International Journal of Petroleum and Geoscience Engineering Volume 04, Issue 01, Pages 58-65, 2016
|
|
- Sheryl Page
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 International Journal of Petroleum and Geoscience Engineering Volume 04, Issue 01, Pages 58-65, ISSN: Pore Pressure Gradient Prediction Using Well Logs; A Case Study on Malcolm Field, Offshore Niger Delta, Nigeria Abiola O. a, *., Eyinla S. D. b Adeduyite E. T. b a Department of Applied Geophysics, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. b Department of Earth Sciences, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Nigeria. *Corresponding author. Tel.: address: abiola1703@gmail.com A b s t r a c t Keywords: Pore pressure, Normal compaction trendline, Abnormal formation pressure, Wireline log, Pressure gradient. Accepted: 15 Mar Pore pressure evaluation and prediction was undertaken in Malcolm field, offshore Niger Delta, Nigeria using wireline log data. The pore pressure gradient indicator used is the sonic log from three wells namely; A, B and C which were drilled in the field. Ben Eaton s method was used to estimate pore pressure gradient in this research work. Overpressured intervals were also delineated on the sonic log data with the use of a Normal Compaction Trendline (NCT). In well A, normal pressure at depth 6605 ft and 9265 ft with its pore pressure delineated to be psi/ft. Abnormal formation pressure at depth 6682 ft, 8914 ft, 9547 ft was delineated to be psi/ft, psi/ft, and psi/ft respectively. In well B, at depths 7573 ft and 9014 ft abnormally low pressure of psi/ft and psi/ft respectively were delineated, while at depth 11106ft, abnormally high pressure was delineated to be psi/ft. In well C, at depths 7447 ft and 8299 ft abnormally high pressure was delineated to be psi/ft and psi/ft respectively, while at depths 9676 ft and ft, abnormally low pressure were delineated to be psi/ft and psi/ft respectively. There was no normal pressure in well B and C. As a result of these, accurate pore pressures prediction in overpressured regions is essential to ensure safe drilling operations and reduce the cost of drilling. Academic Research Online Publisher. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Geophysical well-logging entails the measurement of the physical properties of the surrounding rocks with a sensor located down hole, the record of the measurement as a function of depth is known as a log. With the drilling of most deep wells, formations are penetrated that will flow naturally at a significant rate. In drilling these wells, safety dictates that the wellbore pressure (at any depth) be maintained between the naturally occurring pressure of the formation fluids and the maximum wellbore pressure that the formation can withstand without fracture. Knowledge of formation fluid pressure and fracture pressure, and how these two parameters vary with depth is extremely important in planning and drilling a deep well [1]. According to [2], the place of petroleum in the economic survival of several nations of the world 58 P a g e
2 cannot be overemphasized. The time and the enormous cost of exploration for this all important mineral make it imperative for the attainment of perfection in methods of its detection. The different formation pressure encountered in an area play a vital role both during exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbon resources reservoir. The different kinds of reservoir pressure which are usually encountered during the course of drilling are broadly divided into three main components: Hydrostatic pressure, Overburden pressure and Formation pressure. The vertical pressure at any point in the earth is known as the overburden pressure or geostatic pressure [1]. The overburden pressure at any point is a function of the mass of rock and fluid above the point of interest. In order to calculate the overburden pressure at any point, the average density of the material (rock and fluids) above the point of interest must be determined. The pore pressure of a formation refers to that portion of the overburden pressure which is not supported by the rock matrix, but rather by the liquids which exist in the spaces of the formation. The main overpressure causes are under compaction, fluid expansion, fluid migration and tectonics [3]. If the pore pressure is less than normal hydrostatic pressure, the formation is said to be subnormally pressured but if exceeds the expected hydrostatic pressure for that depth, the zone is termed abnormally pressured. Identifying the over pressured zones in drilling is crucial as it narrows the available drilling mud window [4]. Drilling under tight mud windows increases the possibility of either fracturing of the formation or inviting blow outs. Proper understanding of the pore pressure can reduce the well cost and can help to plan a safe drilling well Location of the study area The study area, Malcolm field is in the offshore Niger Delta lies within latitudes 3 0 and 6 0 N and longitudes 5 0 and 8 0 E, is made up of fresh water swamps and mangrove swamps with relief that increases towards north. Figure 1 is the base map of the study area showing the location of the three wells used for the work Geology of the study area Stratigraphically, Niger Delta is divided into three diachronous units (Fig. 2) of Eocene to Recent age that form a major regressive cycle that is broken up into a series of offlap cycles named the Akata, Agbada and Benin Formations [5-9]. The Benin Formation is the upper alluvial coastal plain depositional environment of the Niger Delta Complex. It extends from the west Niger Delta across the entire Niger Delta area and to the south beyond the present coastline. The formation was deposited in a continental fluviatile environment and composed almost entirely of non-marine sandstone. It consists of coarse-grained sandstones, gravel lignite streaks and wood fragments with minor intercalation of shales. Benin Formation is of Miocene to younger age and has a variable thickness that exceeds 1820 m. In the subsurface, it is of Oligocene age in the north becoming progressively younger southwards but ranges from Miocene to Recent as generally accepted. Very little hydrocarbon accumulation has been associated with this formation. The Agbada Formation underlies the Benin Formation. It was laid down in paralic brackish to marine fluviatile, coastal environments. It is made up mainly of alternating sandstone, silt and shale. The sandstones are poorly sorted, rounded to subrounded, slightly consolidated but majority are unconsolidated. The sandstones grade into shale in the lower part of the formation. Agbada Formation ranges in age from Eocene in the north to Pliocene in the south. The sandy parts of the formation are known to constitute the main hydrocarbon reservoirs of the delta oil fields and the shales constitute seals to the reservoirs. The thickness of the formation reaches a maximum of about 4500 m. 59 P a g e
