PART 3: FORMATION OF EARTH AND THE UNIVERSE
|
|
- Elizabeth Dixon
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 PART 3: FORMATION OF EARTH AND THE UNIVERSE 1. Origin of the Universe: there are many theories on the origin of the universe. Paradigm: a widely accepted idea in science. A paradigm shift is a sudden change in the popular opinion (ex. The paradigm of the world being flat shifted to the paradigm that the world is a sphere). Catastrophism/Creationism: catastrophism is the belief that every part of Earth was created in a massive catastrophic event (ex. The Grand Canyon being created in a single flood). This directly relates to creationism, which is the belief that a high power (ex. God) directed these catastrophes and created all life on Earth. These beliefs allow for Earth s timeline to be about 6000 years old, which corresponds with the Christian Bible. Uniformitarianism: the belief that any process that occurs on Earth today has always occurred, and that these occurrences are what created the universe and everything in it (ex. Erosion happens today, therefore it has always happened, therefore we can state that the Grand Canyon was formed over a very long period of time from erosion). This belief allows for Earth s timeline to be about 4.6 billion years old. o The Big Bang Theory: the theory that the universe originated sometime between 10 billion and 20 billion years ago from the cataclysmic explosion of a small volume of matter at extremely high density and temperature. o (Solar) Nebula Hypothesis: theory of the formation of the planets that states that a rotating nebula contracted and was then torn into fragments by centrifugal forces, with planets condensing from the fragments. The steps of the Solar Nebula Hypothesis are: 1. A nebula (huge mass of dust and gas) forms about 5 billion years ago. Page 1 of 7
2 2. It begins to contract and spin under its own gravity. 3. Material begins to concentrate, packing into an extremely small volume. 4. The concentration bursts, creating the sun and pushing the remaining dust into the new galaxy. 5. The remaining dust begins to collide and accrete, forming planets, moons and other solid bodies. 6. Remaining dust is pulled to these bodies by their gravities. 7. Individual planets and moons begin to reform themselves into their current state. o Segregation/Differentiation: the separation of elements on a planet based on density. It is believed that, as the core of a planet heats up, that this occurs in all planets, allowing heavier elements to sink to the core with gravity, and lighter elements to remain at the surface. This creates layers within planets. There are three hypothesized sources of heat for new planets: i. Radioactive (Nuclear) Decay: the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting ionizing particles or radiation. The emission is spontaneous in that the nucleus decays without collision with another particle. This process releases heat energy. ii. Meteorites: the impact of large meteorites would create heat through friction. iii. Gravitational Contraction: the force of gravity releases heat. 2. Spheres of Earth: Earth itself contains four main spheres of existence. Atmosphere: everything that makes up the air, weather, etc. Geosphere/Lithosphere: everything that makes up solid Earth and liquid rock. Hydrosphere: all water on Earth. Biosphere: all living things on Earth. o Photosynthesis: a process by which green plants and other organisms turn carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and oxygen, using light energy trapped by chlorophyll. o Ecological Succession: the series of changes that create plant and animal communities (ecosystems). For example, a rocky area Page 2 of 7
3 with no life may first be colonized with bacteria. Next mosses, then rodents etc. Until a full ecosystem is developed. 3. Formation of the Earth: with studies of uniformitarianism, we can understand the theory on how the Earth was formed. Formation of the Geosphere o Earth Layers: the following are the current layers of the Earth, as were established by segregation. - Inner Core: The inner core of the Earth, its innermost hottest part as detected by seismological studies, is a primarily solid sphere about in radius, only about 70% that of the Moon. It is believed to consist of an iron-nickel alloy, and may have a temperature similar to the Sun's surface. (From 5150 km deep to 6380 km deep) - Outer Core: The outer core of the Earth is a liquid layer about 2,260 kilometers thick composed of iron and nickel which lies above the Earth's solid inner core and below its mantle. (From 2900 km deep to 5150 km deep) - Mantle/Athenosphere: region of the earth's interior between the crust and the core, believed to consist of hot, dense silicate rocks. i. Lower Mantel: the deeper portion of the mantle. (From 250 km deep to 2900 km deep) ii. Upper Mantle: the higher portion of the mantle. (From 100 km deep to 250 km deep) Mohorovicic Discontinuity (Moho): the boundary between the Earth's crust and the underlying mantle. - Lithosphere: the solid part of the earth consisting of the crust and outer mantle. (From the surface to about 100 km deep) i. Crust: the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet or moon, which is chemically distinct from the underlying mantle. Page 3 of 7
4 o Precambrian Shields: a large area of exposed Precambrian crystalline igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks that form tectonically stable areas. Similar to tectonic plates, except that they don t move around. - Canadian Shield: the Precambrian shield that is under most of Canada, part of the United states, and part of Greenland. o Continent: large connected mass of land that makes up all dry land on Earth, usually separated by massive bodies of water, like oceans. - Modern Day Continents: today, there are seven continents. 1. Asia 2. Antarctica 3. South America 4. North America 5. Europe 6. Oceania 7. Africa - Super-continents: over billions of years, continents have shifted, creating the following super-continents (meaning massive continents). These continents may have contained two or more of the modern day continents, the most important one begin Pangea because it contained every single modern day continent. 1. Pangea 2. Gondwana 3. Laurasia Page 4 of 7
