13 54. A topographic map and an incorrectly constructed profile from point A to point H on the map are shown below. What mistake was made in the construction of this profile? A) using a contour interval of 10 feet B) plotting points A through H the same distance apart horizontally C) drawing a curved line instead of a straight line from point B to point C D) increasing the elevation from point F to point H 55. Which element, found in both biotite mica and muscovite mica, makes up the greatest percent by volume of Earth's crust? A) nitrogen B) oxygen C) potassium D) silicon 56. Which material is made mostly of the mineral quartz? A) sulfuric acid B) pencil lead C) plaster of paris D) window glass 57. Which mineral can be found in all samples of rhyolite and andesite? A) pyroxene B) quartz C) biotite D) potassium feldspar 58. Silicate minerals contain the elements silicon and oxygen. Which list contains only silicate materials? A) graphite, talc, and selenite gypsum B) potassium feldspar, quartz, and amphibole C) calcite, dolomite, and pyroxene D) biotite mica, fluorite, and garnet 59. Which mineral is the major component of drywall? A) talc B) calcite C) muscovite mica D) selenite gypsum

B) Rocks seldom undergo change. C) Most rocks contain fossils. D) Most rocks have several minerals in common. 62.

14 60. The table below shows some properties of four different minerals. The minerals listed in the table are varieties of which mineral? A) garnet B) magnetite C) quartz D) olivine 61. Which is an accurate statement about rocks? A) Rocks are located only in continental areas of the Earth. B) Rocks seldom undergo change. C) Most rocks contain fossils. D) Most rocks have several minerals in common. 62. Base your answer to the following question on the data table below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The table provides information about four minerals, A through D. The diagram below represents a sample of mineral A. Mineral A is most likely A) garnet B) galena C) olivine D) halite

15 63. The graph below shows the hardness of four minerals. Which mineral is hard enough to scratch calcite but is not hard enough to scratch amphibole? A) muscovite mica B) fluorite C) olivine D) graphite 64. Which two properties are most useful in distinguishing between galena and halite? A) cleavage and color B) luster and color C) hardness and streak D) streak and cleavage 65. A nonvesicular rock is made entirely of green 2-millimeter-diameter crystals that have a hardness of 6.5 and show fracture, but notcleavage. The rock is most likely A) shale B) phyllite C) dunite D) schist 66. Which mineral would most likely become rounded at the fastest rate when tumbled along A) garnet B) pyroxene C) plagioclase feldspar D) selenite gypsum 67. Which mineral will scratch fluorite, galena, and pyroxene? A) graphite B) calcite C) olivine D) dolomite

16 Base your answers to questions 68 and 69 on the data table below, which lists some properties of four minerals that are used as ores of zinc (Zn). 68. A mineral with a hardness of 5 would scratch A) all four zinc minerals in the table B) zincite, but not sphalerite, smithsonite, or willemite C) zincite and sphalerite, but not smithsonite or willemite D) zincite, sphalerite, and smithsonite, but not willemite 69. Which mineral belongs in the same mineral group as quartz and olivine? A) zincite B) willemite C) sphalerite D) smithsonite

17 70. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which shows the results of three different physical tests, A, B, and C, that were performed on a mineral. The luster of this mineral could be determined by A) using an electronic balance B) using a graduated cylinder C) observing how light reflects from the surface of the mineral D) observing what happens when acid is placed on the mineral

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Page 1. Name: Name: 1) What is the approximate density of a mineral with a mass of 262.2 grams that displaces 46 cubic centimeters of water? A) 6.1 g/cm 3 C) 1.8 g/cm 3 B) 5.7 g/cm 3 D) 12.2 g/cm 3 2) In which two Earth