3 The Akata Formation is the lowest unit of the Niger Delta complex. It is composed of mainly shale with sandstones and siltstones locally interbedded. The Formation becomes shalier with depth. It was deposited in a marine environment and has a thickness, which may reach 7000 m in the central part of the delta. The Akata Formation outcrops offshore in diapirs along the continental slope, and onshore in the north east, where they are called Imo Shale. The age of the Akata Formation ranges from Eocene to Recent. One of the most conspicuous geological features of the Niger Delta is its growth fault pattern (Fig. 3). The delta sequence is deformed by syn-sedimentary faulting and folding. [10] described the main structural features of the Niger Delta as growth faults and rollover anticlines. 2. Materials and methods of study The materials used for this research work are well logs from three wells; A, B and C. Methods of evaluating abnormal pore pressures are separated in two categories, prediction and detection methods. The prediction methods normally use data obtained from seismic surveys, offset well logs and well history. Detection methods traditionally utilize drilling parameters and well log information obtained during the actual drilling of a well. The Eaton s method was used in this research work to estimate the pore pressure gradient from well logs. The pore pressure prediction strategy requires petrophysical data: specifically formation resistivity or conductivity, to predict pore pressures. Eaton developed a simple relationship that will predict the pore pressure knowing the normal compaction trendline (NCT) and Overburden Gradient (OBG). The Eaton s equation used is: PP = OBG ((OBG Pn) * (ΔTn/ΔTo)^3.0 (1) Where: PP = Predicted pore pressure (psi/ft) at depth Z, OBG = Overburden Gradient (psi/ft) at depth Z, Pn = the normal pressure at depth Z, ΔTn = the assumed normal sonic slowness (μsec/ft) at depth Z (calculated from the NCT), ΔTo = the observed (measured) sonic slowness (μsec/ft) at depth Z. Fig. 1: Base map of the study area. 60 P a g e
4 Fig. 2: Stratigraphic column showing the three Formations of the Niger Delta. Modified from [9, 11]. Fig. 3: Typical Growth Faults Found Within the Study Area Modified from [9, 11]. 3. Results and discussion A set of curve was picked through smoothed sonic log data from the 3 wells A, B and C, in order to establish Normal Compaction Trend (NCT) from sonic log. These curves were plotted with respect to depth and the normal compaction trend established (Figures 4, 5 and 6). The deviation from this trend is an indication of abnormal pressure [12, 13]. Quantitative pressure analysis using the sonic log is based on calibrating the observed sonic log value and an expected or normal sonic value with known pressure measurements. The depth of the normal compaction trend (NCT) was picked in the three well from 61 P a g e
5 smoothed sonic data and the depth was corresponded to each other in the three wells. This method is based on the principle of flow direction of the pore pressure gradient. Measured Depth P-Sonic Fig. 4: Fitting Normal Compaction Trend to the sonic data of well A. Measured Depth P-Sonic Fig. 5: Fitting Normal Compaction Trend to the sonic data of well B. Measured Depth P-Sonic Fig. 6: Fitting Normal Compaction Trend to the sonic data of well C. Tables 1, 2 and 3 below shows the occurrence of abnormally low pressure, abnormaly high pressure, and normal pore pressure as observed from the normal compaction (NCT) trendline within the three wells. Pore pressure above psi/ft is said to be abnormally high pressure 62 P a g e
6 (supressure) while pressures below psi/ft is said to be abnormally low pressure (subpressure). Well A covers the depth interval ranging from 6505 to ft (Table 1). Normal pore pressure of psi/ft could be observed only at depths 6605 and 9265 ft but abnormal high pressure of psi/ft occurred at depth 7113 ft. Abnormal low formation pore pressure also occurred at depths 6682 ft, 8914 ft, 9547 ft with values psi/ft, psi/ft, and psi/ft respectively. All the remaining depths of investigation are moderately pressured. Also, well B, covers the depth intervals of 6235 ft ft (Table 2). The case of abnormally low pressure of psi/ft and psi/ft could be observed at depths 7573 ft and 9014 ft respectively. But abnormally high pressure of psi/ft occurred at depth 11106ft. There were moderately pressure zones in the formation within the other parts of the well. And well C, the depth intervals ranges between 6860 and ft respectively (Table 3). At depths 7447 ft and 8299 ft, abnormally high pore pressure of psi/ft and psi/ft was observed, while at depths 9676 ft and ft, abnormally low pore pressure of psi/ft and psi/ft was observed. While record of slight normal pressure occurred at the remaining depths of investigation within the well. Table 1: The pore pressure values at various intervals for well A. S/N DEPTH (ft) TO TN PP (psi/ft) (msec) (msec) P a g e
7 Table 2: The pore pressure values at various intervals for well B. S/N DEPTH TO TN PP (psi/ft) (ft) (msec) (msec) Table 3: The pore pressure values at various intervals for well C. S/N DEPTH TO TN PP (psi/ft) (ft) (msec) (msec) P a g e