5 Formation of the Atmosphere o The Precambrian Atmosphere: our early atmosphere first consisted of hydrogen and helium which, because of their very small masses, easily escaped into space if they did not combine with another element. A little later in the Precambrian, it s believed that methane and ammonia formed as a result of volcanic outgassing. - Volcanic Activity/Outgassing: aside from lava, volcanoes release water vapor, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and nitrogen into the air. It is believed that volcanoes were the original source of these atmospheric substances and that some, but not all, of it reacted to form methane and ammonia. o Oxygen Production: oxygen appeared in the atmosphere much later in the Precambrian eon. It s believed that tiny organisms that did not need oxygen to survive, but who produced oxygen as a by-product were the cause of the sudden formation of oxygen. - Cyanobacteria: tiny bacteria that live off of chlorophyll. They use various gases to survive and produce oxygen as a by-product. These bacteria still live today in extreme environments. i. Stromatolites: a large mound of Cyanobacteria. - Evidence: there is a lot of evidence supporting this theory of the origin of oxygen on Earth. i. Fossils: tiny fossils of Cyanobacteria that dates back to the Precambrian Eon have been found. ii. Banded Iron Formations: rocks that contain small amounts of rust. Because iron reacts with free oxygen to form rust, we can assume that there was some free oxygen in the water at this time. iii. Red Beds: rocks from about 1.8 million years ago to the present that contain rusted iron deposits. This is strong evidence of free oxygen in the air from that time period. Formation of the Hydrosphere o Water Vapor: volcanoes release water vapor as they explode. o Extraterrestrial Origin: some extraterrestrial bodies, such as comets, are made of or contain some ice, which can melt to water if it strikes the Earth. Formation of the Biosphere o Origin of Life on Earth: in order for life to have originated on Earth, the basic building blocks of organisms must have been created under certain circumstances. The building blocks needed are: Proteins, Nucleic Acids (RNA & DNA), Carbohydrates, and Lipids (Fats) (for this course, we only need to know the following about Proteins and Nucleic Acids). Page 5 of 7
6 - Original Protein Formation: it has been proven that, under the conditions of the Precambrian Atmosphere, the first proteins could be formed. Because proteins are the building blocks of living things, this could have been the origin of the first living species. i. The Urey-Miller Model: Urey and Miller were the scientists who finally proved that theory. They filled an atmospheric chamber with carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapor, methane, and ammonia and exposed it to sparks (mimicking lightening). Sure enough, amino acids (tiny pieces of proteins) were formed. - Role of Nucleic Acids: nucleic acids are like instructions for proteins on how to build a living thing. i. RNA: single stranded nucleic acid that carries instructions from DNA to proteins. ii. DNA: double stranded nucleic acid that holds the instructions for the RNA to take. iii. Their Role: It s believed that RNA existed in Precambrian Earth, and DNA developed later. Extremely simple organisms contain RNA only, so the first life on Earth may have been RNA based. Page 6 of 7
7 o Continued Development of Life: after DNA, RNA and proteins were formed, they could come together with other macromolecules to form the first life on Earth. - Prokaryote: a one-celled simple organism - Eukaryote: a well structured organisms, usually multicellular. Eukaryotes subdivide into plants and animals. - Varangian Glaciation: an ice age, one of the biggest in history, that wiped about most of Earth s species at the time. - Ediacara Fauna: some of the most well-preserved soft-bodied fossils of organisms of all time, found in Australia and dating back to the Late Proterozoic Era. Page 7 of 7
Chapter 11. The Archean Era of Precambrian Time
Chapter 11 The Archean Era of Precambrian Time 1 Guiding Questions When and how did Earth and its moon come into being? How did the core, mantle, crust form? Where did Archean rocks form, and what is their
More informationThe History of the Earth
The History of the Earth We have talked about how the universe and sun formed, but what about the planets and moons? Review: Origin of the Universe The universe began about 13.7 billion years ago The Big
More informationThe History of the Earth
The History of the Earth Origin of the Universe The universe began about 13.9 billion years ago According to Big Bang theory almost all matter was in the form of energy E = MC 2 E = energy, M = mass and
More informationTerrestrial Planets: The Earth as a Planet
Terrestrial Planets: The Earth as a Planet In today s class, we want to look at those characteristics of the Earth that are also important in our understanding of the other terrestrial planets. This is
More informationEarth systems Unit 1 ( approx. 11 classes)
Earth systems 3209 Unit 1 ( approx. 11 classes) describe at least two aspects of Earth science that make it different from other sciences define Earth science (Geoscience) identify the major branches of
More informationChapter Introduction. Chapter Wrap-Up. Explosion
Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Chapter Wrap-Up Geologic Time Ancient Earth The Cambrian Explosion How have natural events changed Earth over time? What do you think? Before you begin,
More informationWhat is Earth Science? Earth science is the branch of science dealing with the constitution of the earth and its atmosphere.
