Date: Period: Evolution Review
|
|
- James Golden
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Biology Name: Date: Period: Evolution Review History of Evolutionary Thought Carl Linnaeus Published the first edition of his classification of living things, the Systema Naturae James Hutton Hutton proposes that Earth is shaped by geological forces that took place over extremely long periods of time. He cited volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and erosion impacting geology now just as it had in the past. He estimates the Earth to be millions- not thousands- of years old Thomas Malthus In his Essay on the Principle of Population, Malthus predicts that the human population will grow faster than the space and food supplies needed to sustain it. Malthus reasoned that if the human population continued to grow unchecked, sooner or later there would be insufficient living space and food for everyone. He proposed that war, famine, and disease limited the growth of human populations Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Lamarck publishes his theory of the inheritance of acquired traits. The theory is flawed, but he is one of the first to propose a mechanism explaining how organisms change over time. Lamarck believed that organs could be altered in shape or size based on use or disuse. He believed that these acquired traits could then be inherited Charles Darwin Darwin sets sail on the HMS Beagle, a voyage that would provide him with vast amounts of evidence that lead to his theory of evolution Darwin realized that both living organisms and fossils were the key to understanding the natural world. The Galapagos islands were some of the most influential to Darwin and his theories. Darwin observed that the characteristics of many animals (tortoises and finches) and plants varied noticeably among the different islands of the Galapagos Charles Lyell In the second and final volume of Principles of Geology, Lyell explained that processes occurring now have shaped Earth s geological features over long periods of time Alfred Wallace Wallace writes to Darwin, speculating on evolution by natural selection, based on his studies of the distribution of plants and animals
2 Darwin presents Wallace s essay to the Linnaean Society Charles Darwin Publishes On the Origin of Species After years of compiling data and ideas, it was a colleague s paper on evolution (Alfred Russel Wallace) that pushed Darwin to complete and publish his own work. Darwin rejected the idea of species being perfect and unchanging in favor of natural variation. Darwin s greatest insight was to compare processes in nature with artificial selection. There are three key aspects of Darwin s Theory of Natural Selection: The Struggle for Existence - members of each species compete regularly to obtain food, living space, and other necessities of life. A key factor in the struggle for existence was an animal s fitness. Fitness the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific environment. Darwin proposed that fitness is the result of adaptations. Adaptation inherited characteristic that increases an organisms chance of survival Adaptations can be physical (i.e. shells, quills) or behavioral (i.e. group hunting) Survival of the Fittest Because each individual differs from other members of its species, each has unique advantages and disadvantages. Individuals with characteristics not well suited to their environment either die or leave few offspring. Individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce successfully. Descent With Modification Over time, natural selection results in changes in the inherited characteristics of a population. These changes increase a species fitness in its environment. Natural selection then produces organisms that have different structures, establish different niches, or occupy different habitats thus looking different from their ancestors. Thus each living species has descended, with changes, from other species over time a process Darwin called descent with modification. Thus if we look back far enough we could find a common ancestor for all living things; an idea know as common descent. Evidence for evolution Evidence for this process could be found in the fossil record,
3 the geographical distribution of living species, Beaver Beaver NORTH AMERICA Muskrat Muskrat Beaver and Muskrat Coypu Capybara Capybara SOUTH AMERICA Coypu and Capybara Coypu homologous structure of living organisms, and
4 similarities in early development. Population Evolution Evolution is a branching or splitting process in which populations split off from one another and gradually become different. It was not until around 1910 that biologists began to realize that genes were the key source of evolutionary change. There are two main sources of genetic variation: o Mutations o Gene Shuffling (the result of sexual reproduction) A gene pool is the combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population. The relative frequency of an allele is the number of times that allele occurs in a gene pool compared with the number of times other alleles occur (usually expressed as a percent). Keep in mind, natural selection acts on the phenotype of an organism (not its genotype). In small populations, individuals that carry a particular allele may leave more descendants than other individuals, just by chance. Over time, a series of chance occurrences of this type can cause an allele to become common in a population this is known as genetic drift. Natural selection can affect the distributions of phenotypes in any of three ways:
5 o Directional selection occurs when the environment of a population is changing in some definitive way (pepper moths). o Stabilizing selection is when individuals in the center of the population have higher fitness than either extreme. Stabilizing selection is the one mode that does not result in adaptive change and/or evolution. o Disruptive selection is when individuals at both extremes have higher fitness than individuals near the middle. Genetic equilibrium is the situation in which allele frequencies remain constant is called genetic equilibrium. If allele frequencies do not change, the population will not evolve. Five conditions are required to maintain genetic equilibrium from generation to generation: o There must be random mating o The population must be very large o There can be no movement into or out of the population o There can be no mutations o There can be no natural selection In addition to disruptive selection, new species can be created when segments of a population are separated. This separation creates isolated populations. There are various types of isolation: o Behavioral isolation - occurs when two populations are capable of interbreeding, but have differences in courtship rituals or other types of behavior. o By preventing the mating between formerly interbreeding groups or the inability of these groups to produce fertile offspring leads to reproductive isolation. o Geographic isolation is when a physical barrier is present which divides a population. o Temporal isolation is when two or more species reproduce at different times, this is called temporal isolation. Disruptive selection can lead to adaptive radiation where one species evolves into several. Speciation is the formation of new species Convergent evolution is a process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments. Coevolution is a process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other. Many symbiotic relationships co-evolve over the course of their existence. In gradualism, organisms change slowly over time at a steady rate. In punctuated equilibrium, there are long periods of time with no change, followed by short periods of rapid evolution.