8 4. Conclusion Analysis of sonic and density log data shows that overpressure in the field could be inferred to have been generated by disequilibrium compaction of the lower Agbada Formation. Since the pore pressure g r a d i e n t values estimated represent the pressure in the wellbore at which the formation will crack, for each of the abnormal formation pressure encountered. With the use of accurate pore pressure gradient prediction, well control events such as formation fluid kicks, lost circulation, surface blowouts and underground blowout can be avoided. The pore pressure gradient prediction will be useful when designing future drilling and completion operations to ensure safe drilling operations and reduce the cost of drilling in the study area. Therefore, accurate pore-pressure gradient prediction in overpressured regions like Niger Delta is essential. References [1] Eyinla D. S. and Oladunjoye M. A., Estimating Geo-mechanical Strength of Reservoir Rocks from Well logs for Safety Limits in Sand-free Production, [2] Eyinla D. S, Reservoir evaluation of success oil field, offshore Niger Delta, Nigeria. Unpublished project work submitted to the Department of Geology, Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba Akoko, [3] Swarbrick, R. E. and Osborne, M. J., Mechanisms that generate abnormal pressure: an overview, in Law, B. E., Ulmishek, G. F. and Slavin V.I. eds,. Abnormal pressures in hydrocarbon environments. AAPG Memoir, (70): 13-34, [4] Eaton, B. A., Graphical method to predict geopressures worldwide. World Oil, (182): 51-56, [5] Short, K. C., and Stäuble, A. J., Outline of Geology of Niger Delta. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, (51): , [6]Avbovbo, A. A.Tertiary lithostratigraphy of Niger Delta. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, (62): , [7] Whiteman, A., Nigeria: Its Petroleum Geology, Resources and Potential, London, Graham and Trotman, 394, [8] Knox, G. J. and Omatsola, E. M. Development of the Cenozoic Niger Delta in terms of the Escalator Regression Model and Impact on Hydrocarbon Distribution. Proceedings of the KNGMG Symposium: Coastal Lowland Geology and Geotechnology Kluwer Acad Publ. Netherlands, , [9] Doust, H., and Omatsola, E., Niger Delta, in, Edwards, J. D., and Santogrossi, P.A., eds., Divergent/passive Margin Basins, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 48: , [10] Evamy, B.D., Haremboure, J., Kamerling, P., Knaap, W.A., Molloy, F.A., and Rowlands, P.H., Hydrocarbon habitat of Tertiary Niger Delta, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, (62): , [11] Shannon, P. M. and Naylor, N., Petroleun Basin Studies, London, Graham and Trotman Limited, , [12] Dutta, N. C., Geopressure prediction using seismic data: Current status and road ahead: Geophysics, (67): , [13] Huffman, A.R., The future of pore pressure prediction using geophysical methods, The Leading Edge, (21): , P a g e
Overpressure Prediction In The North-West Niger Delta, Using Porosity Data
IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics (IOSR-JAGG) e-issn: 2321 0990, p-issn: 2321 0982.Volume 1, Issue 3 (Sep. Oct. 2013), PP 42-50 Overpressure Prediction In The North-West Niger Delta, Using
More informationLithofacies Characterization of Sedimentary Succession from Oligocene to Early Miocene Age in X2 Well, Greater Ughelli Depo Belt, Niger Delta, Nigeria
Journal of Geosciences and Geomatics, 2018, Vol. 6, No. 2, 77-84 Available online at http://pubs.sciepub.com/jgg/6/2/5 Science and Education Publishing DOI:10.12691/jgg-6-2-5 Lithofacies Characterization
More informationRESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION USING SEISMIC AND WELL LOGS DATA (A CASE STUDY OF NIGER DELTA)
RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION USING SEISMIC AND WELL LOGS DATA (A CASE STUDY OF NIGER DELTA) * ESHIMOKHAI, S. and AKHIREVBULU, O.E. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ejesm.v5i4.s20 Received 19th June 2012; accepted
More informationPore Pressure Prediction Using Offset Well Logs: Insight from Onshore Niger Delta, Nigeria
American Journal of Geophysics, Geochemistry and Geosystems Vol. 1, No. 3, 2015, pp. 77-86 http://www.aiscience.org/journal/aj3g Pore Pressure Prediction Using Offset Well Logs: Insight from Onshore Niger
More informationDetermination of Geothermal Gradient in the Eastern Niger Delta Sedimentary Basin from Bottom Hole Temperatures
Journal of Earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 4, no. 3, 2014, 109-114 ISSN: 1792-9040 (print), 1792-9660 (online) Scienpress Ltd, 2014 Determination of Geothermal Gradient in the Eastern
More informationFORMATION EVALUATION OF SIRP FIELD USING WIRELINE LOGS IN WESTERN DEPOBELT OF NIGER DELTA
FORMATION EVALUATION OF SIRP FIELD USING WIRELINE LOGS IN WESTERN DEPOBELT OF NIGER DELTA 1 Obioha C, ²Adiela U. P and ³*Egesi N 1,3 Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt,
More informationIntegration of Well Logs and Seismic Data for Prospects Evaluation of an X Field, Onshore Niger Delta, Nigeria
International Journal of Geosciences, 2012, 3, 872-877 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2012.324088 Published Online September 2012 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/ijg) Integration of Well Logs and Seismic
More informationHydrocarbon Potential of the Marginal Fields in Niger Delta Oza Field, a case study*
Hydrocarbon Potential of the Marginal Fields in Niger Delta Oza Field, a case study* J.N. Sahu 1, C.H.V. Satya Sai 1, V. Chintamani 1 and C. Vishnu Vardhan 1 Search and Discovery Article #20182 (2012)*
More informationHydrocarbon Volumetric Analysis Using Seismic and Borehole Data over Umoru Field, Niger Delta-Nigeria
International Journal of Geosciences, 2011, 2, 179-183 doi:10.4236/ijg.2011.22019 Published Online May 2011 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/ijg) Hydrocarbon Volumetric Analysis Using Seismic and Borehole
More informationMODEL COMPACTION EQUATION FOR HYDROSTATIC SANDSTONES OF THE NIGER DELTA.
Ife Journal of Science vol. 13, no. 1 (2011) MODEL COMPACTION EQUATION FOR HYDROSTATIC SANDSTONES OF THE NIGER DELTA. Benjamin, U.K and *Nwachukwu, J.I Department of Geology, Obafemi Awolowo University,
More informationRivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B.5080, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH 2013, Science Huβ, http://www.scihub.org/ajsir ISSN: 2153-649X, doi:10.5251/ajsir.2013.4.3.272.276 Comparison of seismic processing and interpretation
More informationDistribution of Overpressure and its Prediction in Saurashtra Dahanu Block, Western Offshore Basin, India*
Distribution of Overpressure and its Prediction in Saurashtra Dahanu Block, Western Offshore Basin, India* Kanak R. Nambiar 1, B.K. Singh 2, R.N. Goswami 2, and K.R.K. Singh 2 Search and Discovery Article
More informationOverpressure/ Depositional Analysis of Parts of Onshore (X-Field) Niger Delta Basin Nigeria, Based on Well Logs Data.
IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics (IOSR-JAGG) e-issn: 2321 0990, p-issn: 2321 0982.Volume 4, Issue 5 Ver. III (Sep. - Oct. 2016), PP 01-13 www.iosrjournals.org Overpressure/ Depositional Analysis
More informationSequence Stratigraphic Framework of the Paradise-Field Niger Delta, Nigeria.