What is Earth Science? Earth science is the branch of science dealing with the constitution of the earth and its atmosphere. 1 2 The Branches of Earth Science Major Astronomy (celestial objects, space,
More informationEvolution of the Atmosphere: The Biological Connection
Evolution of the Atmosphere: The Biological Connection The Earth s Four Spheres How It All Began Or At Least How We Think It Began O.k. it s a good guess Egg of energy The Big Bang splattered radiation
More informationEARTH TAKES SHAPE 1. Define all vocabulary words. Crust: The thin and solid outermost layer of the Earth above the mantle. Mantle: The layer of rock
EARTH TAKES SHAPE 1. Define all vocabulary words. Crust: The thin and solid outermost layer of the Earth above the mantle. Mantle: The layer of rock between the Earth s crust and core Core: The central
More informationFormation of the Earth and Solar System
Formation of the Earth and Solar System a. Supernova and formation of primordial dust cloud. NEBULAR HYPOTHESIS b. Condensation of primordial dust. Forms disk-shaped nubular cloud rotating counterclockwise.
More information1. The geosphere consists of three major layers: the,, and.
1. The geosphere consists of three major layers: the,, and. rust, mantle, core crust, core, mantle mantle, crust, core mantle, core, crust core, crust, mantle core, mantle, crust 2. The is the zone inhabited
More informationTOPIC 1: RELATIVE DATING ESSENTIAL QUESTION: HOW DO WE DETERMINE A ROCK S AGE BY THE SURROUNDING ROCKS?
TOPIC 1: RELATIVE DATING ESSENTIAL QUESTION: HOW DO WE DETERMINE A ROCK S AGE BY THE SURROUNDING ROCKS? TOPIC 1: RELATIVE DATING UNIFORMITARIANISM: THE IDEA THAT THE SAME FORCES HAVE BEEN AND CONTINUE
More informationLesson 3.1 Matter and the Environment. Water s abundance is a primary reason there is life on Earth.
Lesson 3.1 Matter and the Environment Water s abundance is a primary reason there is life on Earth. Lesson 3.1 Matter and the Environment Atoms and Elements Atoms are the basic unit of matter. Nucleus:
More informationActivity 1-2: Origin of the Earth
Earth Science 11 Name: Block: Activity 1-2: Origin of the Earth Read the following passage, and then answer the questions at the end: Where Earth Science Begins: The Solar System Where shall the study
More informationWhy does the Earth have volcanoes? Why is there Earthquakes?