6 The Fossil Record The remains of ancient life are called fossils. Fossils occur in a particular order. Certain fossils in certain rocks. Over billions of years, ancient unicellular organisms have given rise to currently existing life on Earth. More than 99% of all species that ever lived on Earth are now extinct. Fossils include preserved forms of the following: Complete animals Animal fragments Eggs Footprints Animal droppings Plants or plant parts How We Use The Fossil Record (know table comparing!) Radioactive dating relies on half-life decay of radioactive elements to allow scientists to date rocks and materials directly. Relative dating provides a sequence of events from which relative dates can be extrapolated. Molecular clocks allow scientists to use the amount of genetic divergence between organisms to extrapolate backwards to estimate dates. Radioactive dating is the use of half-lives to determine the age of a sample. In radioactive dating, scientists calculate the age of a sample based on the amount of remaining radioactive isotopes it contains. In relative dating, the age of a fossil is determined by comparing its placement with that of fossils in other layers of rock. The rock layers form in order by age the oldest layers on the bottom, with more recent layers on top, closer to Earth s surface. To perform relative dating, scientists use index fossils to compare the relative ages of fossils. An index fossil is a species that is easily recognized and must have existed for a short period but in only a few layers of rock. In the absence of index fossils, scientists may use bracketing to date a particular layer of fossils. Fossils are generally found in sedimentary rock not igneous rock. Sedimentary rocks can be dated using radioactive carbon, but because carbon decays relatively quickly, this only works for rocks younger than about 60 thousand years. In order to date most older fossils, scientists look for layers of igneous rock or volcanic ash above and below the fossil. Scientists date igneous rock using elements that are slow to decay (uranium and potassium). By dating these surrounding layers, they can figure out the youngest and oldest that the fossil might be. Geologic Time Earth s early atmosphere probably contained hydrogen cyanide, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, and water.
7 Scientists Miller and Urey s experiments suggested how mixtures of the organic compounds necessary for life could have arisen from simpler compounds present on a primitive Earth. From these organic molecules arose RNA and DNA. Molecular biologists have discovered that RNA is very versatile and can actually under certain circumstances duplicate themselves. The endosymbiotic theory proposes that eukaryotic cells arose from living communities formed by prokaryotic organisms. Paleontologists use divisions of the geologic time scale to represent evolutionary time. This time scale was originally developed as geologists studied rock layers and index fossils. Changes in the fossil record were used to mark where one segment ends and another begins long before these segments were assigned dates. Later radioactive dating was used to determine time frames for these shifts. Precambrian Time - Anaerobic, then photosynthetic prokaryotes; eukaryotes, then multicellular life Paleozoic Era Age of Fishes Cambrian Marine invertebrates diversified; most animal phyla evolved Ordovician Aquatic arthropods; mollusks; vertebrates (jawless fishes) Silurian First land plants; first land animals (arthropods) Devonian Fishes diversified; land vertebrates colonize and begin to diversify (primitive amphibians) Carboniferous First reptiles; winged insects diversified; coal swamps Permian Reptiles diversified; seed plants; mass extinction Mesozoic Era Age of Reptiles Triassic First dinosaurs; small