Investigation on relationships between soil, plant and geomorphology units
|
|
- Jocelin Andrews
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ymposium no. 65 Paper no Presentation: poster Investigation on relationships between soil, plant and geomorphology units AZARNIVAND Hossein Iran Desert Research Center, and Natural Resources College of Tehran University, P.O. Box , Karaj, Iran Abstract oil is a function of factors such as relief, climate, parent material, vegetation and time. Geomorphology as a complex of items such as slope, height and aspect has a high relationship with vegetation. An area of about 82,605 hectars was chosen in southern slope of Albors Mountains in Damghan. To study the relationship between soil, vegetation cover and geomorphologic units based on geologic and topographic maps, with the aid of aerial photo-interpretation and geomorphologic units, ten soil types and twenty-six rangeland types plant were identified. Geomorphologic units show close relationship with soil and vegetation characteristics. Therfore, these units could successfully been used for the preparation of comprehensive land use plan. If different items are disturbed, the disturbance could be identified and recommendations be given for restoring the original state of the ecosystem. Keywords: geomorphology units, vegetation characteristics, soil types, ecosystem Introduction The total area of rangelands in Iran have been predicted million hectares including central regions with very poor and sparse vegetation cover; and northern and western parts with very good vegetation cover. Although these rangelands with forage production about 10 million tone/year are the major source of livestock nutration but in most areas because of different reasons such as overgrazing, shrub cutting and degradation cover, changing ranges to agricultural areas and so on, the trend of degradation has been accelerated. Then for preventing degradation of soil and vegetation cover, detailed investigations will be needed to know current conditions, capabilities as well as finding relevant and suitable ways to meet fundamental principles of range management. One thing must be considered that vegetation cover is a part range ecosystem that has close interactions with other elements such as climate, bedrock, geomorphology, topography, soil and organisms. Ahmadi (1995) believes that studying relations among distribution of plant communities, geomorphology and soil need broad understanding and investigation of ecological factors like relief, climate, soil, vegetation, geology and geomorphology. Generally, each geomorphological unit has formed in a special process and situation. Then, with considering to the type of bedrock, topography and climate in a given unit must be expected a distribution of special plant community unless some factors affect and change them that should be studied. Wilson (1986) suggests that in some cases, separated boundaries of soil units partly are equal to plant community. In other cases, they are not the same with each other. Therefore, it should be stated that soil and vegetation classifications have rarely
2 AZARNIVAND 17 th WC, August 2002, Thailand proportion 1:1. Meanwhile, researches showed that separated boundaries in lanscape maps have strong relationship with soil classification units. Threrefore, understanding and study of rangeland to prepare solving methods without considering to ecosystem element is not possible. Also, study of each element in ecosystem without attention to relationships among them wont be useful in management and planning. This study was carried out to investigate relations between various environmental parameters affecting on formation and establishment of vegetation cover. Materials and Methods The study area is about 82,605 ha and located in southern slopes of Alborz mountain between latitudes 54 º 34 ' and 55 º 55 '. Minimum and maximum elevation are 1,060 m and 2,690 m respectively and overall slope is southern. To study relations among geomorphic units, soil and vegetation, using lithology, morphology, topography and geology maps as well as aerial photos (all in scale 1:50,000), the geomorphology map of this area was prepared and after using elevation, slope and aspect maps. They all were compared with geomorphology map. For determining vegetation map, using aerial photos, topography and lithology maps (with scale 1:50,000), the primary classification of soil and vegetation types were prepared and after checking with field observations, the final vegetation map was determined. oil studies carried out according to topography, lithology, geomorphology, vegetation maps and aerial photos. Finally, information of geomorphology, soil and vegetation units were composed. Results Results show that in units (geomorphic facies), slope and elevation play major role in changing vegetation cover. According to this method, whole of study area was divided to three parts (Table 1) including: (1) Playa: It has a geomorphologic unit of Holocene, three types and four facies. oils are less developed, deep with heavy texture and have high salinity because of existing salt and gypsum minerals. Vegatation are mostly halophyte and agricultural areas and because of over utilization of ground water, it becomes gradually saline. (2) Piedmont: It has a geomorphologic unit of Pliostocene, three types and four facies. The piedment facies is the furthest part of this basin that has deep depositional soil with heavy texture and some gypsum minerals. It was occupied with Anabasis aphylla. Other facies of this region are bed of ephemeral s, bare pediment and regular slopes that have shallow