Why does the Earth have volcanoes? Why is there Earthquakes? Turn to your neighbor and review: How and when did the Earth form? How old are the first traces of life on Earth? Logical? * 1.5Ga (1 st multicellular
More informationComparative Planetology II: The Origin of Our Solar System. Chapter Eight
Comparative Planetology II: The Origin of Our Solar System Chapter Eight ASTR 111 003 Fall 2007 Lecture 07 Oct. 15, 2007 Introduction To Modern Astronomy I: Solar System Introducing Astronomy (chap. 1-6)
More informationThe Earth in the Universe
The Earth in the Universe (OCR) Evidence for the age of the Earth Scientists once thought that the Earth was only 6000 years old. Rocks have provided lots of evidence for the world being older. 1) Erosion
More informationRequirements for Life. What is Life? Definition of Life. One of the biggest questions in astronomy is whether life exists elsewhere in the universe
Requirements for Life One of the biggest questions in astronomy is whether life exists elsewhere in the universe Before we discuss the possibility of life elsewhere, we must have a better understanding
More informationComparative Planetology II: The Origin of Our Solar System. Chapter Eight
Comparative Planetology II: The Origin of Our Solar System Chapter Eight ASTR 111 003 Fall 2007 Lecture 06 Oct. 09, 2007 Introduction To Modern Astronomy I: Solar System Introducing Astronomy (chap. 1-6)
More informationPlate Tectonics. Chapter 8
Plate Tectonics Chapter 8 Vocabulary Crust Mantle Core Lithosphere Continental Drift Plate Tectonics Plate Boundary Fault What Are The Earth s Layers Made Of? Atmosphere: Contains nitrogen, oxygen, carbon
More informationUGRC 144 Science and Technology in Our Lives/Geohazards
UGRC 144 Science and Technology in Our Lives/Geohazards Session 2 THE EARTH Lecturer: Dr. Patrick Asamoah Sakyi Department of Earth Science, UG Contact Information: pasakyi@ug.edu.gh College of Education
More informationUNIT 4: History Of Biological Diversity
UNIT 4: History Of Biological Diversity CHAPTER 14: The History of Life PAST NOW FUTURE? What is this? Earth s Early history Approximately 4.6 billion years ago, the Earth was formed when many pieces of
More informationPTYS 214 Spring Announcements. Next midterm 3/1!
PTYS 214 Spring 2018 Announcements Next midterm 3/1! 1 Previously Solar flux decreases as radiation spreads out away from the Sun Planets are exposed to some small amount of the total solar radiation A
More informationPhys 214. Planets and Life
Phys 214. Planets and Life Dr. Cristina Buzea Department of Physics Room 259 E-mail: cristi@physics.queensu.ca (Please use PHYS214 in e-mail subject) Lecture 10. Geology and life. Part 1 (Page 99-123)
More information2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 1
1 An Introduction to Geology Earth, 10e - Chapter 1 Stan Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College 3 The Science of Geology Geology is the science that pursues an understanding of planet Earth. Physical geology
More informationFollows the scientific method (O,Q,H,E,C,R)
Science: study of man s surroundings, searches for reasons things happen Follows the scientific method (O,Q,H,E,C,R) Theology: study of religion based on Gods, faith, and searching for man s purpose on
More information2011 Pearson Education, Inc. 1
1 Earth: An Introduction to Physical Geology, 10e Tarbuck & Lutgens An Introduction to Geology Earth, 10e - Chapter 1 Stan Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College 4 The Science of Geology Geology is the
More informationEarth as Planet. Earth s s Magnetic Field. The Earth s s Crust. Earth s s Interior
Earth as Planet Earth s s Interior The Earth is a medium size planet with a diameter of 12,756 kilometers (7926 miles) Composed primarily of iron, silicon, and oxygen Nearly circular orbit and just the
More informationD) outer core B) 1300 C A) rigid mantle A) 2000 C B) density, temperature, and pressure increase D) stiffer mantle C) outer core
1. In which area of Earth's interior is the pressure most likely to be 2.5 million atmospheres? A) asthenosphere B) stiffer mantle C) inner core D) outer core Base your answers to questions 2 and 3 on
More informationEarth s History. The principle of states that geologic processes that happened in the past can be explained by current geologic processes.
Earth s History Date: Been There, Done That What is the principle of uniformitarianism? The principle of states that geologic processes that happened in the past can be explained by current geologic processes.