mammals; cone-bearing plants Jurassic Dinosaurs diversified; birds Cretaceous Aquatic reptiles diversified; flowering plants; mass extinction Cenozoic Era Age of Mammals Tertiary Mammals diversified; grasses Quaternary Glaciations; mammals increased; humans Extinctions occur all the time. More than 99% of all species that ever lived are now extinct. Mass extinction is an episode in which many species suddenly become extinct Classification Linnaeus was a Swedish botanist who developed a classification system for the living world that included seven different levels of order. These are:
8 1. Kingdom 2. Phylum 3. Class 4. Order 5. Family 6. Genus 7. Species These groups or levels of organization are called taxons. Thus the term taxonomy for the discipline of classification and naming of organisms. Linnaeus also gave us a two-part naming system called binomial nomenclature. This system provides a scientific name that described the organism using its genus and species. Traditional classification groups organisms based on their physical traits. Cladograms group organisms based on their evolutionary history (physical traits & DNA similarity) Appendages Conical Shells Crustaceans Gastropod Crab Barnacle Limpet Crab Barnacle Limpet TRADITIONAL CLASSIFICATION Molted exoskeleton Segmentation CLADOGRAM Tiny free-swimming larva Characteristics found in recent lineages but not older members are called derived characters. Vestigial traits are largely or entirely functionless (a hold over from earlier evolutionary forms). A vestigial structure may retain lesser functions or develop minor new ones. A model known as a molecular clock uses DNA comparisons to estimate the length of time that two species have been evolving independently Currently there are three domains that scientists identify relating life on earth. Bacteria Archaea Eukarya
9 Scientists currently recognize six different kingdoms. Eubacteria (Bacteria) Archaebacteria (Archaea) Protista (Eukarya) Fungi (Eukarya) Plantae (Eukarya) Animalia (Eukarya)
EVOLUTION change in populations over time
EVOLUTION change in populations over time HISTORY ideas that shaped the current theory James Hutton & Charles Lyell proposes that Earth is shaped by geological forces that took place over extremely long
More informationEVOLUTION change in populations over time
EVOLUTION change in populations over time HISTORY ideas that shaped the current theory James Hutton (1785) proposes that Earth is shaped by geological forces that took place over extremely long periods
More informationEVOLUTION. HISTORY: Ideas that shaped the current evolutionary theory. Evolution change in populations over time.
EVOLUTION HISTORY: Ideas that shaped the current evolutionary theory. Evolution change in populations over time. James Hutton & Charles Lyell proposes that Earth is shaped by geological forces that took
More informationChapter Study Guide Section 17-1 The Fossil Record (pages )
Name Class Date Chapter Study Guide Section 17-1 The Fossil Record (pages 417-422) Key Concepts What is the fossil record? What information do relative dating and radioactive dating provide about fossils?
More informationThe History of Life. Fossils and Ancient Life (page 417) How Fossils Form (page 418) Interpreting Fossil Evidence (pages ) Chapter 17
Chapter 17 The History of Life Section 17 1 The Fossil Record (pages 417 422) This section explains how fossils form and how they can be interpreted. It also describes the geologic time scale that is used
More informationSection 17 1 The Fossil Record (pages )
Chapter 17 The History of Life Section 17 1 The Fossil Record (pages 417 422) Key Concepts What is the fossil record? What information do relative dating and radioactive dating provide about fossils? What
More informationName Class Date. Crossword Puzzle Use the clues below to complete the puzzle.
