How to Use This Presentation
|
|
- Lorin Elliott
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 How to Use This Presentation To View the presentation as a slideshow with effects select View on the menu bar and click on Slide Show. To advance through the presentation, click the right-arrow key or the space bar. From the resources slide, click on any resource to see a presentation for that resource. From the screen click on any lesson to go directly to that lesson s presentation. You may exit the slide show at any time by pressing the Esc key.
2 Chapter Presentation Visual Concepts Transparencies Standardized Test Prep Brain Food Video Quiz
3 Weathering and Erosion Table of Contents Section 1 Weathering Processes Section 2 Rates of Weathering Section 3 Soil Section 4 Erosion
4 Section 1 Weathering Processes Objectives Identify three agents of mechanical weathering. Compare mechanical and chemical weathering processes. Describe four chemical reactions that decompose rock.
5 Section 1 Weathering Processes Weathering Processes weathering the natural process by which atmospheric and environmental agents, such as wind, rain, and temperature changes, disintegrate and decompose There are two main types of weathering processes mechanical weathering and chemical weathering. Each type of weathering has different effects on rock.
6 Section 1 Weathering Processes Mechanical Weathering mechanical weathering the process by which rocks break down into smaller pieces by physical means Mechanical weathering is strictly a physical process and does not change the composition of the rock. Common agents of mechanical weathering are ice, plants and animals, gravity, running water, and wind. Physical changes within the rock itself affect mechanical weathering.
7 Section 1 Weathering Processes Mechanical Weathering, continued Ice Wedging A type of mechanical weathering that occurs in cold climates is called ice wedging. Ice wedging occurs when water seeps into the cracks in rock and freezes. When the water freezes, its volume increases by about 10% and creates pressure on the surrounding rock. This process eventually splits the rock apart.
8
9 Section 1 Weathering Processes Mechanical Weathering, continued Abrasion abrasion the grinding and wearing away of rock surfaces through the mechanical action of other rock or sand particles Abrasion is caused by gravity, running water, and wind. Wind is another agent of abrasion.
10 Section 1 Weathering Processes Reading Check Describe two types of mechanical weathering.
11 Section 1 Weathering Processes Reading Check Describe two types of mechanical weathering. Two types of mechanical weathering are ice wedging and abrasion. Ice wedging is caused by water that seeps into cracks in rock and freezes. When water freezes, it expands and creates pressure on the rock, which widens and deepens cracks. Abrasion is the grinding away of rock surfaces by other rocks or sand particles. Abrasive agents may be carried by gravity, water, and wind.
12 Section 1 Weathering Processes Mechanical Weathering, continued Organic Activity Plants and animals are important agents of mechanical weathering. As plants grow, the roots grow and expand to create pressure that wedge rock apart. Earthworms and other animals that move soil expose new rock surfaces to both mechanical and chemical weathering.
13
14 Section 1 Weathering Processes Chemical Weathering chemical weathering the process by which rocks break down as a result of chemical reactions Chemical reactions commonly occur between rock, water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and acids. Bases can also chemically weather rock. Chemical weathering changes both the composition and physical appearance of the rock.
15 Section 1 Weathering Processes Chemical Weathering, continued Oxidation oxidation a reaction that moves one or more electrons from a substance such that the substance s valence or oxidation state increases; in geology, the process by which an element combines with oxygen Oxidation commonly occurs in rock that has ironbearing minerals, such as hematite and magnetite.
16 Section 1 Weathering Processes Chemical Weathering, continued Oxidation, continued Iron, Fe, in rocks and soil combines quickly with oxygen, O 2, that is dissolved in water to form rust, or iron oxide, Fe 2 O 3. 4Fe + 3O 2 2Fe 2 O 3 The red color of much of the soil in the southeastern United States is due to mainly the presence of iron oxide produced by oxidation.
17 Section 1 Weathering Processes Reading Check Describe two effects of chemical weathering.
18 Section 1 Weathering Processes Reading Check Describe two effects of chemical weathering. Two effects of chemical weathering are changes in the chemical composition and changes in the physical appearance of a rock.
19 Section 1 Weathering Processes Chemical Weathering, continued Hydrolysis hydrolysis a chemical reaction between water and another substance to form two or more new substances Water plays a crucial role in chemical weathering. Minerals that are affected by hydrolysis often dissolve in water. Water can then carry the dissolved minerals to lower layers of rock in a process called leaching.
20 Section 1 Weathering Processes Chemical Weathering, continued The image below shows how water plays a crucial role in chemical weathering.
21 Section 1 Weathering Processes Chemical Weathering, continued Carbonation carbonation the conversion of a compound into a carbonate When carbon dioxide, CO 2, from the air dissolves in water, H 2 O, a weak acid called carbonic acid, H 2 CO 3, forms. H 2 O + CO 2 H 2 CO 3 Carbonic acid has a higher concentration of hydronium ions than pure water does, which speeds up the process of hydrolysis.
22 Section 1 Weathering Processes Chemical Weathering, continued Organic Acids Acids are produced naturally by certain living organisms. Lichens and mosses grow on rocks and produce weak acids that can weather the surface of the rock. The acids seep into the rock and produce cracks that eventually cause the rock to break apart.
23 Section 1 Weathering Processes Chemical Weathering, continued Acid Precipitation acid precipitation precipitation, such as rain, sleet, or snow, that contains a high concentration of acids, often because of the pollution of the atmosphere Acid precipitation weathers rock faster than ordinary precipitation does. Rainwater is slightly acidic because it combines with small amounts of carbon dioxide.
24 Section 1 Weathering Processes Chemical Weathering, continued Acid Precipitation, continued But when fossil fuels, especially coal, are burned, nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxides are released into the air. These compounds combine with water in the atmosphere to produce nitric acid, nitrous acid, or sulfuric acid. The occurrence of acid precipitation has been greatly reduced since power plants have installed scrubbers that remove much of the sulfur dioxide before it can be released.