More informationEarth s Early History. Lesson Overview. Lesson Overview Earth s Early History
Lesson Overview 19.3 THINK ABOUT IT How did life on Earth begin? What were the earliest forms of life? How did life and the biosphere interact? Origin-of-life research is a dynamic field. But even though
More informationOrigin of solar system. Origin of solar system. Geology of the Hawaiian Islands. Any Questions? Class 2 15 January 2004
Geology of the Hawaiian Islands Class 2 15 January 2004 Any Questions? Origin of solar system Pick a theory, any theory, but it must be consistent with these facts: Planets all revolve around the Sun in
More informationAny Questions? 99.9 % of mass is in the Sun; 99 % of angular momentum is in the planets. Planets in two groups:
Geology of the Hawaiian Islands Class 2 15 January 2004 Any Questions? Origin of solar system Pick a theory, any theory, but it must be consistent with these facts: Planets all revolve around the Sun in
More informationSAMPLE QUESTIONS FOR GEOLOGY 103, TEST 2
SAMPLE QUESTIONS FOR GEOLOGY 103, TEST 2 The correct answers are listed at the bottom (no peeking!). These questions are to give you an idea of the type of questions that will be asked. They are not a
More informationNebular Hypothesis (Kant, Laplace 1796) - Earth and the other bodies of our solar system (Sun, moons, etc.) formed from a vast cloud of dust and
Plate Tectonics Origin of Universe Big Bang model (Hubble, 1929) - The universe began with an explosive e expansion of matter, which later became what we know as stars, planets, moons, etc. This event
More informationEARTH S ENERGY SOURCES
EARTH S ENERGY SOURCES The geological processes that shape the Earth s surface are powered by two major sources of energy; geothermal heat from the Earth s interior and external energy from the sun. The
More informationEARTH S HISTORY. What is Geology? logy: science. Geology is the scientific study of the Earth, including its:
EARTH S HISTORY 1 What is Geology? Geo: earth logy: science Geology is the scientific study of the Earth, including its: composition, structure, and physical properties. 2 1 Geologists study: the origin
More information9.1- Earth Forms and Life Begins
9.1- Earth Forms and Life Begins About Earth: Earth was formed about 4.6 billion years ago! The first life on earth appeared about 4 billion years ago Life started out as small, single-celled organisms
More informationEarth Science Review Ch 1 & 2. Chapter 1 - Introduction to Earth Science
Earth Science Review Ch 1 & 2 Chapter 1 - Introduction to Earth Science Lesson I - What is Earth Science Topic 1- Branches of Earth Science Earth Science - the study of Earth, its oceans, atmosphere, and
More informationToday. Events. Terrestrial Planet Geology. Fall break next week - no class Tuesday
Today Terrestrial Planet Geology Events Fall break next week - no class Tuesday When did the planets form? We cannot find the age of a planet, but we can find the ages of the rocks that make it up. We
More informationRadioactive Dating. U238>Pb206. Halflife: Oldest earth rocks. Meteors and Moon rocks. 4.5 billion years billion years
U238>Pb206 Halflife: 4.5 billion years Oldest earth rocks 3.96 billion years Meteors and Moon rocks 4.6 billion years This is the time they solidified The solar system is older than this. Radioactive Dating
More informationChapter 8 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Formation of the Solar System
Chapter 8 Lecture The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition Formation of the Solar System Formation of the Solar System 8.1 The Search for Origins Our goals for learning: Develop a theory of solar system
More informationShape and Size of the Earth
Planet Earth Shape and Size of the Earth Gravity is what gives Earth its spherical shape Only effective if the body is of a critical size Critical radius is about 350 km Shape and Size of the Earth Earth
More informationChapter 14 The History of Life
Section 1: Fossil Evidence of Change Section 2: The Origin of Life Click on a lesson name to select. 14.1 Fossil Evidence of Change Land Environments Earth formed about 4.6 billion years ago. Gravity pulled
More informationEarth s Evolution Through Time
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Earth s Evolution Through Time Earth 9 th edition Chapter 22 Earth s evolution: summary in haiku form Super-continents have come and gone many times: giant bumper cars.
More informationEarth s Formation: 4.6 Billion Years ago
Earth s Formation: 4.6 Billion Years ago Formed from interstellar gas & dust into molten planet Earth s early atmosphere was hostile, made of carbon monoxide, methane, ammonia, nitrogen, nitrogen, sulfur,
More informationEVOLUTION OF PLANTS THROUGH AGES
EVOLUTION OF PLANTS THROUGH AGES B. Sc. III Botany Dr. (Miss) Kalpana R. Datar Assistant Professor DEPARTMENTOF BOTANY WILLINGDON COLLEGE, SANGLI. kalpana_datar@yahoo.com The origin of Earth 1.Ultra dense,
More informationAsteroids and comets.
Asteroids and comets. Question 1 Can Asteroids and comets cause the earth to change? Asteroids do change the earth because when the earth was first starting out Asteroids and comets would come to the earth
More informationUse models to describe the sun s place in space in relation to the Milky Way Galaxy and the distribution of galaxy clusters in the universe.