Chapter 17 The History of Life Chapter Vocabulary Review Crossword Puzzle Use the clues below to complete the puzzle. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Across 2. time span shorter than an era, such as Quaternary
More informationVocab. ! Evolution - change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms
Vocab! Evolution - change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms! Theory - well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations
More informationTHE HISTORY OF THE THEORY. Darwin presented that happens and offered an of how it happens. Theory a broad that has been and
Evolution Notes THE HISTORY OF THE THEORY Why is the evolutionary theory associated with Charles Darwin? Darwin presented that happens and offered an of how it happens. o Evolution the process by which
More information19. When allele frequencies change as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population
CP Biology: Evolution Name: Per: Directions: Use your textbook to help you answer the practice questions for each chapter. It is important that you READ the chapter sections and not just search for the
More informationCh. 16 Evolution of Populations
Ch. 16 Evolution of Populations Gene pool the combined genetic information of all the members of a population. There are typically 2 or more alleles for a certain trait. (dominant or recessive) Allele
More informationSection 17 1 The Fossil Record (pages )
Name Class Date Chapter 17 The History of Life Section 17 1 The Fossil Record (pages 417 422) This section explains how fossils form and how they can be interpreted. It also describes the geologic time
More informationCHAPTER 19 THE HISTORY OF LIFE. Dr. Bertolotti
CHAPTER 19 THE HISTORY OF LIFE Dr. Bertolotti Essential Question: HOW DO FOSSILS HELP BIOLOGISTS UNDERSTAND THE HISTORY OF LIFE ON EARTH? WHAT DO FOSSILS REVEAL ABOUT ANCIENT LIFE? FOSSILS AND ANCIENT
More information15 2 Ideas That Shaped Darwin's Thinking
1 of 27 Belief of his time 1. Earth was young (~4,000 years old) 2. Plants/ animals never changed 2 of 27 An Ancient, Changing Earth Fossils challenged both of these Beliefs 3 of 27 Geologist gave evidence
More informationName: Period Study Guide 17-1 and 17-2
Name: Period Study Guide 17-1 and 17-2 17-1 The Fossil Record (pgs. 417-422) 1. What is the fossil record? 2. What evidence does the fossil record provide? 1. 2. 3. List the 2 techniques paleontologists
More informationDarwin s Theory of Evolution. The Puzzle of Life s Diversity
Darwin s Theory of Evolution The Puzzle of Life s Diversity Evolutionary Theory A scientific explanation that can illustrate the diversity of life on Earth Theory A well-supported, testable explanation
More information15-1 The Puzzle of Life's Diversity Slide 1 of 20
1 of 20 Evolution is the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms. * Known as biological change over time A scientific theory is a well-supported testable explanation of
More informationEVOLUTION. Charles Darwin
EVOLUTION Charles Darwin Question for Thought Earth has millions of other kinds of organisms of every imaginable shape, size, and habitat. This variety of living things is called biological diversity.
More informationSummary The Fossil Record Earth s Early History. Name Class Date
Name Class Date Chapter 17 Summary The History of Life 17 1 The Fossil Record Fossils are preserved traces and remains of ancient life. Scientists who study fossils are called paleontologists. They use
More informationUnderstanding Natural Selection
Understanding Natural Selection Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Sailed around the world 1831-1836 What did Darwin s Travels reveal The diversity of living species was far greater than anyone had previously
More informationPrinciples of Evolution. Ch Early Ideas About Evolution Early Ideas About Evolution Early Ideas About Evolution 3/21/2016
Principles of Evolution Ch. 10 "Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution." 10.1 Early Ideas About Evolution The Puzzle of Life s Diversity o Evolution - modern organisms have descended
More informationVocab Darwin & Evolution (Chap 15)
Vocab Darwin & Evolution (Chap 15) 1. Evolution 2. Theory 3. Charles Darwin 4. Fossil 5. Species 6. Natural variation 7. Artificial selection 8. Struggle for existence 9. Fitness 10.Adaptation 11.Survival
More informationChapter 15 Darwin s Theory of Evolution. Essential Question: What evidence did Darwin use to develop his theory of evolution?
Chapter 15 Darwin s Theory of Evolution Essential Question: What evidence did Darwin use to develop his theory of evolution? 15-1 The Puzzle of Life s Diversity How did life change from a prokaryote to
More informationChapter 16. Darwin s Theory Of Evolution
Chapter 16 Darwin s Theory Of Evolution 16-1 I. Evolution A. process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms (change over time) II. Charles Darwin A. Sailed around the world on
More informationEvolution. Chapters 16 & 17
Evolution Chapters 16 & 17 Darwin s Voyage Chapter 16 Change over time Evolution Charles Darwin Developed a scientific theory that explains how modern organisms evolved over long periods of time through
More informationRevision Based on Chapter 19 Grade 11
Revision Based on Chapter 19 Grade 11 Biology Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Most fossils are found in rusty water. volcanic rock. sedimentary
More informationWake Acceleration Academy - Biology Note Guide Unit 6: Evolution & The Diversity of Life