25 Section 1 Weathering Processes Ice Wedging
26 Section 2 Rates of Weathering Objectives Explain how rock composition affects the rate of weathering. Discuss how surface area affects the rate at which rock weathers. Describe the effects of climate and topography on the rate of weathering.
27 Section 2 Rates of Weathering Rates of Weathering The processes of mechanical and chemical weathering generally work very slowly. The rate at which rock weathers depends on a number of factors, including rock composition, climate, and topography.
28 Section 2 Rates of Weathering Differential Weathering differential weathering the process by which softer, less weather resistant rocks wear away at a faster rate than harder, more weather resistant rocks do When igneous rocks that are rich in the mineral quartz are exposed on Earth s surface, they remain basically unchanged, even after all of the surrounding sedimentary rock has weathered away. They remain unchanged because the chemical composition and crystal structure of quartz make quartz resistant to chemical weathering.
29 Section 2 Rates of Weathering Rock Composition Limestone and other sedimentary rocks that contain calcite are weathered most rapidly. They weather rapidly because they commonly undergo carbonation. Other sedimentary rocks are affected mainly by mechanical weathering processes. The rates at which these rocks weather depend mostly on the material that holds the sediment grains together. For example, shales and sandstones that are not firmly cemented together gradually break up to become clay and sand particles.
30 Section 2 Rates of Weathering Amount of Exposure Surface Area Both chemical and mechanical weathering may split rock into a number of smaller rocks. The part of a rock that is exposed to air, water, and other agents of weathering is called the rock s surface area. As a rock breaks into smaller pieces, the surface area that is exposed increases.
31 Section 2 Rates of Weathering Amount of Exposure, continued The image below shows the ratio of total surface area to volume.
32 Section 2 Rates of Weathering Amount of Exposure, continued Fractures and Joints Most rocks on Earth s surface contain natural fractures and joints. These structures are natural zones of weakness within the rock. Fractures and joints increase the surface area of a rock and allow weathering to take place more rapidly. They also form natural channels through which water flows.
33 Section 2 Rates of Weathering Reading Check How do fractures and joints affect surface area?
34 Section 2 Rates of Weathering Reading Check How do fractures and joints affect surface area? Fractures and joints in a rock increase surface area and allow weathering to occur more rapidly.
35 Section 2 Rates of Weathering Climate In general, climates that have alternating periods of hot and cold weather allow the fastest rates of weathering. In warm, humid climates, chemical weathering is also fairly rapid. The constant moisture is highly destructive to exposed surfaces. The slowest rates of weathering occur in hot, dry climates. The lack of water limits many weathering processes, such as carbonation and ice wedging. Weathering is also slow in very cold climates.
36 Section 2 Rates of Weathering Topography Because temperatures are generally cold at high elevations, ice wedging is more common at high elevations than at low elevations. On steep slopes, such as mountainsides, weathered rock fragments are pulled downhill by gravity and washed out by heavy rains. As a result of the removal of these surface rocks, new surfaces of the mountain are continually exposed to weathering.
37 Section 2 Rates of Weathering Human Activities Mining and construction often expose rock surfaces to agents of weathering. Mining also often exposes rock to strong acids and other chemical compounds that are used in mining processes. Recreational activities such as hiking or riding allterrain vehicles can also speed up weathering by exposing new rock surfaces. Rock that is disturbed or broken by human activities weathers more rapidly than undisturbed rock does.
38 Section 2 Rates of Weathering Plant and Animal Activities Rock that is disturbed or broken by plants or animals also weathers more rapidly than undisturbed rock does. The roots of plants and trees often break apart rock. Burrowing animals dig holes into rock and soil. Some biological wastes of animals can cause chemical weathering.
39
40 Section 2 Rates of Weathering Dissolving Process
41 Section 3 Soil Objectives Summarize how soil forms. Explain how the composition of parent rock affects soil composition. Describe the characteristic layers of mature residual soils. Predict the type of soil that will form in arctic and tropical climates.
42 Section 3 Soil Soil soil a loose mixture of rock fragments and organic material that can support the growth of vegetation One result of weathering is the formation of regolith, a layer of weathered rock fragments that covers much of Earth s surface. Bedrock is the solid, unweathered rock that lies beneath the regolith.
43 Section 3 Soil Characteristics of Soil The characteristics of soil depend mainly on the rock from which the soil was weathered, which is called the soil s parent rock. Soil Composition Soil composition refers to the materials of which it is made. The color of soil is related to the composition of the soil. Soil moisture can also affect color.
44 Section 3 Soil Characteristics of Soil, continued Soil Texture Rock material in soil consists of three main types: clay, silt, and sand. Clay particles have a diameter of less than mm. Silt particles have a diameter from to 0.06 mm. Sand particles have diameters from 0.06 to 2mm. The proportion of clay, silt, and sand in soil depends on the soil s parent rock.
45 Section 3 Soil Soil Profile soil profile a vertical section of soil that shows the layers of horizons horizon a horizontal layer of soil that can be distinguished from the layers above and below it; also a boundary between two rock layers that have different physical properties Transported soils are commonly deposited in unsorted masses. However, residual soils commonly develop distinct layers over time.
46 Section 3 Soil Soil Profile, continued humus dark, organic material formed in soil from the decayed remains of plants and animals Residual soils generally consist of three main horizons. The A horizon, or topsoil, is a mixture of organic materials and small rock particles. The B horizon or subsoil, contains the minerals leached from the topsoil, clay, and sometimes, humus. The C horizon consists of partially-weathered bedrock.
47 Section 3 Soil Soil Profile, continued The image below shows the soil horizons of residual soils.
48 Section 3 Soil Soil and Climate Climate is one of the most important factors that influences soil formation. Climate determines the weathering processes that occur in a region. These weathering processes, in turn, help determine the composition of soil.