Sequence Stratigraphic Framework of the Paradise-Field Niger Delta, Nigeria. A.O. Anyiam, M.Sc. and A.W. Mode, Ph.D. Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria E-mail: okwy_anyiam@yahoo.com
More informationFormation Pore Pressure and Fracture Pressure Estimating from Well Log in One of the Southern Iranian Oil Field
Formation Pore Pressure and Fracture Pressure Estimating from Well Log in One of the Southern Iranian Oil Field * Mohammadreza Zare-Reisabadi, Mehdi Bahremandi Research Institute of Petroleum Industry
More informationGEOPHYSICAL AND WELL CORELLATION ANALYSIS OF OGO FIELD: A CASE STUDY IN NIGER DELTA BASIN OF NIGERIA
Nigerian Journal of Technology (NIJOTECH) Vol. 36, No. 3, July 2017, pp. 729 733 Copyright Faculty of Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Print ISSN: 0331-8443, Electronic ISSN: 2467-8821 www.nijotech.com
More informationEstimation of Water Saturation Using a Modeled Equation and Archie s Equation from Wire-Line Logs, Niger Delta Nigeria
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) e-issn: 2278-4861. Volume 3, Issue 4 (Mar. - Apr. 2013), PP 66-71 Estimation of Water Saturation Using a Modeled Equation and Archie s Equation from Wire-Line
More informationFormation Evaluation of an Onshore Oil Field, Niger Delta Nigeria.
IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics (IOSR-JAGG) e-issn: 2321 0990, p-issn: 2321 0982.Volume 4, Issue 6 Ver. II (Nov-Dec. 2016), PP 36-47 www.iosrjournals.org Formation Evaluation of an Onshore
More informationAvailable online Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 2018, 5(6): Research Article
Available online www.jsaer.com, 2018, 5(6):17-24 Research Article ISSN: 2394-2630 CODEN(USA): JSERBR Reservoir Characterization and Structural Mapping of UVO Field, Onshore Niger Delta using Well Logs
More informationONLINE FIRST(NOT Peer-Reviewed)
ONLINE FIRST(NOT Peer-Reviewed) Title:Hydrocarbon Reservoir Evaluation: a case study of Tymot field at southwestern offshore Niger Delta Oil Province, Nigeria Author:Victor Cypren Nwaezeapu Institute/Affiliation:Nnamdi
More informationPetrophysical Charaterization of the Kwale Field Reservoir Sands (OML 60) from Wire-line Logs, Niger Delta, Nigeria. EKINE, A. S.
JASEM ISSN 1119-8362 All rights reserved Full-text Available Online at wwwbiolineorgbr/ja J Appl Sci Environ Manage December, 2009 Vol 13(4) 81-85 Petrophysical Charaterization of the Kwale Field Reservoir
More informationPlane Versus Elastic Wave AVO Anisotropic Synthetic Modeling in Derby Field, Southeastern Niger Delta
Current Research in Geosciences Original Research Paper Plane Versus Elastic Wave AVO Anisotropic Synthetic Modeling in Derby Field, Southeastern Niger Delta Chukwuemeka Ngozi Ehirim and Nnamdi Ogbonna
More informationEVALUATION OF SEISMIC ATTRIBUTES OF APO FIELD, ONSHORE NIGER DELTA, SOUTHERN NIGERIA
EVALUATION OF SEISMIC ATTRIBUTES OF APO FIELD, ONSHORE NIGER DELTA, SOUTHERN NIGERIA Ekpe G. A 1, Emudianughe J. E 2 and Umukoro J 3 1 Department of Geology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt,
More informationAvailable online Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 2016, 3(6): Research Article
Available online www.jsaer.com, 2016, 3(6):324-332 Research Article ISSN: 2394-2630 CODEN(USA): JSERBR Reservoir Modeling and Hydrocarbon Evaluation of Abi-Field, Niger Delta, Nigeria Adiela UP 1, Omoboriowo
More informationNAPE 2011 Lagos, Nigeria 28 November-2 December 2011 Extended Abstract
T: +44 191 334 2191 E: info@ikonscience.com W: www.ikonscience.com Pore Pressure Prediction in the Niger Delta NAPE 2011 Lagos, Nigeria 28 November-2 December 2011 Extended Abstract PORE PRESSURE PREDICTION
More informationSTRUCTURAL INTERPRETATION AND HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL OF OBUA FIELD, NIGER DELTA, SOUTHERN NIGERIA
STRUCTURAL INTERPRETATION AND HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL OF OBUA FIELD, NIGER DELTA, SOUTHERN NIGERIA 1 Iwuoma Juliet Onyinyechukwu and 2 Minapuye I. Odigi 1 Department of Geology, University of Port Harcourt,
More informationReservoir Characterization: Implications From Petrophysical Data of the Paradise-Field, Niger Delta, Nigeria
Reservoir haracterization: Implications From Petrophysical Data of the Paradise-Field, Niger Delta, Nigeria A.W. Mode, Ph.D. and A.O. Anyiam, M.Sc. Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka,
More informationKeywords: Exploration; reservoir structure; stratigraphic trap; uncertainty; petrophysical property.
Article Open Access INTEGRATION OF 3D SEISMIC AND WELL LOG DATA FOR THE EXPLORATION OF KINI FIELD, OFF- SHORE NIGER DELTA Adesoji O. Akanji 1, Oluseun A. Sanuade 2, SanLinn I. Kaka 2, Isaac D. Balogun
More informationThe Integrated Seismic Reservoir Characterization (ISRC), Study in Amboy Field of Niger Delta Oil Field Nigeria
Geosciences 2012, 2(3): 60-65 DOI: 10.5923/j.geo.20120203.04 The Integrated Seismic Reservoir Characterization (ISRC), Study in Amboy Field of Niger Delta Oil Field Nigeria Odoh B. I 1, Onyeji Johnbosco
More informationThe Effect of Temperature on Hydrocarbon Types in Bara Oilfield, Niger Delta Basin, Gulf Of Guinea West Africa
International Journal of Science and Technology Volume 4 No. 9, September, 2015 The Effect of Temperature on Hydrocarbon Types in Bara Oilfield, Niger Delta Basin, Gulf Of Guinea West Africa Jonathan O.