Wake Acceleration Academy - Biology Note Guide Unit 6: Evolution & The Diversity of Life Extra Resources Website: http://waa-science.weebly.com Module 1: Darwin and Natural Selection Vocabulary Term Charles
More information17-1 The Fossil Record Slide 2 of 40
2 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life What is the fossil record? 3 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life Fossils and Ancient Life Paleontologists are scientists who collect and study fossils. All information about
More information17-1 The Fossil Record Slide 1 of 40
1 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life Fossils and Ancient Life Paleontologists are scientists who collect and study fossils. All information about past life is called the fossil record. The fossil record includes
More information14 Ideas That Shaped Darwin's Thinking Slide 1 of 27
14 Ideas That Shaped 1 of 27 An Ancient, Changing Earth An Ancient, Changing Earth How did Hutton and Lyell describe geological change? 2 of 27 An Ancient, Changing Earth Hutton and Lyell helped scientists
More informationBiology Slide 1 of 41
Biology 1 of 41 15-3 Darwin Presents His Case 2 of 41 15-3 Darwin Presents His Case Publication of On the Origin of Species Publication of On the Origin of Species Darwin filled notebooks with his ideas
More informationBiology. Slide 1 of 41. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Biology 1 of 41 15-3 Darwin Presents His Case 2 of 41 Publication of On the Origin of Species Publication of On the Origin of Species Darwin filled notebooks with his ideas about species diversity and
More informationPublication of On the Origin of Species Darwin Presents His Case
Publication of On the Origin of Species Publication of On the Origin of Species Darwin filled notebooks with his ideas about species diversity and the evolution process. Darwin was stunned and disturbed
More informationEvolution Unit Ch in Miller & Levine Biology textbook
Evolution Unit Ch. 15-17 in Miller & Levine Biology textbook Evolution: theory of how modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms; a.k.a. "a change over time" Charles Darwin is one of the many
More informationCh. 22 Warm-Up. 1. What do you remember about Charles Darwin and his scientific ideas? 1. According to Campbell, what is the definition of evolution?
Ch. 22 Warm-Up 1. What do you remember about Charles Darwin and his scientific ideas? 1. According to Campbell, what is the definition of evolution? Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life
More informationMultiple Choice Write the letter on the line provided that best answers the question or completes the statement.
Chapter 15 Darwin s Theory of Evolution Chapter Test A Multiple Choice Write the letter on the line provided that best answers the question or completes the statement. 1. On the Galápagos Islands, Charles
More informationInterest Grabber. Section Go to Section:
Interest Grabber Section 15-1 A Trip Around the World While on his voyage around the world aboard the H.M.S. Beagle, Charles Darwin spent about one month observing life on the Galápagos Islands. There,
More informationCH_15_Evolution.notebook. February 28, Cellular Evolution. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck. Endosymbiont Theory. Charles Darwin
Cellular Evolution The first cells were prokaryotic They did not need oxygen (the atmosphere did not contain oxygen until 1.8 billion years ago) Eukaryotic cells were found in the fossil record about 2
More informationAny evidence of an organism that lived long ago. Sedimentary. Relative Dating. Absolute Dating
A fossil is: Any evidence of an organism that lived long ago Sedimentary Rock Almost all fossils are found in How do scientists determine the age of fossils? Relative Dating Absolute Dating The deeper
More informationMultiple Choice Write the letter on the line provided that best answers the question or completes the statement.
Chapter 18 Classification Chapter Test A Multiple Choice Write the letter on the line provided that best answers the question or completes the statement. 1. Scientists assign each kind of organism a universally
More informationDescent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life. Part A: Darwin & Natural Selection
Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life Part A: Darwin & Natural Selection What you must know: How Lamarck s view of the mechanism of evolution differed from Darwin s. The role of adaptations,
More informationEvolution and Natural Selection
Evolution and Natural Selection What Evolution is NOT Change in a gene pool over time What Evolution IS Evolution unites all fields of biology! Cell biology Genetics/DNA Ecology Biodiversity/Taxonomy Carolus
More informationChapter 16: Evolutionary Theory
Chapter 16: Evolutionary Theory Section 1: Developing a Theory Evolution: Artificial Selection: Evolution: I. A Theory to Explain Change Over Time B. Charles Darwin C. Theory: D. Modern evolutionary theory
More informationCharles Darwin. 0 Lived in England : Beagle s five-year voyage mapping the coastline of South America
Charles Darwin 0 Lived in England 0 1809-1882 0 1831-1836: Beagle s five-year voyage mapping the coastline of South America 0 1859: On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection 0 EVOLUTION à
More informationWhat is Evolution? Evolution Unit Vocabulary. Answer: Evidence of Evolution. What is a Gene Pool? Change over time.