49 Section 3 Soil Soil and Climate, continued Tropical Soils In humid tropical climates, where much rain falls and where temperatures are high, chemical weathering causes thick soils to develop rapidly. Leached minerals from the A horizon sometimes collect in the B horizon. Heavy rains, which are common in tropical climates, cause a lot of leaching of the topsoil, and thus keep the A horizon thin. A thin layer of humus usually covers the B horizon.
50 Section 3 Soil Soil and Climate, continued Temperate Soils In temperate climates, where temperatures range between cool and warm and here rainfall is not excessive, both mechanical and chemical weathering occur. All three soil horizons in temperate soils may reach a thickness of several meters.
51 Section 3 Soil Reading Check Compare the formation of tropical soils and temperate soils.
52 Section 3 Soil Reading Check Compare the formation of tropical soils and temperate soils. Large amounts of rainfall and high temperatures cause thick soils to form in both tropical and temperate climates. Tropical soils have thin A horizons because of the continuous leaching of topsoil. Temperate soils have three thick layers, because leaching of the A horizon in temperate climates is much less than leaching of the A horizon in tropical climates.
53 Section 3 Soil Soil and Climate, continued Desert and Arctic Soils In desert and arctic climates, rainfall is minimal and chemical weathering occurs slowly. As a result, the soil is thin and consists mostly of regolith evidence that soil in these areas form mainly by mechanical weathering. Desert and arctic climates are also often too warm or too cold to sustain life, so their soils have little humus.
54 Section 3 Soil Soil and Climate, continued Soil and Topography Because rainwater runs down slopes, much of the topsoil of the slope washes away. Therefore, the soil at the top and bottom of a slope tends to be thicker than the soil on the slope. Topsoil that remains on a slope is often too thin to support dense plant growth.
55 Section 3 Soil Soils and the Effects of Climate
56 Section 4 Erosion Objectives Define erosion, and list four agents of erosion. Identify four farming methods that conserve soil. Discuss two ways gravity contributes to erosion. Describe the three major landforms shaped by weathering and erosion.
57 Section 4 Erosion Erosion erosion a process in which the materials of Earth s surface are loosened, dissolved, or worn away and transported from one place to another by a natural agent, such as wind, water, ice, or gravity When rock weathers, the resulting rock particles do not always stay near the parent rock. Various forces may move weathered fragments of rock away from where the weathering occurred.
58 Section 4 Erosion Soil Erosion Ordinarily, new soil forms about as fast as existing soil erodes. Some farming and ranching practices increase soil erosion. Soil erosion is considered by some scientists to be the greatest environmental problem that faces the world today. This erosion prevents some countries from growing the crops needed to prevent widespread famine.
59 Section 4 Erosion Soil Erosion, continued Gullying and Sheet Erosion One farming technique that can accelerate soil erosion is the plowing of furrows, or long, narrow rows. As soil is washed away with each rainfall, a furrow becomes larger and forms a small gully. Eventually land that is plowed in this way can become covered with deep gullies. This type of accelerated soil erosion is called gullying.
60 Section 4 Erosion Soil Erosion, continued Gullying and Sheet Erosion, continued sheet erosion the process by which water flows over a layer of soil and removes the topsoil Another type of soil erosion strips away parallel layers of top soil. Sheet erosion may occur where continuous rainfall washes away layers of the topsoil. Wind also can cause sheet erosion during unusually dry periods.
61 Section 4 Erosion Soil Erosion, continued The image below shows a map of soil vulnerability worldwide to erosion by water.
62 Section 4 Erosion Reading Check Describe one way a dust storm may form, and explain how a dust storm can affect the fertility of land.
63 Section 4 Erosion Reading Check Describe one way a dust storm may form, and explain how a dust storm can affect the fertility of land. Dust storms may form during droughts when the soil is made dry and loose by lack of moisture and windcaused sheet erosion carries it away in clouds of dust. If all of the topsoil is removed, the remaining subsoil will not contain enough nutrients to raise crops.
64
65
66
67 Section 4 Erosion Soil Erosion, continued Results of Soil Erosion Constant erosion reduces the fertility of the soil be removing the A horizon, which contains the fertile humus. The B horizon, which does not contain much organic matter, is difficult to farm because it is much less fertile than the A horizon. Without plants, the B horizon has nothing to protect it from further erosion. So, within a few years, all the soil layers could be removed by continuous erosion.
68 Section 4 Erosion Soil Conservation Certain farming and grazing techniques and construction projects can also increase the rate of erosion. This land clearing removes protective ground cover plants and accelerates topsoil erosions. But rapid, destructive soil erosion can be prevented by soil conservation methods.
69 Section 4 Erosion Soil Conservation, continued Contour Plowing Farmers in countries around the world use planting techniques to reduce soil erosion. In one method, called contour plowing, soil is plowed in curved bands that follow the contour, or shape of the land. This method of planting prevents water from flowing directly down slopes, so the method prevents gullying.
70 Contour Plowing
71 Section 4 Erosion Soil Conservation, continued Strip-Cropping In strip-cropping, crops are planted in alternating bands. The cover crop protects the soil by slowing the runoff of rainwater. Strip-cropping is often combined with contour plowing. The combination of these two methods can reduce soil erosion by 75%.
72
73 Section 4 Erosion Soil Conservation, continued Terracing The construction of steplike ridges that follow the contours of a sloped field is called terracing. Terraces, especially those used for growing rice in Asia, prevent or slow the downslope movement of water and thus prevent rapid erosion.
74
75 Section 4 Erosion Soil Conservation, continued Crop Rotation In crop rotation, farmers plant one type of crop one year and a different type of crop the next. For example, crops that expose the soil to the full effects of erosion may be planted one year, and a cover crop will be planted the next year. Crop rotation stops erosion in its early stages, which allows small gullies that formed during one growing season to fill with soil during the next one.