and less developed calcareous regosol. In the case of existing gypsum, minerals, the area will be covered with mixed of Ephedra intermedia and Pteropyrum olivieri, otherwise Artemisia sieberi will be dominant species. (3) Mountains regions: This part includes six geomorphologic units with various types, facies and because of effects of elevation, slope and in some cases aspect, vegetation and soil have more diversity than other parts. Paleogene unit because of chemical characteristics of soil, human activities and overgrazing becomes saline and alkaline. Other units mostly have thin topsoil with calcareous regosol. In some parts, geomorphologic units are: Pliostocene, Neogene, Paleogene, Georasic, Permian, Devonian and Camberian. Also, the major vegetation types include: Juniperus-Acantholimon Amygdalus-Artemisia Amygdalus-Acanthophyllum Amygdalus-Juniperus
3 AZARNIVAND 17 th WC, August 2002, Thailand Table 1 Assesment of vegetation cover related to geomorphology and soil units of the study area. Vegetation type oil Lifhology Aspect slope Elevation Facies Formation Unit Era ection Current bed Tamarix Exteral elonckek Halocnemum-Halostachys Tamarix-Halocnemum edimentary alt Fine with high salt Fine with high salt Cultivation edimentary Fine Anabasis-Lycium edimentary Fine with gravel Pteropyrum olivieri Pteropyrum-Ephedra Artemesia- Pteropyrum Pteropyrum-Ephedra Calcereous with Gypsum, regosol or calcareous cut gypsum Pteropyrum-Artemesia Eurotia-Zygophyllum Calcareous cut gypsum Coarse s alluvial and culluvial Coarse s alluvial and culluvial -W 0-2 Ephemeral -W 0-2 1,060-1,080 Kavir humid area -W 0-2 1,080-1,200 Plain Fine particle wurm -W 0-2 1,070-1,200 Epandage Fine particle Riss -E -E ,200-1,700 Ephemeral Piedmont N 1,600-1,800 Regular hillslope Coarseparticle Riss Holocene Quaternary Playa Plioctoene Piedmont Quaternary Not vegetation Boulder and rock 1,600-1,700 Ephemeral Gunz
4 AZARNIVAND 17 th WC, August 2002, Thailand Table 1 (cont.). Vegetation type oil Lithology Aspect slope Elevation Facies formation Unit Era ection Halfway Pteropyrum-Convoivusus Calcareous Conglomerate N-NW Ephedra-pteroyrum Anabsis-Ephedra Acnthophyllum-Ephedra Artemisia-alsola Arid aline and Alkaline Tuff, shale Lava, Gypsum N -NW WE ,200-1,400 1,500-1,700 1,540-1,600 1,300-1,200 1,600-1,900 2,150-2,200 Regular slope Conglomer ate Pliopliostoc Water erosion Karaj Third Ephedra-Aremisia Arid andston E-NE 1,800-2,100 Piping Neogene- Paleogene Acantholimon-Astrsagalus Astragalus-Acanthophyllum Lithosole andstone, tuff, shale NW E 1,900-2,200 Regular hillslope Mountai n Amygdalus-Juniperus Amygdalus-Acanthophyllum Amygdalus-Juniperus Lithosole Basalt volcanic rocks Calcite N W-EW 20 2,000 1,700-2,100 1,840-2,240 Massive rock shemshac Gorasic ecound Larr Artemisia-Eurotia Acantholimon-Juniperus Juniperus-Acantholimon Lithosole Calcareos and andstone E EN-E NE-W >40 1,600-1,800 Rock facies Routah Permian First 1,700-2,400 2,000-2,696 Pteropyrum-Amygdalus Amygdalus-Artemisia Lithosole andstone Red sandstone Dolomite -W -w Ew 1,700-1,850 Rock facies Badehat Devonian 1,540-1,700 2,000-2,220 Amygdalus lycioides Artemisia-Amygdalus Amygdalus-Artmisia Lithosole Red sandstone andstone Dolomite Ew 1,700-1,850 1,540-1,700 2,000-2,320 Rock facies Milla Camberian Laloun
5 AZARNIVAND 17 th WC, August 2002, Thailand Discussion and Conclusion Conducted researches is the study area should close relationship among vegetation, soil, geomorphology, climate and organisms. For this fact, without considering to these factors, their effects and interactions on environments, it is not possible to suggest any fundamental solving methods in projects related natural resources. Generally, this region has been divided to three separate parts including playa, piedmont and mountain with special soil and vegetation characteristics. The major factor in this selection is elevation. Meanwhile, other topographic factors such as slope and aspect are not corresponded with soil and vegetation cover differences. Considering to the current relationships among geomorphology, soil units and vegetation cover in the case of no changes in natural conditions of the area, it is possible to use geomorphology units as a base of working unit in preparing detailed projects in natural resources. Also, with focusing on study of geomorphologic factors can reduce additional expenses and prevent iterative samplings with plots and digging many profiles and after finding problems and causes can propose suitable and real methods to manage and recovering ecosystem to its primary situations. References Ahmadi, H Applied Geomorphology, Vol. 1: Water Ersion, University of Tehran Press. Ahmadi, H Applied Geomorphology, Vol. 2: Wind Erosion, University of Tehran Press. Ahmadi, H Relationships among geomorphology, soil and vegetation cover in natural resources projects. Iranian Journal of Natural Resources 47(1). Feiznia,. and H. Ahmadi Quaternery Formations, University of Tehran Press. Ghiti, A., A. Ahmadi, N. Mashhadi and A. Reihi tudy and comparison of the coincidence of geomorphology facies boundry and land component with vegetation types boundry(case study: Mashhad Ardahal Basin, Kashan), Iranian Journal of Natural Resources 54(2): Wilson, J Controlling black greasewood with fire and tebuthiuron on depleted great basin wildrye sites in northwestern Nevada. (M.. Thesis) Univ. of Nev. Reno-U..A
Desertification Hazard Zonation by Means of ICD Method in Kouhdasht Watershed
DESERT DESERT Online at http://jdesert.ut.ac.ir DESERT 17 (13) 233240 Desertification Hazard Zonation by Means of ICD Method in Kouhdasht Watershed Gh. Chamanpira a*, Gh.R. Zehtabian b, H. Ahmadi c, M.