What is Evolution? Evolution Unit Vocabulary Practice Quiz Change over time. Evidence of Evolution The gradual development of something, especially from simple to more complex. Can be big or very small
More informationChapter 15 Theory of Evolution
Chapter 15 Theory of Evolution 15-1 History of Evolutionary Thought Evolution- the development of new species form pre-existing species. -change over time. In the 1800 s scientists began to present evidence
More informationWhat is Evolution? Evolution = Most changes occur gradually, but can happen on a shorter time scale Variations in populations come from
Evolution Notes What is Evolution? Evolution = Most changes occur gradually, but can happen on a shorter time scale Variations in populations come from Time Line of Scientists 1785 proposes that the Earth
More informationEvolution. Formation of EARTH. First cells by endosymbiosis. The Scientists. Lamarck Darwin. Change Over Time
Evolution Change Over Time Evolution Definition: A change in a population of a species over time Organisms evolve to adapt better to their environment According to Evolution, all living things (organisms)
More informationDarwin and Natural Selection
Darwin and Natural Selection Background: Students know Evolution is change over time Essential Question: What was Darwin s conclusion about his observations? (CIRCLE ans. ) Vocabulary: Highlight or underline
More informationTHE THEORY OF EVOLUTION
THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION Why evolution matters Theory: A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through observation
More information1. Evolution and Classification
1. Evolution and Classification 1.1 Origin of Life and Plants 1.2 Animal Evolution 1.3 Human Evolution 1.4 Mechanisms of Evolution 1.5 Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium 1.6 Mechanisms of Speciation 1.7 Classification
More informationChapter 16 and 17: Evolution Darwin s Voyage of Discovery
Chapter 16 and 17: Evolution Darwin s Voyage of Discovery Father of Evolution:. Born in England (2/12/1809) In 1831, Darwin became a naturalist on the HMS Studied and life on a mapping expedition to South
More information15.3 Darwin Presents his Case. Biology Mr. Hines
15.3 Darwin Presents his Case Biology Mr. Hines Darwin returned to England with a wealth of new data. He brought many specimens from the Galapagos to further his studies and to present his data to others.
More information1.A- Natural Selection
1.A- Natural Selection Big Idea 1: The process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life. EU 1.A- Evolution is change in the genetic makeup of a population over time. EU 1.B- Organisms are linked
More informationChapter 19. History of Life on Earth
Chapter 19 History of Life on Earth Adapted from Holt Biology 2008 Chapter 19 Section 3: Evolution of Life Key Vocabulary Terms Adapted from Holt Biology 2008 Cyanobacteria Photosynthetic prokaryotes Adapted
More informationTheory a well supported testable explanation of phenomenon occurring in the natural world.
Evolution Theory of Evolution Theory a well supported testable explanation of phenomenon occurring in the natural world. Evolution the process by which modern organisms changed over time from ancient common
More informationDarwin s Theory of Evolution
Darwin s Theory of Evolution The Puzzle of Life s Diversity Evolution = the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms. Theory = a well-supported testable explanation of phenomena
More informationEvolution Notes Darwin and His Ideas
Evolution Notes Darwin and His Ideas Charles Darwin Charles Darwin was born in 1809 (on the same day as Abraham Lincoln) In Darwin s day, scientists were just starting to come around to the idea the Earth
More informationNOTES Ch 17: Genes and. Variation
NOTES Ch 17: Genes and Vocabulary Fitness Genetic Drift Punctuated Equilibrium Gene flow Adaptive radiation Divergent evolution Convergent evolution Gradualism Variation 17.1 Genes & Variation Darwin developed
More informationEvolution and Darwin
Evolution and Darwin Evolution The processes that have transformed life on earth from it s earliest forms to the vast diversity that characterizes it today - Darwin Old Theories of Evolution Jean Baptiste
More informationEvolution Problem Drill 09: The Tree of Life
Evolution Problem Drill 09: The Tree of Life Question No. 1 of 10 Question 1. The age of the Earth is estimated to be about 4.0 to 4.5 billion years old. All of the following methods may be used to estimate
More informationEVOLUTION. Evolution - changes in allele frequency in populations over generations.