76 Section 4 Erosion Gravity and Erosion mass movement the movement of a large mass of sediment or a section of land down a slope Gravity causes rock fragments to move down inclines. Some mass movements occur rapidly, and others occur very slowly.
77 Section 4 Erosion Gravity and Erosion, continued Rockfalls and Landslides The most dramatic and destructive mass movements occur rapidly. The fall of rock from a steep cliff is called a rockfall. A rockfall is the fastest kind of mass movement. When masses of loose rock combined with soil suddenly fall down a slope, the event is called a landslide. Heavy rainfall, spring thaws, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes can trigger landslides.
78
79
80 Section 4 Erosion Reading Check What is the difference between a rockfall and a landslide?
81 Section 4 Erosion Reading Check What is the difference between a rockfall and a landslide? Landslides are masses of loose rock combined with soil that suddenly fall down a slope. A rockfall consists of rock falling from a steep cliff.
82 Section 4 Erosion Gravity and Erosion, continued Mudflows and Slumps The rapid movement of a large amount of mud creates a mudflow. Mudflows occur in dry, mountainous regions during sudden, heavy rainfall or as a result of volcanic eruptions. Mud churns and tumbles as it moves down slopes and through valleys, and it frequently spreads out in a large fan shape at the base of the slope.
83
84 Section 4 Erosion Gravity and Erosion, continued Mudflows and Slumps, continued Sometimes, a large block of soil and rock becomes unstable and moves downhill in one piece. The block of soil then slides along the curved slope of the surface. This type of movement is called a slump. Slumping occurs along very steep slopes. Saturation by water and loss of friction within underlying rock causes loose soil to slip downhill over the solid rock.
85
86
87
88 Section 4 Erosion Gravity and Erosion, continued Solifluction solifluction the slow, downslope flow of soil saturated with water in areas surrounding glaciers at high elevations Solifluction occurs in arctic and mountainous climates where the subsoil is permanently frozen. In the spring and summer, only the top layer of soil thaws. Solifluction can also occur in warmer regions, where the subsoil consists of hard clay.
89 Section 4 Erosion Gravity and Erosion, continued Creep creep the slow downhill movement of weathered rock material Soil creep moves the most soil of all types of mass movements. But creep may go unnoticed unless buildings, fences, or other surface objects move along with the soil. Many factors contribute to soil creep.
90 Section 4 Erosion Erosion and Landforms landforms a physical feature of Earth s surface There are three major landforms that are shaped by weathering and erosion mountains, plains, and plateaus. Minor landforms include hills, valleys, and dunes. All landforms are subject to two opposing processes. One process bends, breaks and lifts Earth s crust and thus creates elevated, or uplifted, landforms. The other process is weathering and erosion, which wears down land surfaces.
91 Section 4 Erosion Erosion and Landforms, continued Erosion of Mountains During the early stages in the history of a mountain, the mountain undergoes uplift. When the forces stop uplifting the mountain, weathering and erosion wear down the rugged peaks to rounded peaks and gentle slopes. Over millions of years, mountains that are not being uplifted become low, featureless surfaces. These areas are called peneplains, which means almost flat.
92 Section 4 Erosion Reading Check Describe how a mountain changes after it is no longer uplifted.
93 Section 4 Erosion Reading Check Describe how a mountain changes after it is no longer uplifted. When a mountain is no longer being uplifted, weathering and erosion wear down its jagged peaks to low, featureless surfaces called peneplains.
94 Section 4 Erosion Erosion and Landforms, continued Erosion of Plains and Plateaus A plain is a relatively flat landform near sea level. A plateau is a broad, flat landform that has a high elevation. A plateau is subject to much more erosion than a plain. The effect of weathering and erosion on a plateau depends on the climate and the composition and structure of the rock.
95 Section 4 Erosion Erosion and Landforms, continued Erosion of Plains and Plateaus, continued As a plateau ages, erosion may dissect the plateau into smaller, tablelike areas called mesas. Mesas ultimately erode to small, narrow-topped formations called buttes.
96 Mesas
97 Buttes
98 Monument Valley, AZ
99 Section 4 Erosion Mass Movement and Angle of Repose
100 Weathering and Erosion Brain Food Video Quiz
101 Maps in Action Maps in Action Soil Map of North Carolina
102 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice 1. The processes of physical weathering and erosion shape Earth s landforms by A. expanding the elevation of Earth s surface B. decreasing the elevation of Earth's surface C. changing the composition of Earth s surface D. bending rock layers near Earth s surface
103 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 1. The processes of physical weathering and erosion shape Earth s landforms by A. expanding the elevation of Earth s surface B. decreasing the elevation of Earth's surface C. changing the composition of Earth s surface D. bending rock layers near Earth s surface
104 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 2. Which of the following rocks is most likely to weather quickly? F. a buried rock in a mountain G. an exposed rock on a plain H. a buried rock in a desert I. an exposed rock on a slope
105 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 2. Which of the following rocks is most likely to weather quickly? F. a buried rock in a mountain G. an exposed rock on a plain H. a buried rock in a desert I. an exposed rock on a slope
106 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 3. The red color of rocks and soil containing iron-rich minerals is caused by A. chemical weathering B. mechanical weathering C. abrasion D. erosion
107 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 3. The red color of rocks and soil containing iron-rich minerals is caused by A. chemical weathering B. mechanical weathering C. abrasion D. erosion
108 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 4. In which of the following climates does chemical weathering generally occur most rapidly? F. cold, wet climates G. cold, dry climates H. warm, humid climates I. warm, dry climates
109 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 4. In which of the following climates does chemical weathering generally occur most rapidly? F. cold, wet climates G. cold, dry climates H. warm, humid climates I. warm, dry climates
110 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 5. Which of the following has the greatest impact on soil composition? A. activity of plants and animals B. characteristics of the parent rock C. amount of precipitation D. shape of the land
111 Standardized Test Prep Multiple Choice, continued 5. Which of the following has the greatest impact on soil composition? A. activity of plants and animals B. characteristics of the parent rock C. amount of precipitation D. shape of the land
112 Standardized Test Prep Short Response, continued 6. In what type of decomposition reaction do hydrogen ions from water displace elements in a mineral?