More informationLinking Arid Land Surface Characteristics to Soil Hydrologic and Ecosystem Functions in Mojave Desert Landscapes
2006-2011 Mission Kearney Foundation of Soil Science: Understanding and Managing Soil-Ecosystem Functions Across Spatial and Temporal Scales Progress Report: 2006022, 1/1/2007-12/31/2007 Linking Arid Land
More informationThe relationship between drainage density and soil erosion rate: a study of five watersheds in Ardebil Province, Iran
River Basin Management VIII 129 The relationship between drainage density and soil erosion rate: a study of five watersheds in Ardebil Province, Iran A. Moeini 1, N. K. Zarandi 1, E. Pazira 1 & Y. Badiollahi
More informationSediment and sedimentary rocks Sediment
Sediment and sedimentary rocks Sediment From sediments to sedimentary rocks (transportation, deposition, preservation and lithification) Types of sedimentary rocks (clastic, chemical and organic) Sedimentary
More informationSoil. Soil in Our Environment
Soil Soil in Our Environment What is soil? Or is it Dirt? Gold s father is dirt, yet it regards itself as noble. Yiddish Proverb Is it alive? Is it fragile? Formations of Soils How much time does it take
More informationmountain rivers fixed channel boundaries (bedrock banks and bed) high transport capacity low storage input output
mountain rivers fixed channel boundaries (bedrock banks and bed) high transport capacity low storage input output strong interaction between streams & hillslopes Sediment Budgets for Mountain Rivers Little
More informationLab 7: Sedimentary Structures
Name: Lab 7: Sedimentary Structures Sedimentary rocks account for a negligibly small fraction of Earth s mass, yet they are commonly encountered because the processes that form them are ubiquitous in the
More informationLaboratory Exercise #4 Geologic Surface Processes in Dry Lands
Page - 1 Laboratory Exercise #4 Geologic Surface Processes in Dry Lands Section A Overview of Lands with Dry Climates The definition of a dry climate is tied to an understanding of the hydrologic cycle
More informationResult of Field Geological Survey and Ground Truth for the Analysis Date: 2007/7/5 Location (UTM) Elev Geological Unit Point No. NT-02 VSW Index 260,7
Date: Point No. 2007/7/5 NT-01 Result of Field Geological Survey and Ground Truth for the Analysis Location (UTM) Topography of granite hill in flat land Lithology: Medium grained hornblende granite. Topography:
More informationSedimentary Rocks. Origin, Properties and Identification. Physical Geology GEOL 101 Lab Ray Rector - Instructor
Sedimentary Rocks Origin, Properties and Identification Physical Geology GEOL 101 Lab Ray Rector - Instructor Sedimentary Rock Origin and Identification Lab Pre-Lab Internet Link Resources 1) http://www.rockhounds.com/rockshop/rockkey/index.html
More informationSedimentology & Stratigraphy. Thanks to Rob Viens for slides
Sedimentology & Stratigraphy Thanks to Rob Viens for slides Sedimentology The study of the processes that erode, transport and deposit sediments Sedimentary Petrology The study of the characteristics and
More informationPrentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE
Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 7 Glaciers, Desert, and Wind 7.1 Glaciers Types of Glaciers A glacier is a thick ice mass that forms above the snowline over hundreds or thousands of
More informationSoils and Soil Minerals. Remember, most things can be too little or too much.
Soils and Soil Minerals Remember, most things can be too little or too much. 1 2 3 Source of essential elements CO 2, O 2 from atmosphere H 2 0, O 2, minerals from soil NH 4, SO 4 can volatilize and be
More informationChapter 6. Weathering, Erosion, and Soil
Chapter 6 Weathering, Erosion, and Soil Introduction Rocks and minerals disintegrate and decompose by the processes of physical and chemical weathering. This breakdown occurs because the parent material
More informationFundamentals of THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT. David Briggs, Peter Smithson, Kenneth Addison and Ken Atkinson
Fundamentals of THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT Second Edition David Briggs, Peter Smithson, Kenneth Addison and Ken Atkinson LONDON AND NEW YORK Contents L,ISI Of colour piates List of black and white plates
More informationCoso Red Hill and Coso Playa field trip, Prof. Alessandro Grippo, Ph.D.
