Use of CPT in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering
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1 Use of CPT in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Prof. Scott M. Olson, PhD, PE Use of Cone Penetration Test for Foundation Analysis and Design 2006 Annual Meeting Transportation Research Board
2 Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Ground shaking Structural hazards Liquefaction Landslides Retaining structure failures Lifeline hazards Tsunamis & seiches
3 Ground Shaking & Site Response Code based Vs profile Site-specific Soil profile Small strain shear modulus Seismic CPT Thrust machine CPT computer Seismograph Trigger Hammer Beam Body waves Push rods x y z Geophone array Friction sleeve Piezoelement Cone tip
4 Liquefaction Level ground (cyclic liquefaction) Liquefaction-induced settlement Flotation of buried structures Lateral spreading Sloping ground / flow failure
5 Level Ground Liquefaction Clean sand base curve q = C q c1, cs FC c1 Newman, Stark, & Olson (in review)
6 Level Ground Liquefaction FS L Resistance Demand CRR CSR CRR a max σ v 0.65 g σ ' v r d MSF Newman, Stark, & Olson (in review)
7 Liquefaction-induced Settlement Post-liquefaction volumetric strain, ε v (%) Ishihara & Yoshimine (1992) Zhang, Robertson, & Brachman (2002)
8 Lateral Spreading (q c1n ~45) (q c1n ~60) (q c1n ~80) (q c1n ~110) (q c1n ~160) Zhang, Robertson, & Brachman (2004) (q c1n ~200) modified from Ishihara & Yoshimine (1992)
9 Sloping Ground / Flow Failure Susceptibility Triggering Post-triggering stability CONTRACTIVE DILATIVE Olson & Stark (2003)
10 Sloping Ground / Flow Failure Susceptibility Triggering Post-triggering stability Olson & Stark (2003)
11 Sloping Ground / Flow Failure Susceptibility Triggering Post-triggering stability FS Triggering τ static σ ' vo s ( yield) + τ σ ' u vo avg, seismic σ ' vo + τ other σ ' vo Olson & Stark (2003)
12 Sloping Ground / Flow Failure 0.7 Susceptibility 0.6 Triggering 0.5 Post-triggering 0.4 stability s u (yield)/σ' vo τ /σ' vo Approximate limiting boundary based on drained shear strength for φ ' ss = 30 o Olson and Stark (2003) range of s u (yield)/σ' vo Limiting boundaries based on σ' vo (kpa) contractive/dilative boundary Level ground CRR (Stark & Olson 1995) Olson et al. (2006, in press) q c1 (MPa) q c1
13 Sloping Ground / Flow Failure Susceptibility Triggering Post-triggering stability Olson & Stark (2002)
14 Sloping Ground / Flow Failure Susceptibility Triggering Post-triggering stability Olson & Stark (2002)
15 Great River Bridge 22,550 ft of bridge 1400 ft cable stay main span Elevated crossings over levees Foundations piles drilled shafts hydraulic caissons
16 GRB Seismicity 2% PE in 50 years B/C pga = 0.14g Design EQ controlled by NMSZ M W 7.7 R = 200 km Project Site
17 Uses of scptu at GRB Detailed stratigraphy Soil properties static dynamic (Vs) Liquefaction analysis level ground / settlement lateral spreading sloping ground / flow failure
18 GRB Subsurface Profile
19 GRB Subsurface Profile
20 GRB Subsurface Profile
21 GRB Subsurface Profile
22 GRB Subsurface Profile
23 GRB Dynamic Soil Properties
24 GRB Level Ground Liquefaction General Information Soil Information Earthquake Information Analysis Information Location: Arkansas City, AR Average γ t : 120 pcf M W : 8.1 FC relation: FC calculated from Ic (Robertson & Wride 1997) Project No GWT depth: 10 ft a max : 0.18 g MSF: 0.85 Idriss (1999) TRB presentation Date: 08/10/01 Sounding A-CPT-1 r d relation: Idriss (1999) TRB presentation 0 q c1n F (%) I c Apparent FC (%) (q c1n ) cs CRR 7.5 & CSR FS LIQ Depth (ft)
25 GRB Level Ground Liquefaction
26 GRB Level Ground Liquefaction
27 GRB Level Ground Liquefaction
28 GRB Liquefaction Settlement 0 6 Liquefaction-Induced Settlements (inches) West of Abandoned Channel Abandoned Channel West East of Abandoned Channel Point Bar River Mississippi Floodplain Station (ft) *100
29 GRB Lateral Spreading Arkansas pointbar 3 to 13 ft Mississippi cutbank negligible
30 GRB Sloping Ground / Flow Failure
31 GRB Sloping Ground / Flow Failure
32 Conclusions scptu is an excellent site investigation tool when conditions are appropriate quality & quantity of data rapid & versatile cost-effective repeatable
33 Conclusions scptu is a versatile design tool well-suited to geotechnical earthquake engineering site response (ground shaking) liquefaction engineering site characterization & soil properties for: landslides (seismic slope stability) seismic foundation & retaining structure design lifeline engineering
34 Conclusions scptu works particularly well for liquefaction engineering loose & soft materials thin layer identification level ground liquefaction, settlement, flotation lateral spreading sloping ground & flow failure
35 Thank You! Questions???
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