113 Standardized Test Prep Short Response, continued 6. In what type of decomposition reaction do hydrogen ions from water displace elements in a mineral? hydrolysis
114 Standardized Test Prep Short Response, continued 7. Sand carried by wind is responsible for what type of mechanical weathering?
115 Standardized Test Prep Short Response, continued 7. Sand carried by wind is responsible for what type of mechanical weathering? abrasion
116 Standardized Test Prep Reading Skills Read the passage below. Then, answer questions How Rock Becomes Soil Earthworms are crucial for forming soil. As they search for food by digging tunnels, they expose rocks and minerals to the effects of weathering. Over time, this process creates new soil. Worms are not the only living things that help create soil. Plants also play a part in the weathering process. As the roots of plants grow and seek out water and nutrients, they help break large rock fragments into smaller ones. Have you ever seen a plant growing in a sidewalk? As the plant grows, its roots spread into tiny cracks in the sidewalk. These roots apply pressure to the cracks, and over time, the cracks become larger. As the plants make the cracks larger, ice wedging can occur more readily. As the cracks expand, more water can flow into them. When the water freezes, it expands and presses against the walls of the crack, which makes the crack larger. Over time, the weathering caused by water, plants, and worms helps break down rock to form soil.
117 Standardized Test Prep Reading Skills, continued 8. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage? A. Weathering can occur only when water freezes in cracks in rocks. B. Only large plants have roots that are powerful enough to increase the rate of weathering. C. Local biological activity may increase the rate of weathering in a given area. D. Plant roots often prevents weathering by filling cracks and keeping water out of cracks.
118 Standardized Test Prep Reading Skills, continued 8. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage? A. Weathering can occur only when water freezes in cracks in rocks. B. Only large plants have roots that are powerful enough to increase the rate of weathering. C. Local biological activity may increase the rate of weathering in a given area. D. Plant roots often prevents weathering by filling cracks and keeping water out of cracks.
119 Standardized Test Prep Reading Skills, continued 9. Ice wedging, as described in the passage, is an example of which of the following? F. oxidation G. mechanical weathering H. chemical weathering I. hydrolysis
120 Standardized Test Prep Reading Skills, continued 9. Ice wedging, as described in the passage, is an example of which of the following? F. oxidation G. mechanical weathering H. chemical weathering I. hydrolysis
121 Standardized Test Prep Reading Skills, continued 10.What are some ways not mentioned in the passage in which the activity of biological organisms may increase weathering?
122 Standardized Test Prep Reading Skills, continued 10.What are some ways not mentioned in the passage in which the activity of biological organisms may increase weathering? Answers should include: almost any activity initiated by a living organism that exposes rock and soil to wind or water would be an acceptable answer; construction by humans breaks up rocks and creates quarries, which contribute to weathering; tunneling animals, other than worms, churn and expose rocks in soil to the surface; rotting vegetation and animal waste may release acids that can help destroy rocks when the acids are mixed with groundwater.
123 Standardized Test Prep Interpreting Graphics Use the diagram below to answer questions 11 and 12. The diagram shows the soil profile of a mature soil.
124 Standardized Test Prep Interpreting Graphics, continued 11.Which of the layers in the soil profile above contains the greatest number of soil organisms? A. layer A B. layer B C. layer C D. layer D
125 Standardized Test Prep Interpreting Graphics, continued 11.Which of the layers in the soil profile above contains the greatest number of soil organisms? A. layer A B. layer B C. layer C D. layer D
126 Standardized Test Prep Interpreting Graphics, continued 12.Which two layers in the soil profile above are the least likely to contain the dark, organic material humus. F. layers A and B G. layers B and C H. layers C and D I. layers A and D
127 Standardized Test Prep Interpreting Graphics, continued 12.Which two layers in the soil profile above are the least likely to contain the dark, organic material humus. F. layers A and B G. layers B and C H. layers C and D I. layers A and D
128 Standardized Test Prep Interpreting Graphics Use the diagram of stone blocks to answer question 13.
129 Standardized Test Prep Interpreting Graphics, continued 13. If the blocks shown in diagrams A, B, and C above contain identical volumes and are made of the same types of minerals, will they weather at the same rate? Explain your answer.
130 Standardized Test Prep Interpreting Graphics, continued 13. If the blocks shown in diagrams A, B, and C above contain identical volumes and are made of the same types of minerals, will they weather at the same rate? Explain your answer. Answers should include: the eight small blocks in part C will weather most rapidly; students should relate the rate of weathering to the amount of exposed surface area available; students should examine the diagram and consider that the total surface area of each rectangular solid, or cube, is equal to the sum of the areas of each of the cube s six sides. The block shown in figure A has far less exposed surface than the blocks shown in figures B or C. If all conditions are equal, the more surface area that is available to experience weathering, the faster weathering will occur; even though the figures show the same volume and type of rock, the blocks of figure C would weather at the fastest rate due to their larger total surface area. The blocks of figure A would weather at the slowest rate.
131 Chemical Weathering
132 Surface Area
133 Soil Horizons of Residual Soils
134 Soil Erosion Vulnerability Map
135 Soil Map of North Carolina
Identify three agents of mechanical weathering. Compare mechanical and chemical weathering processes.
Objectives Identify three agents of mechanical weathering. Compare mechanical and chemical weathering processes. Describe four chemical reactions that decompose rock. #1 Weathering Processes weathering
More informationExplain how rock composition affects the rate of weathering. Discuss how surface area affects the rate at which rock weathers.