HISTORICAL GEOLOGY fall 2016 Professor: Dr. Alessandro Grippo, Ph.D. FIELD TRIP REPORT: Friday, October 21, 2016: Coso Red Hill & Playa, Coso Junction CA YOUR NAME part 1: COSO RED HILL (you can sample
More informationSedimentary Rocks. Origin, Properties and Identification. Geology Laboratory GEOL 101 Lab Ray Rector - Instructor
Sedimentary Rocks Origin, Properties and Identification Geology Laboratory GEOL 101 Lab Ray Rector - Instructor Sedimentary Rock Origin and Identification Lab Pre-Lab Internet Link Resources 1) http://www.rockhounds.com/rockshop/rockkey/index.html
More informationEcoregions Glossary. 7.8B: Changes To Texas Land Earth and Space
Ecoregions Glossary Ecoregions The term ecoregions was developed by combining the terms ecology and region. Ecology is the study of the interrelationship of organisms and their environments. The term,
More informationSOILS RELATIVE TO GEOLOGY AND LANDFORMS IN WALNUT GULCH EXPERIMENTAL WATERSHED, ARIZONA, USA. W. R. Osterkamp, D. J. Breckenfeld, and J.J.
SOILS RELATIVE TO GEOLOGY AND LANDFORMS IN WALNUT GULCH EXPERIMENTAL WATERSHED, ARIZONA, USA W. R. Osterkamp, D. J. Breckenfeld, and J.J. Stone ABSTRACT Soils of the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed
More informationSedimentary Rocks. Origin, Properties and Identification. Physical Geology GEOL 100. Ray Rector - Instructor
Sedimentary Rocks Origin, Properties and Identification Physical Geology GEOL 100 Ray Rector - Instructor Sedimentary Rock Origin and Identification Lab Pre-Lab Internet Link Resources 1) http://www.rockhounds.com/rockshop/rockkey/index.html
More informationSOIL: DEFINITION, FORMATION! & LAYERS"
SOIL: DEFINITION, FORMATION & LAYERS" What Is Soil? soil - upper-most (relatively thin) layer of Earth s crust, which supports terrestrial plants, animals, & microorganisms basic natural resource that
More informationLandscape evolution. An Anthropic landscape is the landscape modified by humans for their activities and life
Landforms Landscape evolution A Natural landscape is the original landscape that exists before it is acted upon by human culture. An Anthropic landscape is the landscape modified by humans for their activities
More informationSoil Mechanics/Geotechnical Engineering I Prof. Dilip Kumar Baidya Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur
Soil Mechanics/Geotechnical Engineering I Prof. Dilip Kumar Baidya Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture - 01 Rock Cycle Good morning. I welcome you to this
More informationRocks. 3.1 The Rock Cycle. 3.1 The Rock Cycle. 3.1 The Rock Cycle. The Rock Cycle. I. Rocks
Rocks Tarbuck Lutgens 3.1 The Rock Cycle 3.1 The Rock Cycle I. Rocks Rocks are any solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter occurring naturally as part of our planet. Types of Rocks 1. Igneous rock
More informationSediment and Sedimentary rock
Sediment and Sedimentary rock Sediment: An accumulation of loose mineral grains, such as boulders, pebbles, sand, silt or mud, which are not cemented together. Mechanical and chemical weathering produces
More informationMechanical Weathering
Weathering is the disintegration and decomposition of material at or near the surface. Erosion is the incorporation and transportation of material by a mobile agent, usually water, wind, or ice. Geologists
More informationMichigan s Geology and Groundwater
Michigan s Geology and Groundwater Ralph J. Haefner Deputy Director U.S. Geological Survey Michigan-Ohio Water Science Center Lansing, Michigan Outline About the USGS Geology 101 Michigan s geology Bedrock
More informationSedimentary Rocks Most common SURFACE rock
Sedimentary Rocks Most common SURFACE rock Formation of Sedimentary Rocks (Sediments are pressed & cemented together) Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition Erosion involves the weathering and the removal
More informationPrentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE
Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 3 Rocks 3.1 The Rock Cycle Rocks Rocks are any solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter occurring naturally as part of our planet. Types of Rocks
More informationDepositional Environment
Depositional Environment Sedimentary depositional environment describes the combination of physical, chemical and biological processes associated with the deposition of a particular type of sediment. Types
More informationThe study of removal (detachment) and transitional regions of wind erosion upon ground indicator (Case study:khartouran Erg)
DESERT DESERT Online at http://jdesert.ut.ac.ir DESERT 13 (2008) 7587 The study of removal (detachment) and transitional regions of wind erosion upon ground indicator (Case study:khartouran Erg) N. Mashhadi
More informationEOLIAN PROCESSES & LANDFORMS
EOLIAN PROCESSES & LANDFORMS Wind can be an effective geomorphic agent under conditions of sparse vegetation & abundant unconsolidated sediment egs. hot & cold deserts, beaches & coastal regions, glacial
More informationSTUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY. Surface Water Movement
Surface Water SECTION 9.1 Surface Water Movement In your textbook, read about surface water and the way in which it moves sediment. Complete each statement. 1. An excessive amount of water flowing downslope
More informationSeepage Analysis for Shurijeh Reservoir Dam Using Finite Element Method. S. Soleymani 1, A. Akhtarpur 2
Seepage Analysis for Shurijeh Reservoir Dam Using Finite Element Method S. Soleymani 1, A. Akhtarpur 2 1 Group of Dam Construction, Toossab Company, P.O. Box 917751569, Mashhad City, Iran, PH (+98) 511-7684091;