The Milky Way Galaxy consists of more than two hundred billion stars, the sun being one of them, and is one of hundreds of billions of galaxies in the known universe. s of the formation and structure of
More informationPlanet Earth. Our Home APOD
Planet Earth Our Home APOD 1 Earth a highly evolved planet = altered dramatically since formation, due to flow of energy from interior to surface 2 Planet Earth Facts diameter (equator) 12,756 km radius
More informationComparative Planetology I: Our Solar System
Comparative Planetology I: Our Solar System Guiding Questions 1. Are all the other planets similar to Earth, or are they very different? 2. Do other planets have moons like Earth s Moon? 3. How do astronomers
More informationEarth. Interior Crust Hydrosphere Atmosphere Magnetosphere Tides
Earth Interior Crust Hydrosphere Atmosphere Magnetosphere Tides Semi-major Axis 1 A.U. Inclination 0 Orbital period 1.000 tropical year Orbital eccentricity 0.017 Rotational period 23 h 56 min 4.1 s Tilt
More informationExploring The Planets: Earth
Exploring The Planets: Earth By Encyclopaedia Britannica, adapted by Newsela staff on 08.24.17 Word Count 632 Level MAX An image of Earth, created by the Suomi NFP Satellite. This photo is created from
More informationLesson Plan: Plate Tectonics
Lesson Plan: Plate Tectonics Lesson Plan: Plate Tectonics Lesson Plan Content: This lesson plan and slide presentation is to be used in conjunction with: 1 x plate tectonics teacher briefing 1 x plate
More informationNebular Hypothesis and Origin of Earth s Water
Nebular Hypothesis and Origin of Earth s Water What is the shape of our solar system? A. Spherical: the Sun is in the center, the planets orbit in spherical shells. B. Disc shaped: fat in the center, tapering
More informationCHAPTER. 3 Earth s Environmental Systems
CHAPTER 3 Earth s Environmental Systems The Gulf of Mexico s Dead Zone Nutrient-rich runoff causes plankton blooms and hypoxia low oxygen levels in the Gulf of Mexico. Hypoxia kills or displaces marine
More informationCalculating extra credit from clicker points. Total points through last week: Participation: 6 x 2 = 12 Performance: = 26
Clicker Questions, Test 2 February 10, 2016, Outline 7 1. Darwin coined the term Natural Selection to contrast with what other term? A. Evolutionary Selection B. Competition C. Artificial Selection D.
More information4) Outline the major developments that allowed life to exist on Earth.
Objectives 4) Outline the major developments that allowed life to exist on Earth. 5) Describe the types of organisms that arose during the four major divisions of the geologic time scale. Each layer of
More informationNebular Hypothesis and Origin of Earth s Water
Nebular Hypothesis and Origin of Earth s Water What is the shape of our solar system? A. Spherical: the Sun is in the center, the planets orbit in spherical shells. B. Disc shaped: fat in the center, tapering
More information6th Grade PSI. Earth's Materials and Systems. Earth's Layers. Slide 3 / 75. Slide 4 / 75. Slide 5 / 75. Slide 6 / 75
Slide 1 / 75 Slide 2 / 75 6th Grade PSI Earth's Materials and Systems Part I : The History of Planet Earth www.njctl.org Slide 3 / 75 Slide 4 / 75 Table of ontents: The History of Planet Earth lick on
More information3. Evolutionary change is random because gene mutations are random. A. True B. False
Clicker Questions, Test 2 February 9, 2015, Outline 7 1. Darwin coined the term Natural Selection to contrast with what other term? A. Evolutionary Selection B. Competition C. Artificial Selection D. Survival
More informationDistance of Mercury to the Sun or the Orbital Radius
Distance of Mercury to the Sun or the Orbital Radius The minimum distance from the Sun to Mercury is about 45866304 kilometers and the maximum distance is about 70006464 kilometers. Space Station One Day
More informationEarth Science 104. Earth s Place in the Cosmos, Structure History of Astronomy
Earth Science 104 Earth s Place in the Cosmos, Structure History of Astronomy No lab this week Must pass lab to pass this class Instructors will give percent lab grade to one another Introduction Get Lab
More information05/22/15. Tectonic plate (Noun) Plate tectonics (Noun) Oceanic crust/plate (Noun) Continental crust/plate (Noun) Continental drift (Noun)
Tectonic plate (Noun) The pieces of the Earth s crust that float on the mantle, causing continental drift and earthquakes and creating volcanoes, trenches, and mountains. The Earth s crust is divided into
More informationTEST NAME:Geology part 1 TEST ID: GRADE:06 - Sixth Grade SUBJECT:Life and Physical Sciences TEST CATEGORY: My Classroom
TEST NAME:Geology part 1 TEST ID:1542715 GRADE:06 - Sixth Grade SUBJECT:Life and Physical Sciences TEST CATEGORY: My Classroom Geology part 1 Page 1 of 6 Student: Class: Date: 1. The picture below shows
More informationOur Planet Earth. Earth Systems
Our Planet Earth Earth Systems What do you think? Read the three statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if you agree with the statement or
More informationPlate Tectonics CHAPTER 17
Plate Tectonics CHAPTER 17 Layers of the Earth A. Crust- solid, 5-70 km thick Moho Two Types of Crust: Oceanic- ocean floor, more dense then because of more iron Continental-dry land (mostly silicates
More informationhttp://eps.mcgill.ca/~courses/c220/ Nucleosynthesis neutron electron + proton = é + H + t 1/2 = 12 minutes H + + neutron Deuterium (D) 2 H + + neutrons Helium (He) 3 H + + neutrons Lithium (Li) From: W.S.