More informationEstimation of Pore Pressure from Well logs: A theoretical analysis and Case Study from an Offshore Basin, North Sea
P-217 Estimation of Pore Pressure from Well logs: A theoretical analysis and Case Study from an Offshore Basin, North Sea Pritam Bera Final Year, M.Sc.Tech. (Applied Geophysics) Summary This paper concerns
More informationDetecting and Predicting Over Pressure Zones in the Niger Delta, Nigeria: A Case Study of Afam Field.
Detecting and Predicting Over Pressure Zones in the Niger Delta, Nigeria: A Case Study of Afam Field. Olatunbosun Alao 1*, William Ofuyah 2 and Ayobami Abegunrin 1 1.Department of Geology, Obafemi Awolowo
More informationSpectral Analysis of Dynamite Shots of Different Charge Sizes at Varying Shot-Depths in Mid-West Niger Delta, Nigeria
Spectral Analysis of Dynamite Shots of Different Charge Sizes at Varying Shot-Depths in Mid-West Niger Delta, Nigeria Madu Anthony Joseph Chinenyeze 1, Eze Martina Onyinye 2, Agbo Christian Chukwudi 3,
More informationInternational Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): Index Copernicus Value (2015): Impact Factor (2015): 6.
Relevant Velocities in Seismic Prospecting and High Resolution Petroleum Exploration in the Niger Delta and Adjoining in-land Sedimentary Basins, Nigeria Madu Anthony Joseph Chinenyeze 1, Agbo Christian
More informationGrowth Fault History Analysis of an Oil Field, Niger Delta, Nigeria
International Journal of Geophysics and Geochemistry 2015; 2(5): 105-112 Published online October 10, 2015 (http://www.aascit.org/journal/ijgg) ISSN: 2381-1099 (Print); ISSN: 2381-1102 (Online) Growth
More informationPore Pressure Prediction and Distribution in Arthit Field, North Malay Basin, Gulf of Thailand
Pore Pressure Prediction and Distribution in Arthit Field, North Malay Basin, Gulf of Thailand Nutthaphon Ketklao Petroleum Geoscience Program, Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn
More informationTh SBT1 14 Seismic Characters of Pore Pressure Due to Smectite-to-illite Transition
Th SBT1 14 Seismic Characters of Pore Pressure Due to Smectite-to-illite Transition X. Qin* (University of Houston) & D. Han (University of Houston) SUMMARY In this study, we strive to understand unloading
More informationA Comparative Model Approach to Pore Pressure Prediction Applied to Central/Coastal Swamp Depobelt of the Niger Delta Basin
2017 IJSRST Volume 3 Issue 8 Print ISSN: 2395-6011 Online ISSN: 2395-602X Themed Section: Science and Technology A Comparative Model Approach to Pore Pressure Prediction Applied to Central/Coastal Swamp
More informationProcess, Zeit Bay Fields - Gulf of Suez, Egypt*
PS Pressure Regime Evaluation, Role, and Contribution in Well Planning and Formation Evaluation Process, Zeit Bay Fields - Gulf of Suez, Egypt* Saber Moustafa Selim 1, Khaled Mohamed Abdallah 1, and Khalaf
More informationCalibration of Gardner coefficient for density velocity relationships of tertiary sediments in Niger Delta Basin
J Petrol Explor Prod Technol (2017) 7:627 635 DOI 10.1007/s13202-017-0313-7 ORIGINAL PAPER - EXPLORATION GEOLOGY Calibration of Gardner coefficient for density velocity relationships of tertiary sediments
More informationRESERVOIR EVALUATION OF T-X FIELD (ONSHORE, NIGER DELTA) FROM WELL LOG PETROPHYSICAL ANALYSIS
http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v9i2.25 Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 9(2): 132-140 Received: June, 2016 Accepted: December, 2016 ISSN 2006 6996 RESERVOIR EVALUATION OF T-X FIELD (ONSHORE,
More informationDetermination of Pore Pressure Using Divergences
International Journal of Petroleum Science and Technology ISSN 0973-6328 Volume 11, Number 1 (2017), pp. 51-63 Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com Determination of Pore Pressure Using
More informationWell Logs 3 D Seismic Sequence Stratigraphy Evaluation of Holu Field, Niger Delta, Nigeria
Well Logs 3 D Seismic Sequence Stratigraphy Evaluation of Holu Field, Niger Delta, Nigeria John O. Amigun 1, Olumide Adewoye 1, Temitope Olowolafe 1 and Emmanuel Okwoli 2 1 Department of Applied Geophysics,
More informationHydrocarbon Potentials of Baze Field, Onshore Niger Delta, Nigeria: Petrophysical Analysis and Structural Mapping
Journal of Geosciences and Geomatics, 2018, Vol. 6, No. 2, 55-64 Available online at http://pubs.sciepub.com/jgg/6/2/3 Science and Education Publishing DOI:10.12691/jgg-6-2-3 Hydrocarbon Potentials of
More informationEvaluation of Hydrocarbon Prospect of Amu Field, Niger-Delta, Nigeria
International Research Journal of Geology and Mining (IRJGM) (2276-6618) Vol. 6(1) pp. 001-008, May, 2016 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14303/irjgm.2016.105 Available online http://www.interesjournals.org/irjgm
More informationInternational Research Journal of Interdisciplinary & Multidisciplinary Studies (IRJIMS)
International Research Journal of Interdisciplinary & Multidisciplinary Studies (IRJIMS) A Peer-Reviewed Monthly Research Journal ISSN: 2394-7969 (Online), ISSN: 2394-7950 (Print) Volume-II, Issue-II,
More informationPore Pressure and Fracture Gradientassessment from Well Log Petrophysical Data of Agbada Formation, South-East Niger-Delta