More informationEarth Science Chapter 6 Rocks
Earth Science Chapter 6 Rocks I. Rocks and the Rock Cycle * Material that makes up the solid part of the Earth. * Made of a variety of different combinations of minerals and organic matter. A. Three Major
More informationDetermining the Ability of Acid Extractable Metals as a Fingerprint in Sediment Source Discrimination
International Journal of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences 2011, 1 (2), 93-99 Determining the Ability of Acid Extractable Metals as a Fingerprint in Sediment Source Discrimination Asghar Kouhpeima
More informationThe Petrographic of Basalts in northeast of Darood
The Petrographic of Basalts in northeast of Darood Neyshaboor, NE Iran Mehdi Arbabi Tehran 1, H. Mehdizadeh Shahri 2, M. E. Fazel Valipour 3 1) Islamic Azad University of Shahrood, Department of Geology
More informationPENNSYLVANIA. Ordinary processes at Earth's surface and just below it cause rocks to change and soils to form. Page 1 of 3. S8.A.1.1.
Know: Understand: Do: S8.D.1.1.1 -- Essential Explain the rock cycle as changes in the solid earth and rock types found in Pennsylvania (igneous - granite, basalt, obsidian, pumice, ; sedimentary - limestone,
More informationINTRODUCTION. Climate
INTRODUCTION Climate Landslides are serious natural disasters in many parts of the world. Since the past 30 years, rainfall triggered landslides and debris flows had been one of the natural disasters of
More informationMapping of weathering, erosion and morphogenetic zones of Namak lake basin of Iran by Peltier's graphs
Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com European Journal of Experimental Biology, 2013, 3(4):118-125 ISSN: 2248 9215 CODEN (USA): EJEBAU Mapping of weathering, erosion and morphogenetic zones
More informationDebris flow: categories, characteristics, hazard assessment, mitigation measures. Hariklia D. SKILODIMOU, George D. BATHRELLOS
Debris flow: categories, characteristics, hazard assessment, mitigation measures Hariklia D. SKILODIMOU, George D. BATHRELLOS Natural hazards: physical phenomena, active in geological time capable of producing
More informationSoil Formation. Parent Material. Time. Climate
Soil Formation Parent Material Time Climate Topography Biota Main Objectives 1. Gain a general understanding of soil formation processes 2. Understand the importance of mineral weathering in soil formation
More informationPlant nutri0on. Soils and Soil Minerals. Based on: Remember, most things can be too little or too much. 1. O 2 2. CO 2 3. H 2 O 4. inorganic minerals
Based on: Plant nutri0on Soils and Soil Minerals 1. O 2 2. CO 2 3. H 2 O 4. inorganic minerals Too little! Just fine Too much! Remember, most things can be too little or too much. Micro Macro 1 Source
More informationFeatures of the Arid and Semiarid Region
Appendixes Appendix A Features of the Arid and Semiarid Region Note: The information in this appendix further elaborates on material presented in chapter II. Natural Features of the Arid and Semiarid Region
More informationPage 1. Name:
Name: 1) Which property would best distinguish sediment deposited by a river from sediment deposited by a glacier? thickness of sediment layers age of fossils found in the sediment mineral composition
More informationSedimentary Environments Chapter 8
Sedimentary Environments Chapter 8 Does not contain complete lecture notes. To be used to help organize lecture notes and home/test studies. What is a sedimentary rock? Sedimentary rocks are products of
More informationKANSAS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Open File Report LAND SUBSIDENCE KIOWA COUNTY, KANSAS. May 2, 2007
KANSAS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Open File Report 2007-22 LAND SUBSIDENCE KIOWA COUNTY, KANSAS Prepared by Michael T. Dealy L.G., Manager, Wichita Operations SITE LOCATION The site was approximately four miles
More informationStephanie J. Connolly Forest Soil Scientist
Stephanie J. Connolly Forest Soil Scientist Approximately 1 million acres High elevation Steep slopes Rain shadow effect Hydrologically shallow soils Sedimentary geology Acidic environments Biodiversity
More informationStream geomorphology mapping
The effects of deforestation on tropical freshwater streams: A comparison of stream geomorphology and coarser clastic particles distribution between Kasekera watershed (forested) and Mtanga watershed (deforested),
More informationLAB 2 IDENTIFYING MATERIALS FOR MAKING SOILS: ROCK AND PARENT MATERIALS
LAB 2 IDENTIFYING MATERIALS FOR MAKING SOILS: ROCK AND PARENT MATERIALS Learning outcomes The student is able to: 1. understand and identify rocks 2. understand and identify parent materials 3. recognize
More informationMOUNTAIN ORDERING: A METHOD FOR CLASSIFYING MOUNTAINS BASED ON THEIR MORPHOMETRY
Earth Surface Processes and Landforms Earth Surf. Process. Landforms 24, 653±660 (1999) MOUNTAIN ORDERING: A METHOD FOR CLASSIFYING MOUNTAINS BASED ON THEIR MORPHOMETRY SHUJI YAMADA Department of Geography,
More informationCretaceous, Dakota Formation, Terra Cotta Member South Side of I-70, Salina County, Kansas
Cretaceous, Dakota Formation, Terra Cotta Member South Side of I-70, Salina County, Kansas Written By: Steven D.J. Baumann G-102010-1A Outcrop looking southeast Photo taken by: Steven Baumann on 10-20-2010
More informationevery continent has an extensive dry region! " deserts are as much as 1/3 of Earth s surface!