EVOLUTION Evolution - changes in allele frequency in populations over generations. Sources of genetic variation: genetic recombination by sexual reproduction (produces new combinations of genes) mutation
More information15 Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection 15-1 The Puzzle of Life's Diversity
15-1 The Puzzle of Life's Diversity Study the photo of leaves... What else do you see? How did the Leaf Mantis come to look like decaying leaves? Define evolution in its simplest meaning? Review the meaning
More informationLab 2A--Life on Earth
Lab 2A--Life on Earth Geology 1402 Chapters 3 & 7 in the textbook 1 A comment Many people including professional scientist are skeptical of evolution or outright reject it. I am not attempting to change
More informationFossils Biology 2 Thursday, January 31, 2013
Fossils Biology 2 Evolution Change in the genetic composition of a group of organisms over time. Causes: Natural Selection Artificial Selection Genetic Engineering Genetic Drift Hybridization Mutation
More informationVocabulary List: Instructions: blackout
Artificial Selection Competition Fitness Adaptation Natural Selection Descent with Modification Common Ancestor Fossil Record Geographic Distribution Homologous Body Structures Vestigial Organs Similarities
More informationTheory of Evolution. Evolution The process of change over time. Specifically, a change in the frequency of a gene or allele in a population over time
Theory of Evolution Learning Goals Define "Evolution" & "Natural Selection". Describe the 4 steps of Natural Selection, giving an example of each. Explain the importance of "Variation". Does Natural Selection
More informationChapter 14. The History of the Earth and the Beginning of Life
Chapter 14 The History of the Earth and the Beginning of Life Hypothesis of early Earth Very hot surface from colliding meteorites Very hot planet core from radioactive materials Volcanoes spewing lava
More informationName Date Class. Patterns of Evolution
Concept Mapping Patterns of Evolution Complete the flowchart about patterns of evolution. These terms may be used more than once: adaptive radiation, change in response to each other, convergent evolution,
More informationEVOLUTION. c. problem: Lamarck did not know how traits were inherited
EVOLUTION I. Evolution accounts for the diversity of life on Earth Evolution = change over time process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms II. Theories of Evolution A. Scientific
More informationNatural Selection. Charles Darwin & Alfred Russell Wallace
Natural Selection Charles Darwin & Alfred Russell Wallace Darwin s Influences Darwin observed such variations in species on his voyage as a naturalist on the HMS Beagle Darwin s Influences Kept vast diaries
More informationFinal Revision G8 Biology ( ) Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Final Revision G8 Biology ( 2017-2018 ) Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1 A species is a group of similar organisms that A can mate with each
More informationUnit 9 - Evolution Practice Quiz
Unit 9 - Evolution Practice Quiz Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Lamarck s theory of evolution includes the concept that new organs in
More informationTheory of Evolution. Descent with Modification
Theory of Evolution Descent with Modification Questions, questions, and one more question What does evolution mean? Genetic change of a population over time. Short or long? Both, can you think of some
More informationChapter 22: Descent with Modification 1. BRIEFLY summarize the main points that Darwin made in The Origin of Species.
AP Biology Chapter Packet 7- Evolution Name Chapter 22: Descent with Modification 1. BRIEFLY summarize the main points that Darwin made in The Origin of Species. 2. Define the following terms: a. Natural
More informationMisconception: Evolution is a theory about the origin of life
Misconception: Evolution is a theory about the origin of life What can account for the diversity of life? I. Evolution accounts for the diversity of life on Earth Evolution = change over time in inherited
More informationPlease Do Not Write On The Charles Darwin and Evolution Study Guide Practice test Practice Test Multiple Choice
Please Do Not Write On The Charles Darwin and Evolution Study Guide Practice test Practice Test Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
More informationDarwin s Theory of Natural Selection
Darwin s Theory of Natural Selection Question: Has Life Ever Changed? In 1700 s, scientists examined fossils that showed how extinct species look very different than they do today. Scientists began to
More informationBiology. Slide 1 of 40. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Biology 1 of 40 2 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life What is the fossil record? 3 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life The fossil record provides evidence about the history of life on Earth. It also shows how different
More informationA) Pre-Darwin History:
Darwin Notes A) Pre-Darwin History: Ancient Greek philosophers such as and believed species were permanent and did not evolve. These ideas prevailed for 2,000 years. In 1859 Charles Darwin published. This
More informationThe Theory of Evolution
Name Date Class CHAPTER 13 DIRECTED READING The Theory of Evolution Section 13-1: The Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection Darwin Proposed a Mechanism for Evolution Mark each statement below T if it
More informationHow to Use This Presentation
How to Use This Presentation To View the presentation as a slideshow with effects select View on the menu bar and click on Slide Show. To advance through the presentation, click the right-arrow key or
More informationSection 17-1 The Fossil Record (pages )
Name Class Date Section 17-1 The Fossil Record (pages 417-422) Key Concepts What is the fossil record? What information do relative dating and radioactive dating provide about fossils? What are the main
More informationCharles Darwin became a naturalist, a scientist who studies nature, during a voyage on the British ship HMS Beagle.