More informationRelative Dating. How do we determine a rocks age by the surrounding rocks?
Relative Dating How do we determine a rocks age by the surrounding rocks? 1 Geologic History 2 Relative Dating Uniformitarianism - the idea that forces working on our planet today worked on our planet
More informationChapter 1: Introduction to Earth Science
Chapter 1: Introduction to Earth Science 1.1 What is Earth Science Earth science is the name for the group of sciences that deals with Earth and its neighbors in space. Includes: Geology Oceanography Meteorology
More informationThe History of the Solar System. From cloud to Sun, planets, and smaller bodies
The History of the Solar System From cloud to Sun, planets, and smaller bodies The Birth of a Star Twenty years ago, we knew of only one star with planets the Sun and our understanding of the birth of
More informationEARTH AND UNIVERSE. Earth
EARTH AND UNIVERSE Earth Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only object in the Universe known to harbor life. According to radiometric dating and other sources of evidence, Earth formed over
More informationBiology. Slide 1 of 36. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Biology 1 of 36 2 of 36 Formation of Earth Formation of Earth Hypotheses about Earth s early history are based on a relatively small amount of evidence. Gaps and uncertainties make it likely that scientific
More information3. Titan is a moon that orbits A) Jupiter B) Mars C) Saturn D) Neptune E) Uranus
Fall 2013 Astronomy - Test 2 Test form A Name Do not forget to write your name and fill in the bubbles with your student number, and fill in test form A on the answer sheet. Write your name above as well.
More informationIntroduction to Earth Science
Introduction to Earth Science Overview of Earth Science Encompasses all sciences that seek to understand Earth Earth's neighbors in space Overview of Earth Science Earth science includes 1. geology, the
More informationGEOS 2900 Sample Instructor Notes
3.3.1 THE HISTORY OF THE EARTH GEOS 2900 Sample Instructor Notes Things to do before class begins: 1. Place the following daily agenda on the board: a. Announcements b. Go over Activity 3.2.2 (Absolute
More informationInner Planets (Part II)
Inner Planets (Part II) Sept. 18, 2002 1) Atmospheres 2) Greenhouse Effect 3) Mercury 4) Venus 5) Mars 6) Moon Announcements Due to technical difficulties, Monday s quiz doesn t count An extra credit problem
More informationThe Earth s Structure
Planet Earth The Earth s Structure Crust the outermost and thinnest layer of Earth Mantle the layer of rock between the Earth s crust and its core - rocks are plastic soft and easily deformed The Earth
More informationGEOLOGY FOR MINING ENGINEERS. Prof.Dr.Kadir DİRİK Lecture Notes 2015
GEOLOGY FOR MINING ENGINEERS Prof.Dr.Kadir DİRİK Lecture Notes 2015 THE SCIENCE OF GEOLOGY GEOLOGY is the study of the Earth, including the materials that it is made of, the physical and chemical changes
More informationThe Solar System consists of
The Universe The Milky Way Galaxy, one of billions of other galaxies in the universe, contains about 400 billion stars and countless other objects. Why is it called the Milky Way? Welcome to your Solar
More informationLecture 20. Origin of the atmosphere (Chap. 10) The carbon cycle and long-term climate (Chap. 8 of the textbook: p )
Lecture 20 Origin of the atmosphere (Chap. 10) The carbon cycle and long-term climate (Chap. 8 of the textbook: p.158-170) end of last ice-age; begin civilization beginning of modern era of ice-ages asteroid
More information12.2 Plate Tectonics
12.2 Plate Tectonics LAYERS OF THE EARTH Earth is over 1200 km thick and has four distinct layers. These layers are the crust, mantle (upper and lower), outer core, and inner core. Crust outer solid rock
More informationPhysical Geography A Living Planet
Physical Geography A Living Planet The geography and structure of the earth are continually being changed by internal forces, like plate tectonics, and external forces, like the weather. Iguaçu Falls at
More informationQuestion 1 (1 point) Question 2 (1 point) Question 3 (1 point)
Question 1 (1 point) If the Earth accreted relatively slowly, the heat obtained from the gravitational potential energy would have had time to escape during its accretion. We know that the Earth was already