deserts! deserts! every continent has an extensive dry region! " deserts are as much as 1/3 of Earth s surface! Hollywood portrayal of vast stretches of sand dune! " Sahara has only 10% covered by sand!
More informationLANDSAT-TM IMAGES IN GEOLOGICAL MAPPING OF SURNAYA GAD AREA, DADELDHURA DISTRICT WEST NEPAL
LANDSAT-TM IMAGES IN GEOLOGICAL MAPPING OF SURNAYA GAD AREA, DADELDHURA DISTRICT WEST NEPAL L. N. Rimal* A. K. Duvadi* S. P. Manandhar* *Department of Mines and Geology Lainchaur, Kathmandu, Nepal E-mail:
More informationcoosi 3^COMMONWEALTH OP AUSTRALIA
1940 coosi 3^COMMONWEALTH OP AUSTRALIA DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT BUREAU OF MINERAL RESOURCES GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS RECORDS: $966/54 019564 REPORT ON PHOTO INTERPRETATION OF MILLUNGERA 1:250,000
More informationSedimentary Rocks. Weathering. Mechanical & Chemical Weathering. Sediments. Lithification. Deposition. Transport. Erosion.
Lithification Sedimentary Rocks Sediments Deposition Transport Erosion Weathering Weathering The sediments that make up sedimentary rocks are produced by: Mechanical & Chemical Weathering Mechanical Weathering
More information1/31/2013. Weathering Includes Physical, Chemical, Biological processes. Weathering Mechanisms. Wind abrasion forming Ventifacts
Monument Valley, Utah. What weathering processes contributed to the development of these remarkable rock formations? Weathering Includes Physical, Chemical, Biological processes Weathering Mechanisms Physical
More informationA study on the wind erosion potential of agricultural lands after crop harvesting (Case study: Damghan Region)
DESERT Desert Online at http://desert.ut.ac.ir Desert 21-2 (2016) 133-141 A study on the wind erosion potential of agricultural lands after crop harvesting (Case study: Damghan Region) N. Mashhadi a*,
More informationBell Ringer. Are soil and dirt the same material? In your explanation be sure to talk about plants.
Bell Ringer Are soil and dirt the same material? In your explanation be sure to talk about plants. 5.3 Mass Movements Triggers of Mass Movements The transfer of rock and soil downslope due to gravity is
More informationDesert Biomes of North America and Beyond
Desert Biomes of North America and Beyond Optional reading: McAuliffe 1994, Landscape Evolution, Soil Formation, and Ecological Patterns and Processes in Sonoran Desert Bajadas (review figures) 10/21/09
More informationRelationship between Water Table Depth and EC and ph of Soil with Vegetation (Case Study: West Coastland of Maharloo Lake at Fars Province)
Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research, 2017, 7(5):35-45 ISSN : 2249-7412 CODEN (USA): AJPSKY Relationship between Water Table Depth and EC and ph
More informationLandslide hazard zonation of Khorshrostam area, Iran
CEOSEA '98 Procee{)il1.f}J1 Ceo!. Soc. jl1alayjia BIlLL. 45, December J 999j pp. 645-65J Ninth Regional Congress on Geology, Mineral and Energy Resources of Southeast Asia - GEOSEA '98 17-19 August 1998
More informationThe Geology and Soils of the Southern Alice Springs District
Agnote 316 No. G6 July 2005 Agdex No: 000/506 ISSN No: 0157-8243 The Geology and Soils of the Southern Alice Springs District A. White, formerly Senior Rangeland Production Officer, Alice Springs GEOLOGY
More informationPLATE TECTONICS THEORY
PLATE TECTONICS THEORY Continental drift Sea floor spreading CONTINENTAL DRIFT CONTINENTAL DRIFT 1. The fitness of continents and Continental Reconstruction Earth ~200 million years ago 1.1 Geometrical
More informationChapter 5: Glaciers and Deserts
I. Glaciers and Glaciation Chapter 5: Glaciers and Deserts A. A thick mass of ice that forms over land from the compaction and recrystallization of snow and shows evidence of past or present flow B. Types
More information3.3 CLIMATE, GEOLOGY, TOPOGRAPHY, AND SOILS CLIMATE GEOLOGY TOPOGRAPHY
3.3 CLIMATE, GEOLOGY, TOPOGRAPHY, AND SOILS This section describes the climate, geology, topography, and soil resource characteristics of the Yolo Bypass Wildlife Area (Wildlife Area). Agricultural soil
More informationSurface Processes on the Earth. Rocks, Weathering, Erosion and Soil
Surface Processes on the Earth Rocks, Weathering, Erosion and Soil ROCKS AND ROCK CYCLE Rock types Three main types of rock Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary Igneous Form when magma or lava cools and hardens
More informationUnit E: Planet Earth. Topic 2: The Rock Cycle and Characteristics of Rocks
Unit E: Planet Earth Topic 2: The Rock Cycle and Characteristics of Rocks 1 2.1 Three Classes of Rocks: Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic A. How Rocks Are Formed B. Types of Rock 1. All rocks can be