American Journal of Scientific Research ISSN 2301-2005 Issue 105 March, 2015, pp.47-61 http://www.americanjournalofscientificresearch.com Pore Pressure and Fracture Gradientassessment from Well Log Petrophysical
More informationSEISMIC AND PETROPHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SELECTED WELLS, NIGER DELTA
SEISMIC AND PETROPHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SELECTED WELLS, NIGER DELTA Oghonyon Rorome 1, Njoku A. Felix 2 and Itiowe Kiamuke 3 1,2,3 Department of Geology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt,
More informationFormation evaluation of an onshore appraisal well KG-5, green field, Niger Delta, Nigeria
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH 2010, Science Huβ, http://www.scihub.org/ajsir ISSN: 2153-649X doi:10.5251/ajsir.2010.1.2.262.270 Formation evaluation of an onshore appraisal well
More informationEvaluation of Hydrocarbon Volume in TRH Field, Onshore Niger Delta, Nigeria
International Journal of Geophysics and Geochemistry 2015; 2(5): 113-123 Published online October 10, 2015 (http://www.aascit.org/journal/ijgg) ISSN: 2381-1099 (Print); ISSN: 2381-1102 (Online) Evaluation
More informationScholars Research Library. Predicting the aquifer characteristic within the major towns in Ndokwa land
Available online at www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com Archives of Physics Research, 2011, 2 (4):1-5 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html) ISSN : 0976-0970 CODEN (USA): APRRC7 Predicting the aquifer
More informationAnalyticalDeterminationofSubsurfaceTemperatureusingTwoLayersModelinPartofNigerDeltaSedimentaryBasinNigeria
Global Journal of Science Frontier Research: A Physics and Space Science Volume 16 Issue 3 Version 1.0 Year 2016 Type : Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals
More informationMeandering Miocene Deep Sea Channel Systems Offshore Congo, West Africa
Meandering Miocene Deep Sea Channel Systems Offshore Congo, West Africa S. Baer* (PGS), J. E. Comstock (PGS), K. Vrålstad (PGS), R. Borsato (PGS), M. Martin (PGS), J.P. Saba (SNPC), B. Débi-Obambé (SNPC)
More informationRock-Physics and Seismic-Inversion Based Reservoir Characterization of AKOS FIELD, Coastal Swamp Depobelt, Niger Delta, Nigeria
IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics (IOSR-JAGG) e-issn: 2321 0990, p-issn: 2321 0982.Volume 5, Issue 4 Ver. III (Jul. Aug. 2017), PP 59-67 www.iosrjournals.org Rock-Physics and Seismic-Inversion
More informationAn integrated geothermal, gravity and aeromagnetic study for possible structural feature analysis of the Eastern Niger Delta sedimentary basin
Vol. 14, 2018 ISSN 2278 5485 EISSN 2278 5477 Science DISCOVERY An integrated geothermal, gravity and aeromagnetic study for possible structural feature analysis of the Eastern Niger Delta sedimentary basin
More informationPressure Regimes in Deep Water Areas: Cost and Exploration Significance Richard Swarbrick and Colleagues Ikon GeoPressure, Durham, England
Pressure Regimes in Deep Water Areas: Cost and Exploration Significance Richard Swarbrick and Colleagues Ikon GeoPressure, Durham, England FINDING PETROLEUM 26 th September 2012 OUTLINE of PRESENTATION
More informationSediment and Sedimentary rock
Sediment and Sedimentary rock Sediment: An accumulation of loose mineral grains, such as boulders, pebbles, sand, silt or mud, which are not cemented together. Mechanical and chemical weathering produces
More informationInternational Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 7, July ISSN
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 7, July-2015 1813 Comparing methods of predicting pore pressure Nwonodi Roland Ifeanyi Abstract--- Comparative analysis uses
More informationSeismic Driven Pore Pressure Prediction
Seismic Driven Pore Pressure Prediction Joanne Wang 2016, PARADIGM. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Today s Topics PPP technology overview Suit-for-purpose seismic velocity analysis A workflow example PPP in 1D and
More informationSEISMIC ATTRIBUTES ANALYSIS FOR RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION; OFFSHORE NIGER DELTA
Petroleum & Coal ISSN 1337-7027 Available online at www.vurup.sk/petroleum-coal Petroleum & Coal 57(6) 619-628, 2015 SEISMIC ATTRIBUTES ANALYSIS FOR RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION; OFFSHORE NIGER DELTA K.
More informationPetrographic, Well Logging and Well Log Analysis of a Wellbore at Umueze in Orlu, Southeastern Nigeria
International Journal of Geophysics and Geochemistry 2017; 4(6): 89-94 http://www.aascit.org/journal/ijgg ISSN: 2381-1099 (Print); ISSN: 2381-1102 (Online) Petrographic, Well Logging and Well Log Analysis
More informationSEISMIC AND PETROPHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES OF RESERVOIRS IN EBI OIL FIELD, NIGER DELTA
SEISMIC AND PETROPHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES OF RESERVOIRS IN EBI OIL FIELD, NIGER DELTA Adiela U.P 1, Itiowe K 2 Emudianughe J 3 1Department of Petroleum Engineering, Nigerian Agip Oil Company, Port Harcourt.