Objectives Explain how rock composition affects the rate of weathering. Discuss how surface area affects the rate at which rock weathers. Describe the effects of climate and topography on the rate of weathering.
More informationChapter 12 Weathering and Erosion
Chapter 12 Weathering and Erosion Multiple Choice Select the definition that most nearly defines the given word. 1. Landform A. chemical combination of metallic elements with oxygen B. layer of weathered
More informationEARTH S CHANGING SURFACE
EARTH S CHANGING SURFACE Weathering Together, weathering and erosion work continuously to wear down the material on Earth s surface. weathering process that breaks down rock and other substances of Earth
More informationRocks and Weathering
Rocks and Weathering The Effects of Weathering The process of mountain building thrusts rock up to Earth s surface. Weathering is the process that breaks down rock and other substances at Earth s surface.
More informationWeathering and Soil Formation. Chapter 10
Weathering and Soil Formation Chapter 10 Old and New Mountains The Appalachian Mountains appear very different from the Sierra Mountains. The Appalachians are smaller, rounded, gently sloping, and covered
More informationWeathering is the process by which rocks on or near Earth s surface break down and change. Spherical weathering near Paris, NC
Weathering Weathering is the process by which rocks on or near Earth s surface break down and change. Spherical weathering near Paris, NC The two types of weathering are Chemical and. Mechanical Mechanical
More informationWeathering, Soil, and Mass Movements
Tarbuck Lutgens Weathering, Soil, and Mass Movements 5.1 Weathering Mechanical Weathering Mechanical weathering occurs when physical forces break rock into smaller and smaller pieces without changing the
More informationWeathering is the process that breaks down rock and other substances at Earth s surface
Chapter 8 Notes Weathering is the process that breaks down rock and other substances at Earth s surface Factors that contribute to weathering Heat Cold Water Ice O 2 & CO 2 in the atmosphere Examples of
More informationBiosphere. All living things, plants, animals, (even you!) are part of the zone of the earth called the biosphere.
Unit 1 Study Guide Earth s Spheres Biosphere All living things, plants, animals, (even you!) are part of the zone of the earth called the biosphere. Hydrosphere Water covers ¾ of the earth, made up mostly
More informationWeathering, Erosion and Deposition
Weathering, Erosion and Deposition Shaping the Earth s Surface Weathering the process of breaking down rocks into smaller fragments Erosion the transport of rock fragments from one location to another
More informationChapter 6. Weathering, Erosion, and Soil
Chapter 6 Weathering, Erosion, and Soil Introduction Rocks and minerals disintegrate and decompose by the processes of physical and chemical weathering. This breakdown occurs because the parent material
More informationUnit 3 Study Guide -- Greenberg science, 6C
Unit 3 Study Guide -- Greenberg science, 6C Name Pd. Date / / 2018 + +5 extra credit points on the test if submitted complete and correct ON THE TEST DATE. + A copy can be found on my website mgreenberg.weebly.com
More informationSurface Processes on the Earth. Rocks, Weathering, Erosion and Soil
Surface Processes on the Earth Rocks, Weathering, Erosion and Soil ROCKS AND ROCK CYCLE Rock types Three main types of rock Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary Igneous Form when magma or lava cools and hardens
More informationMechanical Weathering
Weathering is the disintegration and decomposition of material at or near the surface. Erosion is the incorporation and transportation of material by a mobile agent, usually water, wind, or ice. Geologists
More informationIntroduction to Weathering
Name: Date: Period: Unit 9: Earth s Destructive Forces A. Kinds of Weathering Introduction to Weathering Distinguish between two major processes that change the Earth surface. Identify two types of weathering.
More informationSurface Events & Landforms. Mrs. Green
Surface Events & Landforms Mrs. Green Bell Work 1) Which event MOST likely causes the slowest change to the surface of Earth? a) Earthquake b) Landslide c) Volcano d) Wind 2) When cold weather freezes
More informationTopic 6: Weathering, Erosion and Erosional-Deposition Systems (workbook p ) Workbook Chapter 4, 5 WEATHERING
Topic 6: Weathering, Erosion and Erosional-Deposition Systems (workbook p. 95-125) Workbook Chapter 4, 5 THE BIG PICTURE: Weathering, erosion and deposition are processes that cause changes to rock material
More informationEarth systems the big idea guiding questions Chapter 1 & 2 Earth and Earth Systems review notes are in purple
Earth systems the big idea guiding questions Chapter 1 & 2 Earth and Earth Systems review notes are in purple How can you describe Earth? What are the composition and the structure of the atmosphere? How
More informationChapter: Weathering and Erosion
Chapter: Weathering and Erosion Section 1: Weathering and Soil Formation Minerals form rocks Rocks form soil Weathering Weathering is a mechanical or chemical surface process that breaks rocks into smaller
More informationHow does Rock become Exposed to the Surface?
Weathering How does Rock become Exposed to the Surface? Most rocks, like granite, form under earth s surface. The rocks uplift and eventually make their way to earth s surface. Conditions on the surface
More informationPractice Questions for Lecture 5 Geology 1200
Practice Questions for Lecture 5 Geology 1200 Use these questions to test your knowledge of Lecture5. The exams will be similar in format, except that they will deal with more than one chapter, and will
More informationWeathering. weathering involves breaking rocks without changing. As their roots grow and put pressure on rocks,
Text Pages 148 155 STUDY GUIDE Use the words to fill in the blanks of the paragraphs. Weathering plants pieces moisture ice wedging acids carbonic acid freezing chemical oxidation temperatures minerals
More informationEarth Science, 10e. Edward J. Tarbuck & Frederick K. Lutgens
Earth Science, 10e Edward J. Tarbuck & Frederick K. Lutgens Weathering, Soil, and Mass Wasting Chapter 3 Earth Science, 10e Stan Hatfield and Ken Pinzke Southwestern Illinois College Earth's external processes
More informationSection 7.1. Weathering. SES3a. Objectives
SES3a. Objectives Distinguish between mechanical and chemical weathering. Describe the different factors that affect mechanical and chemical weathering. Identify variables that affect the rate of weathering.