More informationENVIRONMENTAL GEOSCIENCE UNIFORM SYLLABUS
ENVIRONMENTAL GEOSCIENCE UNIFORM SYLLABUS The Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of the Province of British Columbia Note: 1. This Syllabus May Be Subject To Change 2. These Courses
More informationName HW - Landscapes
Name HW - Landscapes 1. New York s Tug Hill landscape region is classified as a plateau because this region has a A) high elevation with distorted bedrock B) high elevation with nearly horizontal layers
More informationLECTURE #14: Extreme Heat & Desertification
GEOL 0820 Ramsey Natural Disasters Spring, 2018 LECTURE #14: Extreme Heat & Desertification Date: 27 February 2018 (lecturer: Dr. Shawn Wright) I. Start of Part 2 of the Course weather-related disasters
More informationLand subsidence due to groundwater withdrawal in Hanoi, Vietnam
Land Subsidence (Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Land Subsidence, The Hague, October 1995). 1AHS Publ. no. 234, 1995. 55 Land subsidence due to groundwater withdrawal in Hanoi, Vietnam
More informationEarth s Major Terrerstrial Biomes. *Wetlands (found all over Earth)
Biomes Biome: the major types of terrestrial ecosystems determined primarily by climate 2 main factors: Depends on ; proximity to ocean; and air and ocean circulation patterns Similar traits of plants
More informationA Geological Tour of Tumbledown Mountain, Maine
Maine Geologic Facts and Localities April, 1998 A Geological Tour of Tumbledown Mountain, Maine 44 45 3.21 N, 70 32 50.24 W Text by Robert G. Marvinney, Department of Agriculture, Conservation & Forestry
More informationSOIL INFORMATION FOR PUMPED WATER STORAGE SCHEME, STEELPOORT VALLEY
REPORT On contract research for Bohlweki Environmental SOIL INFORMATION FOR PUMPED WATER STORAGE SCHEME, STEELPOORT VALLEY February 2007 By D.G. Paterson ARC-Institute for Soil, Climate and Water, Private
More informationLecture Outlines PowerPoint. Chapter 6 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens
Lecture Outlines PowerPoint Chapter 6 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors
More informationAssembling information to develop ecological site and state and transition concepts. Brandon Bestelmeyer, Jornada Experimental Range, Las Cruces, NM
Assembling information to develop ecological site and state and transition concepts Brandon Bestelmeyer, Jornada Experimental Range, Las Cruces, NM Concepts: Ecological site: division of the landscape
More informationHolocene evolution of Dahab coastline Gulf of Aqaba, Sinai Peninsula, Egypt 1
Holocene evolution of Dahab coastline Gulf of Aqaba, Sinai Peninsula, Egypt 1 Magdy Torab* 2 * Prof. of Geomorphology, Department of Geography, Damanhour University, Egypt 3 E-mail: magdytorab@hotmail.com.
More informationGeology and Nonrenewable Mineral Resources
Environmental Science, 15e MILLER/SPOOLMAN G. TYLER MILLER SCOTT E. SPOOLMAN 12 Geology and Nonrenewable Mineral Resources Core Case Study: The Crucial Importance of Rare Earth Metals There are 17 rare
More informationI. PRACTICAL GEOGRAPHY A. Maps. B. Scale and measurement. C. Map reading and interpretation; D. Interpretation of statistical data;
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES OBJECTIVES I. PRACTICAL GEOGRAPHY A. Maps Ai define and identify different types and uses of maps B. Scale and measurement distances, areas reduction and enlargement, directions,
More informationYour web browser (Safari 7) is out of date. For more security, comfort and the best experience on this site: Update your browser Ignore
Your web browser (Safari 7) is out of date. For more security, comfort and the best experience on this site: Update your browser Ignore ALLU VIAL FAN colluvial fan, debris cone For the complete encyclopedic
More informationClassification according to patent rock material/origin, soil distribution and orders
Classification according to patent rock material/origin, soil distribution and orders Alluvial Soils Shales and Sandstone Soils Limestone Soils Chocolate Hills: Limestone formation Andesite and Basalt
More informationC) use of nuclear power D) number of volcanic eruptions
3121-1 - Page 1 Name: 1) The graph below shows the change in carbon dioxide concentration in parts per million (ppm) in Earth's atmosphere from 1960 to 1990. The most likely cause of the overall change
More informationChapter: Weathering and Erosion
Chapter: Weathering and Erosion Section 1: Weathering and Soil Formation Minerals form rocks Rocks form soil Weathering Weathering is a mechanical or chemical surface process that breaks rocks into smaller
More informationRiver Response. Sediment Water Wood. Confinement. Bank material. Channel morphology. Valley slope. Riparian vegetation.