More informationAvailable online Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 2018, 5(1):1-10. Research Article
Available online www.jsaer.com, 2018, 5(1):1-10 Research Article ISSN: 2394-2630 CODEN(USA): JSERBR Evaluation of Reservoir Production Performance Using 3-D Seismic Mapping and Well Logs Analysis (A Case
More informationDownloaded 11/20/12 to Redistribution subject to SEG license or copyright; see Terms of Use at
AVO crossplot analysis in unconsolidated sediments containing gas hydrate and free gas: Green Canyon 955, Gulf of Mexico Zijian Zhang* 1, Daniel R. McConnell 1, De-hua Han 2 1 Fugro GeoConsulting, Inc.,
More informationWeathered Layer Delineation in an X Field in the Niger Delta Basin of Nigeria: The Uphole Data Acquisition Technique
Journal of Earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 4, no. 3, 2014, 115-130 ISSN: 1792-9040 (print), 1792-9660 (online) Scienpress Ltd, 2014 Weathered Layer Delineation in an X Field in the Niger
More informationHydrocarbon reservoir volume estimation using 3-D seismic and well log data over an X-field, Niger Delta Nigeria
J Petrol Explor Prod Technol (2015) 5:453 462 DOI 10.1007/s13202-015-0152-3 ORIGINAL PAPER - EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICS Hydrocarbon reservoir volume estimation using 3-D seismic and well log data over an X-field,
More informationReservoir Property Distribution and Structural Styles Analysis of OML D Regional Line, Onshore Niger Delta Basin
International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR) ISSN 2307-4531 (Print & Online) http://gssrr.org/index.php?journal=journalofbasicandapplied ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
More informationSource Rock Analysis Using Well Logs In Western Niger Delta
IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics (IOSR-JAGG) e-issn: 2321 0990, p-issn: 2321 0982.Volume 6, Issue 2 Ver. I (Mar. Apr. 2018), PP 70-85 www.iosrjournals.org Source Rock Analysis Using Well
More informationSedimentary Fill Modeling: Relationships to Sequence Stratigraphy and Its Implications for Hydrocarbon Exploration in the Niger Delta, Nigeria.
Sedimentary Fill Modeling: Relationships to Sequence Stratigraphy and Its Implications for Hydrocarbon Exploration in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Omabehere I. Ejeh, M.Sc Geology Department, Delta State University,
More informationDrillworks. DecisionSpace Geomechanics DATA SHEET
DATA SHEET Drillworks overview DecisionSpace Geomechanics Key features Pre-drill, real-time, and post-drill analyses are all easily performed in one application using the latest data from across the field
More information3-D Seismic Interpretation and Structural Analysis of Ossu Oil Field, Northern Depobelt, Onshore Niger Delta, Nigeria.
3-D Seismic Interpretation and Structural Analysis of Ossu Oil Field, Northern Depobelt, Onshore Niger Delta, Nigeria. A.I. Opara, Ph.D. * ; U.O. Anyiam, B.Tech.; and A.V. Nduka, B.Tech. Department of
More informationPressure Regime and Hydrodynamic Study of Niger Delta Coastal Swamp: Implication for Hydrocarbon Recovery and Production*
Pressure Regime and Hydrodynamic Study of Niger Delta Coastal Swamp: Implication for Hydrocarbon Recovery and Production* Moruffdeen Adabanija 1, Understanding Aikulola 2, and Innocent Ekpah 3 Search and
More informationMUHAMMAD S TAMANNAI, DOUGLAS WINSTONE, IAN DEIGHTON & PETER CONN, TGS Nopec Geological Products and Services, London, United Kingdom
Geological and Geophysical Evaluation of Offshore Morondava Frontier Basin based on Satellite Gravity, Well and regional 2D Seismic Data Interpretation MUHAMMAD S TAMANNAI, DOUGLAS WINSTONE, IAN DEIGHTON
More informationExploration, Drilling & Production
Nontechnical Guide to PETMOLEUM Geology, Exploration, Drilling & Production Third Edition Norman J. Hyne, Ph.D. Contents Preface *i Introduction 1 The Nature of Gas and Oil 1 Petroleum 1 The Chemistry
More informationPore Pressure Estimation A Drillers Point of View and Application to Basin Models*
Pore Pressure Estimation A Drillers Point of View and Application to Basin Models* Martin D. Matthews 1 Search and Discovery Article #42044 (2017)** Posted March 27, 2017 *Adapted from oral presentation
More informationSource Rock Characterisation of AGBADA Formation in Well Z, Offshore, Niger Delta, Nigeria
Source Rock Characterisation of AGBADA Formation in Well Z, Offshore, Niger Delta, Nigeria A. N. Asadu 1, O.O. Omo-Irabor 2 and K. A. Ibe 3 1, 2 Department of Earth Sciences, Federal University of Petroleum
More informationIntegration of Well Log Analysis and 3-D Seismic in Reserve Estimation of Hydrocarbon Bearing Sands in Q-Field, Niger-Delta Nigeria
Integration of Well Log Analysis and 3-D Seismic in Reserve Estimation of Hydrocarbon Bearing Sands in Q-Field, Niger-Delta Nigeria Bayowa O.G. 1 Mas ud Q.A. 1 Lawal A.W. 2 L.O Ademilua 3* 1.Ladoke Akintola
More informationIntegrated well log and 3-D seismic data interpretation for the Kakinada area of KG PG offshore basin
IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics (IOSR-JAGG) e-issn: 2321 0990, p-issn: 2321 0982.Volume 5, Issue 4 Ver. II (Jul. Aug. 2017), PP 01-05 www.iosrjournals.org Integrated well log and 3-D seismic
More informationAn Integrated Approach to Volume of Shale Analysis: Niger Delta Example, Orire Field
World Applied Sciences Journal 7 (4): 448-452, 2009 ISSN 1818-4952 IDOSI Publications, 2009 An Integrated Approach to Volume of Shale Analysis: Niger Delta Example, Orire Field 1 1 2 L. Adeoti, E.A. Ayolabi
More informationEGAS. Ministry of Petroleum
EGAS Ministry of Petroleum EGAS Ministry of Petroleum About The Block Location: N. El Arish offshore block is located in the extreme eastern part of the Egypt s economic water border and bounded from the
More informationVertical Hydrocarbon Migration at the Nigerian Continental Slope: Applications of Seismic Mapping Techniques.
ROAR HEGGLAND, Statoil ASA, N-4035 Stavanger, Norway Vertical Hydrocarbon Migration at the Nigerian Continental Slope: Applications of Seismic Mapping Techniques. Summary By the use of 3D seismic data,
More informationThe map The ma (Somaliland ( Somaliland Somalia) SOMALIA SOMALILAND
SOMALILAND COUNTRY BACKGROUND & HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL MINISTRY OF WATER & MINERAL RESOURCES PRESENTATION OUTLINE Introduction Petroleum Geology Petroleum Regulations & PSC Model Re-sizing of Blocks Current
More informationContinuous Wavelet Transform Based Spectral Decomposition of 3d Seismic Data for Reservoir Characterization in Oyi Field, se Niger Delta
American Journal of Applied Sciences Original Research Paper Continuous Wavelet Transform Based Spectral Decomposition of 3d Seismic Data for Reservoir Characterization in Oyi Field, se Niger Delta Chukwuemeka
More informationSo I have a Seismic Image, But what is in that Image?