More information- Take a notes packet from trapezoid table. - Start vocab on notes packet
- Take a notes packet from trapezoid table. - Start vocab on notes packet Objectives: You will learn about weathering and its effects. You will learn to explain what mechanical weathering is and how it
More informationPHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. By Brett Lucas
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY By Brett Lucas WEATHERING & MASS WASTING Denudation Disintegration, wearing away, and removal of rock material Involves three activities: Weathering is the break down of rocks into smaller
More informationSection 1: Weathering and Soil Formation. We will study some of the processes that contribute to soil formation
Section 1: Weathering and Soil Formation We will study some of the processes that contribute to soil formation ***Minerals form rocks. The decomposition of rocks and minerals will form soil. Minerals are
More informationEngineering Geology ECIV 3302
Engineering Geology ECIV 3302 Instructor : Dr. Jehad Hamad 2019-2018 Chapter (5) Weathering & Soil Chapter 5: Weathering, Soil, and Mass Wasting External processes include : (1) Weathering (2) Mass wasting
More information2 Rates of Weathering
Name CHAPTER 10 Class Date Weathering and Soil Formation SECTION 2 Rates of Weathering National Science Education Standards BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these
More informationUNIT SEVEN: Earth s Water. Chapter 21 Water and Solutions. Chapter 22 Water Systems. Chapter 23 How Water Shapes the Land
UNIT SEVEN: Earth s Water Chapter 21 Water and Solutions Chapter 22 Water Systems Chapter 23 How Water Shapes the Land Chapter Twenty-Three: How Water Shapes the Land 23.1 Weathering and Erosion 23.2
More informationAnalyzing our Topic IF SO, MAKE THE CHANGES AND BE READY TO REPORT OUT!
Analyzing our Topic Look at the opening slide. Does anything there (words, pictures) make you want to change your thoughts from the smarties and chalk activities? IF SO, MAKE THE CHANGES AND BE READY TO
More informationWeathering, Mass Wasting and Karst
Weathering, Mass Wasting and Karst Capable of wearing down anything that the internal processes can build. Gravity, water, wind and ice Denudation - the overall effect of disintegration, wearing away and
More information1 Weathering. Critical Thinking 2. Infer Would ice wedging happen if water did not expand as it froze? Explain your answer.
CHAPTER 10 1 Weathering SECTION Weathering and Soil Formation BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is weathering? What causes mechanical weathering?
More informationWeathering, Erosion & Soils Quiz
Weathering, Erosion & Soils Quiz Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The diagram below shows a cross-section of a rock layer. Erosion is the
More informationEarth: An Introduction to Physical Geology Weathering and Soil
Chapter 6 Lecture Earth: An Introduction to Physical Geology Eleventh Edition Weathering and Soil Tarbuck and Lutgens Weathering Weathering involves the physical breakdown and chemical alteration of rock
More informationEarth and Space Science. Semester 2 Review, Part 2
Earth and Space Science Semester 2 Review, Part 2 2015 Chemical Weathering -The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes. Examples that cause chemical weathering include the action of water
More informationWeathering and Erosion
14 Chapter Chapter Outline 1 Weathering Processes Mechanical Weathering Chemical Weathering Weathering and Erosion 2 Rates of Weathering Differential Weathering Rock Composition Amount of Exposure Climate
More informationWhat is weathering and how does it change Earth s surface? Answer the question using
7 th Grade Lesson What is weathering and how does it change Earth s surface? Answer the question using the sentence frame. You have 4 minutes. Weathering is. This changes the Earth s surface because. 1
More informationWeathering, Erosion, Deposition, and Landscape Development
Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, and Landscape Development I. Weathering - the breakdown of rocks into smaller particles, also called sediments, by natural processes. Weathering is further divided into
More information6.E E Rock Cycle/Weathering/Soil
Name: Date: 1. A lake is surrounded by hills covered with trees and shrubs. Which statement correctly describes how a change to the plants in this area will affect this environment? A. Adding plants to
More informationTEACHER BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE. Surface Processes: Weathering and Erosion
TEACHER BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE Surface Processes: Weathering and Erosion Core Concepts Precipitation (caused by the water cycle) and wind cause rocks to be broken into smaller pieces in the process called
More informationRead Across America. Listen as I read for facts about Volcanoes. In the Shadow of the Volcano
Read Across America Listen as I read for facts about Volcanoes. In the Shadow of the Volcano Constructive & Destructive Processes Earth s surface is always changing. Blowing wind and flowing water causes
More information3 Erosion and Deposition by Ice
CHAPTER 12 3 Erosion and Deposition by Ice SECTION Agents of Erosion and Deposition BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What are glaciers? How do
More informationWEATHERING. Turning Rock to Sediment and Solutions 10/22/2012
WEATHERING Turning Rock to Sediment and Solutions Igneous rocks form at high temperatures; at the Earth s surface they are chemically unstable and will begin to disintegrate and decompose in a process
More informationD. Ask questions to identify types of weathering, agents of erosion and transportation, and environments of deposition.