Theory of Evolution Darwin s Voyage What did Darwin observe? Charles Darwin became a naturalist, a scientist who studies nature, during a voyage on the British ship HMS Beagle. On his journey, Darwin observed
More informationCHAPTER 2--THE DEVELOPMENT OF EVOLUTIONARY THEORY
CHAPTER 2--THE DEVELOPMENT OF EVOLUTIONARY THEORY Student: 1. In Europe during the Middle Ages, it was believed that. A. all species had evolved from a common ancestor B. evolution was the result of natural
More informationEvolution Unit: What is Evolution?
Evolution Unit: What is Evolution? What is The Theory of Evolution? Evolution is, a change (in the genetic composition) of a population over time. on a larger scale, the entire biological history, from
More informationAlong his journey, Darwin kept notes on the variation in different species. His book, Origin of Species, outlined his findings & theories in 1859.
CHARLES DARWIN Born February 12, 1809 At the age of 16 entered medical school in England and flunked out His dad sent him to Univ. of Cambridge in 1827 to study divinity 1831: Darwin left Cambridge and
More informationFYI Charles Darwin. Theory of Evolution. Theory of Evolution. Theory of Evolution. Theory of Evolution. Lamarck s Theory
Mr. Saenz Biology Dept North Pitt High School FYI Charles Darwin Charles Darwin came from a family of doctors, and he almost became one, too. Both his father and grandfather were doctors, and they urged
More informationThe history of Life Section 19.1: The fossil record
The history of Life Section 19.1: The fossil record Fossils and Ancient Life Fossils provide information about extinct species Fossils can vary greatly Different sizes, types and degrees of preservation
More informationObjectives for Chapter: 22
Descent With Modification: A Darwinian View of Life Chapter 22 Objectives for Chapter: 22 1. Understand the following contributions made by the following as they relate to Darwin s Theory of evolution.
More informationWhere did all the diversity come from?
Evolution Where did all the diversity come from? Evolution change over time; the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms Charles Darwin contributed to the theory of evolution
More informationDarwin s Observations & Conclusions The Struggle for Existence
Darwin s Observations & Conclusions The Struggle for Existence 1 Voyage of the Beagle During His Travels, Darwin Made Numerous Observations And Collected Evidence That Led Him To Propose A Revolutionary
More information2. Slight differences among members of the same species that can be inherited Genetic Variation
CP Biology: Evolution Name: Per: Directions: Use your textbook to help you answer the practice questions for each chapter. It is important that you READ the chapter sections and not just search for the
More informationWhat is Evolution? Study of how things change over time
10.2 15 Darwin s Theory Observations of Evolution What is Evolution? Study of how things change over time 10.2 15 Darwin s Theory Observations of Evolution Theories of Evolution - Lamarck Jean Baptiste
More informationDarwin s Theory of Evolution Chapter 16
Darwin s Theory of Evolution Chapter 16 Darwin & Natural Selection Darwin s journey Darwin s Observations On his voyage, Darwin read Lyell s book As he visited different places, he began to see evidence
More informationEarth History. What is the Earth s time scale? Geological time Scale. Pre-Cambrian. FOUR Eras
The Earth is 4.6 billion years old! Earth History Mrs. Burkey ESS Cy Creek HS 17-18 If the Earth formed at midnight 6:00 am First life appears 10:00 pm First animals/plants on land 11:59 pm First humans
More informationI. Theories of Evolution Evolution: Adaptation: Jean Baptiste de Lamarck: a) Use & Disuse: b) Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics:
I. Theories of Evolution Evolution: Adaptation: Jean Baptiste de Lamarck: a) Use & Disuse: b) Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics: Figure 1: Lamarckian Evolution III. Darwin & Evolution The Voyage
More informationUnit 8: EVOLUTION NOTES
Unit 8: EVOLUTION NOTES Canale LE EVOLUTION is the change in gene frequency in a population over time. Generally, organisms change from simple to more complex, and happens over many generations. **Evolution
More informationEQ: How are genetic variations caused and how do they lead to natural selection?
EQ: How are genetic variations caused and how do they lead to natural selection? What is natural selection Individuals that have physical or behavioral traits that better suit their environment are more
More information16.1 Darwin s Voyage of Discovery Lesson Objectives State Charles Darwin s contribution to science.
16.1 Darwin s Voyage of Discovery Lesson Objectives State Charles Darwin s contribution to science. Describe the three patterns of biodiversity noted by Darwin. Darwin s Epic Journey 1. THINK VISUALLY
More information