P-513 So I have a Seismic Image, But what is in that Image? Dr. Nader C. Dutta, Schlumberger Introduction and background Migration involves repositioning of returned signals in a seismic experiment to
More informationA Spectral Method of Segmenting Well Data into Its Main Rock Stratigraphic Units in Niger Delta
Geosciences 2017, 7(2): 47-54 DOI: 10.5923/j.geo.20170702.01 A Spectral Method of Segmenting Well Data into Its Main Rock Stratigraphic Units in Niger Delta Williams Ofuyah 1,*, Omafume Orji 2, Sunday
More informationLab 7: Sedimentary Structures
Name: Lab 7: Sedimentary Structures Sedimentary rocks account for a negligibly small fraction of Earth s mass, yet they are commonly encountered because the processes that form them are ubiquitous in the
More informationStrictly as per the compliance and regulations of :
Global Journal of Science Frontier Research: Physics and Space Science Volume 16 Issue 1 Version 1.0 Year 2016 Type : Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals
More informationA new model for pore pressure prediction Fuyong Yan* and De-hua Han, Rock Physics Lab, University of Houston Keyin Ren, Nanhai West Corporation, CNOOC
A new model for pore pressure prediction Fuyong Yan* and De-hua Han, Rock hysics Lab, University of Houston Keyin Ren, Nanhai West Corporation, CNOOC Summary Eaton s equation is the most popularly used
More informationDerived Rock Attributes Analysis for Enhanced Reservoir Fluid and Lithology Discrimination
IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics (IOSR-JAGG) e-issn: 2321 0990, p-issn: 2321 0982.Volume 5, Issue 2 Ver. I (Mar. - Apr. 2017), PP 95-105 www.iosrjournals.org Derived Rock Attributes Analysis
More informationproved by the discovery of giant oil and gas fields in this
Characteristic of Pore Pressure at the Sub Surface Sedimentary Rock in Deep Water Part of Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia Ginanjar 1, Dicky Muslim 2, Hendarmawan 3, Ildrem Syafri 4 1 Student at
More informationScientific Research Journal (SCIRJ), Volume IV, Issue XI, November ISSN
Scientific Research Journal (SCIRJ), Volume IV, Issue XI, November 2016 46 ISSN 2201-2796 Evaluation of Water Drilling Problems in a Transition Aquifer, a Case Study of Ogwashi Asaba Formation And Benin
More informationPetroleum Prospectivity in the Namibe and Southern Benguela Basins, Offshore Angola
Petroleum Prospectivity in the Namibe and Southern Benguela Basins, Offshore Angola C. Koch* (PGS), F. Pepe (PGS), R. Vasconcelos (PGS), F. Mathew (PGS), R. Borsato (PGS) & M.P.C. de Sá (Sonangol) SUMMARY
More informationDrilling Challenges Related to Geopressure Compartmentalization Selim S. Shaker, Geopressure Analysis Services (G.A.S.)
AADE-05-NTCE-11 Drilling Challenges Related to Geopressure Compartmentalization Selim S. Shaker, Geopressure Analysis Services (G.A.S.) This paper was prepared for presentation at the AADE 2005 National
More informationEGAS. Ministry of Petroleum
EGAS Ministry of Petroleum EGAS Ministry of Petroleum About The Block Location: N. Thekah offshore block is located at about 56 km to the north of the Mediterranean shore line, 85 km to the north west
More informationControls on clastic systems in the Angoche basin, Mozambique: tectonics, contourites and petroleum systems
P2-2-13 Controls on clastic systems in the Angoche basin, Mozambique: tectonics, contourites and petroleum systems Eva Hollebeek, Olivia Osicki, Duplo Kornpihl Schlumberger, London, UK Introduction Offshore
More informationSequence Stratigraphic Analysis from Well Logs of an X- Field, Niger Delta, Nigeria
Current Research in Geosciences Original Research Paper Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis from Well Logs of an X- Field, Niger Delta, Nigeria Godwin Omokenu Emujakporue and Alphonsus Joseph Eyo Department
More informationAnisotropic Avo Analysis for Reservoir Characterization in Derby Field Southeastern Niger Delta
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) e-issn: 2278-4861.Volume 9, Issue 1 Ver. I (Jan. Feb. 2017), PP 67-73 www.iosrjournals.org Anisotropic Avo Analysis for Reservoir Characterization in Derby Field
More informationSEISMIC ATTRIBUTES AND PETROPHSICAL PROPERTIES OF IBA FIELD, NIGER DELTA, NIGERIA
SEISMIC ATTRIBUTES AND PETROPHSICAL PROPERTIES OF IBA FIELD, NIGER DELTA, NIGERIA Itiowe K 1, Adiela U.P 2 and Emudianughe J 3 1 Department of Geology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
More informationOverpressureEstimation Using Combined Wireline data and Seismically-Generated Acoustic Impedance with Tectonic Evidences in aniger Delta field.
IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics (IOSR-JAGG) e-issn: 2321 0990, p-issn: 2321 0982.Volume 4, Issue 6 Ver. I (Nov. - Dec. 2016), PP 18-26 www.iosrjournals.org OverpressureEstimation Using Combined
More informationDepositional History and Petroleum Potential of Ombilin Basin, West Sumatra - Indonesia, Based on Surface Geological Data*
Depositional History and Petroleum Potential of Ombilin Basin, West Sumatra - Indonesia, Based on Surface Geological Data* Yahdi Zaim 1, Litto Habrianta 2, Chalid I. Abdullah 1, Aswan 1, Yan Rizal 1, Nurcahyo
More information