TBM "Boreability" in Hard Rock
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1 JMConsulting-Rock Engineering TBM "Boreability" in Hard Rock Javier Macias, PhD Rock Engineering Consultant and Researcher JMConsulting-Rock Engineering AS Anvendt bergmekanikk , Trondheim
2 Outline Introduction What is rock boreability? Drillability Rock mass assessments Conclusive remarks 2
3 3 Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM)
4 TBMs in faulted rock 4 Rostami (2016)
5 5 Open TBM for hard rock
6 6 6
7 7 Cutterhead and cutter discs
8 8 Cutterhead and cutter discs
9 Hard rock tunnel boring 9 Intact rock Strength Brittleness Porosity Surface hardness Abrasivity Rock mass Plane of weakness Orientation Weakness zones Groundwater In-situ stress TBM diameter Cutter discs: Diameter Number Spacing Others Cutterhead rpm
10 10 Hard rock tunnel boring
11 Rock boreability TBM boreability can be defined as : The resistance (in terms of ease or difficulty) encountered by a TBM as it penetrates a rock mass (intact rock containing planes of weakness) Intact rock Drillability Rock mass 11
12 Rock boreability t 0 i M M 1 b (mm/rev) i 0 = basic penetration rate M t = gross cutter thrust M 1 = critical cutter thrust b = penetration coefficient 12 Modified from Bruland (2000)
13 Rock drillability "Ability of the intact rock to be drilled or bored" "Influence that intact rock properties on performance prediction and cost evaluations" Breakability Abrasivity 13
14 Rock drillability Main intact rock properties Strength Brittleness Surface hardness Wear capacity 14
15 Rock drillability Main intact rock properties Strength Brittleness Surface hardness Wear capacity 15
16 Rock drillability Main intact rock properties Strength Brittleness Surface hardness Wear capacity 16
17 Rock drillability Main intact rock properties Strength Brittleness Surface hardness Wear capacity 17
18 Rock drillability Main intact rock properties Strength Brittleness Surface hardness Wear capacity 18
19 19 Laboratory test methods: "Breakability" 19
20 20 Laboratory test methods: "Breakability"
21 21 Laboratory test methods: "Abrasivity"
22 Rock abrasivity testing Cerchar abrasivity test LCPC test Abrasion Value cutter Steel (AVS) test 22
23 23 Drillability assessments for hard rock Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) Rock Toughness Drilling Rate Index (DRI) Cutter Life Index (CLI) Cerchar (CAI) 23
24 24 Laboratory test methods: "Breakability"
25 Drillability assessments for hard rock Drilling Rate Index (DRI) Cutter Life Index (CLI) 25
26 26 Drillability assessments for hard rock
27 Drillability assessments for hard rock Drilling Rate Index (DRI) Cutter Life Index (CLI) 27
28 28 Laboratory test methods cutter wear
29 Rock Mass Assessments There is no single parameter that can fully represent the properties of jointed rock masses Rock mass classification Author Year Rock Quality Designation (RQD) D.U. Deere 1964 Rock Mass Rating (RMR) Z.T. Bieniawki 1973 Rock Tunnelling Quality Index (Q) N. Barton, R. Lien and J. Lunde 1974 Degree of fracturing (k s factor) NTNU (NTH) 1981 Rock Mass Index (RMi) A. Palmström Geological Strength Index (GSI) E. Hoek and E.T. Brown 1997
30 Rock Mass Assessments In hard rock tunnel boring: Discontinuities or planes of weakness in a rock mass contribute considerably to net penetration rate and cutter wear Degree of fracturing Orientation regarding to the tunnel alignment Joint characteristics (filling, persistence ) In/situ stress 30
31 Rock Mass Assessments Fracture Class (Sf) Average spacing between fractures a f (cm) Range class (cm) Degree of fracturing Non-fractured Extremely low Very low Low Medium High Very high Extremely high 31
32 32 Rock Mass Assessments
33 33 Rock Mass Assessments
34 34 Rock Mass Assessments
35 35 Rock Mass Assessments
36 36 Rock Mass Assessments
37 37 Rock Mass Assessments
38 38 Rock Mass Assessments
39 39 Rock Mass Assessments
40 Conclusive remarks Rock mass boreability is a comprehensive parameter: Intact rock properties Rock mass parameters Rock mass fracturing is found to be the geological factor that exerts the greatest influence on net penetration rate More effort should be emphasized on understanding the rock breaking process and tool wear tribological system 40
41 Takk!
42 42
43 Rock mass influence Introduction Objectives and research questions Research methodology Main results and discussion Main conclusions and outcomes Low boreability k ekv = 0.3 Spacing: 300 cm Angle 20 k s = 0.4 DRI=35 High boreability k ekv = 1.7 Spacing: 10 cm Angle 20 k s = 1.55 DRI=65 43
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