River Response River Response Sediment Water Wood Confinement Valley slope Channel morphology Bank material Flow obstructions Riparian vegetation climate catchment vegetation hydrological regime channel
More informationNAME: GEL 109 Final Study Guide - Winter 2008 Questions 6-24 WILL be on the final exactly as written here; this is 60% of the test.
GEL 109 Final Study Guide - Winter 2008 Questions 6-24 WILL be on the final exactly as written here; this is 60% of the test. 1. Sketch a map view of three types of deltas showing the differences in river,
More informationChapter 6 9/25/2012. Weathering, Erosion and Soils. Introduction. How Are Earth Materials Altered? Introduction. How Are Earth Materials Altered?
Chapter 6 Introduction Rocks and minerals are disintegrated and decomposed by the processes of mechanical and chemical weathering. Weathering, Erosion and Soils This breakdown occurs because the parent
More informationBeneath the sand of the Tanami Desert
Beneath the sand of the Tanami Desert ARGA 2018, Wallaroo, SA Nadir de Souza Kovacs Ngururrpa program The program area covers the traditional land of the Parna Ngururrpa People in a remote part of the
More informationHW #2 Landscape Travel from A to B 12,
HW #2 Landscape 2016 Section: Name: ate: 1. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the map below, which represents two bridges that cross the Green River. Letters,, and represent locations
More informationThe Nature of Sedimentary Rocks
The Nature of Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary rocks are composed of: Fragments of other rocks Chemical precipitates Organic matter or biochemically produced materials The Nature of Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary
More information[Penumaka, 7(1): January-March 2017] ISSN Impact Factor
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES &MANAGEMENT HYDROGEOMORPHOLOGY OF CHEVELLA BASIN, RANGA REDDY DISTRICT, TELANGANA STATE Penumaka Ramesh* 1 & Podila Sankara Pitchaiah 2 * 1&2 Department of
More informationSection I: Multiple Choice Select the best answer to each question. Mark your final answer on the answer sheet. (1 pt each)
Sedimentary Rocks & Surface Processes Quest Name: Earth Science 2013 Block: Date: Section I: Multiple Choice Select the best answer to each question. Mark your final answer on the answer sheet. (1 pt each)
More informationentered a rapid development phase. Annual increased proven reserves are above 500 billion cubic meters (bcm) from 2003, and annual natural gas product
(), entered a rapid development phase. Annual increased proven reserves are above 500 billion cubic meters (bcm) from 2003, and annual natural gas production has increased from 50bcm in 2000 to nearly
More informationMarine Sediments EPSS15 Spring 2017 Lab 4
Marine Sediments EPSS15 Spring 2017 Lab 4 Why Sediments? Record of Earth s history - Tectonic plate movement - Past changes in climate - Ancient ocean circulation currents - Cataclysmic events 1 Classification
More information1. Base your answer to the following question on The diagram below represents a part of the crystal structure of the mineral kaolinite.
1. Base your answer to the following question on The diagram below represents a part of the crystal structure of the mineral kaolinite. An arrangement of atoms such as the one shown in the diagram determines
More information3.1 Regional Physical Setting
Chapter 3 Hydrogeomorphic Setting This chapter describes the physical setting of the inventory area and the four physiographic regions used to categorize the geomorphology of the inventory area. The overview
More informationSediment. Weathering: mechanical and chemical decomposition and disintegration of rock and minerals at the surface
Sediment Some basic terminology Weathering: mechanical and chemical decomposition and disintegration of rock and minerals at the surface Erosion: removal of weathered rock and minerals from one place to
More informationAPPENDIX G GLOSSARY. Mn/DOT/WR-0200
APPENDIX G GLOSSARY Mn/DOT/WR-0200 Alluvial - comprised of clay, silt, sand, gravel, and/or other detritus deposited by water. Usually refers to accretionary overbank, floodplain or levee deposits. Biomantling
More informationGEOLOGY MEDIA SUITE Chapter 5
UNDERSTANDING EARTH, SIXTH EDITION GROTZINGER JORDAN GEOLOGY MEDIA SUITE Chapter 5 Sedimentation Rocks Formed by Surface Processes 2010 W.H. Freeman and Company Mineralogy of sandstones Key Figure 5.12
More information