More informationResources. Classroom Conduct. Geology 1002 (Section 1) Honors Physical Geology Howe-Russell E131 TTh 9:00-10:30
Geology 1002 (Section 1) Honors Physical Geology Howe-Russell E131 TTh 9:00-10:30 Instructor: Jeffrey A. Nunn Office:Room E235 Howe-Russell Telephone:578-3353 e-mail: gljeff@lsu.edu Office hours: 4:00
More informationToday. Solar System Formation. a few more bits and pieces. Homework due
Today Solar System Formation a few more bits and pieces Homework due Pluto Charon 3000 km Asteroids small irregular rocky bodies Comets icy bodies Formation of the Solar System How did these things come
More informationMeteorites. A Variety of Meteorite Types. Ages and Compositions of Meteorites. Meteorite Classification
Meteorites A meteor that survives its fall through the atmosphere is called a meteorite Hundreds fall on the Earth every year Meteorites do not come from comets First documented case in modern times was
More informationOrigin of the Solar System
Origin of the Solar System Look for General Properties Dynamical Regularities Orbits in plane, nearly circular Orbit sun in same direction (CCW from N.P.) Rotation Axes to orbit plane (Sun & most planets;
More informationTODAY S FOCUS LAYERS OF THE EARTH
TODAY S FOCUS LAYERS OF THE EARTH 8.6C investigate and describe applications of Newton s law of inertia, law of force and acceleration, and law of action-reaction such as in vehicle restraints, sports
More informationFirst, an supershort History of the Earth by Eon
HISTORY OF LIFE WRITTEN IN THE ROCKS (geological record): notice how at first no life, very simple if for billions of years, complex life only recently 600 mya In these chapters, two primary themes: History
More informationOutline 9: Origin of the Earth: solids, liquids, and gases. The Early Archean Earth
Outline 9: Origin of the Earth: solids, liquids, and gases The Early Archean Earth Origin of Earth s Matter The earth is made of recycled elements formed in stars that existed prior to our Sun. Supernova
More informationChapter 19 The Origin of the Solar System
Chapter 19 The Origin of the Solar System Early Hypotheses catastrophic hypotheses, e.g., passing star hypothesis: Star passing closely to the the sun tore material out of the sun, from which planets could
More informationOutline 9: Origin of the Earth: solids, liquids, and gases
Outline 9: Origin of the Earth: solids, liquids, and gases The Early Archean Earth Origin of Earth s Matter The earth is made of recycled elements formed in stars that existed prior to our Sun. Supernova
More informationTEACHER BACKGROUND INFORMATION
TEACHER BACKGROUND INFORMATION (The Universe) A. THE UNIVERSE: The universe encompasses all matter in existence. According to the Big Bang Theory, the universe was formed 10-20 billion years ago from a
More informationSlow and Steady By ReadWorks
By ReadWorks How did all the amazing things on our planet form? How did magnificent mountain ranges rise up in one place and beautiful beaches form elsewhere? Why do some places experience earthquakes
More informationSection 1: The Geosphere
Section 1: The Geosphere Preview Classroom Catalyst Objectives The Earth as a System Discovering Earth s Interior The Composition of the Earth The Structure of the Earth Plate Tectonics Section 1: The
More informationChapter 2 Geography. Getting to know Earth
Chapter 2 Geography Getting to know Earth Our Solar System Sun is at the center of our solar system Contains a lot of Mass» Mass gives the Sun gravitational pull» This keeps the planets in our solar system
More informationInside Planet Earth: Surface to Center
Inside Planet Earth: Surface to Center Section 1: Introduction 1. What percentage of the Earth cannot be accessed by humans? 99% 2. True or False: It would be easier to invent something to travel to the
More informationThe Earth. Overall Structure of Earth
The Earth Why Study The Earth??? It s our home! Where did life come from, where is it going. To understand the other planets. Study of other planets will, in turn, help us understand the Earth. Overall
More informationDeveloped in Consultation with Georgia Educators
Developed in Consultation with Georgia Educators Table of Contents Georgia Performance Standards Correlation Chart........... 7 Performance Standards Chapter 1 Earth and Space.............................
More information