Weathering, Soil, Erosion, and Deposition S6E5: Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information to show how Earth s surface is formed. C. Construct an explanation of how to classify rocks by their formation
More informationMechanical Weathering
Mechanical Weathering Objectives Students will be able to: Explain how weathering breaks down rock. Explain how a rock s surface area affects the rate of weathering. The Great Sphinx Of all the amazing
More informationEarth s Dynamic Surface
Earth s Dynamic Surface Key Concepts What is the difference between physical and chemical weathering? How do water, ice, and wind change Earth s surface? Changing Earth s Surface What do you think? Read
More informationWeathering & Erosion
Name Test Date Hour Earth Processes#1 - Notebook Weathering & Erosion LEARNING TARGETS I can explain the process of weathering. I can explain why weathering is important. I can describe the difference
More information1. Erosion by Running Water Most powerful cause of erosion
I. Destructive Forces Notes: Destructive force: a process in which land is destroyed or changed such as weathering and erosion. All landforms are a result of a combination of constructive and destructive
More informationWatch the next few slides. When the slides stop transitioning get with an elbow partner to discuss the events that caused the formation of the
Watch the next few slides. When the slides stop transitioning get with an elbow partner to discuss the events that caused the formation of the beautiful features. Be as specific as possible. Discuss
More informationThe Effect of Weather, Erosion, and Deposition in Texas Ecoregions
The Effect of Weather, Erosion, and Deposition in Texas Ecoregions 7.8B: I can analyze the effects of weathering, erosion, and deposition on the environment in ecoregions of Texas Weathering The breakdown
More informationWeathering/ Erosion/ Deposition in the Texas Ecoregions
Practice Test Study these answers Weathering/ Erosion/ Deposition in the Texas Ecoregions 1. In the Texas Panhandle, physical weathering by abrasion is usually caused by wind, water and gravity 2. Two
More informationTHE CHANGING SURFACE OF THE EARTH
THE CHANGING SURFACE OF THE EARTH Key words Drain geological agent weathering erosion Sediment deposition transport The landscape is a consequence of the action of two types of geological processes; internal
More informationScience and Health EFFECT OF EROSION ON THE CONDITION OF SOIL AND LAND SHAPE
4 Module 51 Science and Health EFFECT OF EROSION ON THE CONDITION OF SOIL AND LAND SHAPE A DepEd-BEAM Distance Learning Program supported by the Australian Agency for International Development To the Learner
More informationChapter 8: Lesson 1 Notes
Chapter 8: Lesson 1 Notes Mineral- a nonliving, naturally occurring solid that has its own regular arrangement of particles in it. Minerals are found in rocks and soil. There are more than 4,000 types
More informationWeathering, Erosion, Deposition
Weathering, Erosion, Deposition The breakdown of rocks at or near the Earth s Surface. Physical Chemical - The breakdown of rock into smaller pieces without chemical change. - Dominant in moist /cold conditions
More informationEARTH SCIENCE KESSEL
EARTH SCIENCE KESSEL Bell Ringer Explain the concept of matter.? s to answer that might help you in your explanation: 1. What is it? 2. What is it made of? 3. Does it have a shape? 4. How would you know
More informationChapter 6 9/25/2012. Weathering, Erosion and Soils. Introduction. How Are Earth Materials Altered? Introduction. How Are Earth Materials Altered?
Chapter 6 Introduction Rocks and minerals are disintegrated and decomposed by the processes of mechanical and chemical weathering. Weathering, Erosion and Soils This breakdown occurs because the parent
More informationScience EOG Review: Landforms
Mathematician Science EOG Review: Landforms Vocabulary Definition Term canyon deep, large, V- shaped valley formed by a river over millions of years of erosion; sometimes called gorges (example: Linville
More informationSection 5.1 Weathering This section describes different types of weathering in rocks.
Section 5.1 Weathering This section describes different types of weathering in rocks. Reading Strategy Building Vocabulary As you read the section, define each vocabulary term. For more information on
More informationc) metamorphosis d) rock transformation a) melting and cooling b) heat and pressure a) igneous rock b) sedimentary rock
Quizizz Rocks and Soil Name : Class : Date : 1. The process where rocks is transformed from one type to another is called a) rock cycle b) water cycle c) metamorphosis d) rock transformation 2. How are
More informationAnticipation Guide #4 Ice wedging is a form of chemical weathering Erosion is the process where rocks are broken down The most active erosion agent
Weathering Anticipation Guide #4 Ice wedging is a form of chemical weathering Erosion is the process where rocks are broken down The most active erosion agent on the planet is running water Gravity plays
More informationMass Wasting: The Work of Gravity
Chapter 15 Lecture Earth: An Introduction to Physical Geology Twelfth Edition Mass Wasting: The Work of Gravity Tarbuck and Lutgens Chapter 15 Mass Wasting The Importance of Mass Wasting Slopes are the
More informationWhat are the different ways rocks can be weathered?
Romano - 223 What are the different ways rocks can be weathered? Weathering - the breakdown of rocks and minerals at the Earth s surface 1. 2. PHYSICAL WEATHERING Rock is broken into smaller pieces with
More informationGeology 101. Reading Guides for Chapters 6 and 12
Geology 101 Name Chapter 6: Weathering and Soils (p. 160): Reading Guides for Chapters 6 and 12 This chapter is about the processes involved in the disintegration of rock. Weathering is often mistaken
More information1. The diagram below shows the stump of a tree whose root grew into a small crack in bedrock and split the rock apart.
1. The diagram below shows the stump of a tree whose root grew into a small crack in bedrock and split the rock apart. 4. Which process involves either a physical or chemical breakdown of earth materials?
More informationUnit 3 Review - Surface Processes
Unit 3 Review - Surface Processes 1. Why is the surface of Mercury covered with meteor impact craters, while Earth s surface has relatively few craters? A) Mercury is larger than Earth, so it gets hit
More information1. Any process that causes rock to crack or break into pieces is called physical weathering. Initial product = final product
Weathering 1. Any process that causes rock to crack or break into pieces is called physical weathering. Initial product = final product End Result of physical weathering is increased surface area. 2. Physical
More informationChapter 5: Weathering and Soils. Fig. 5.14
Chapter 5: Weathering and Soils Fig. 5.14 OBJECTIVES Recognize that weathering breaks down minerals and rocks and occurs as a result of both mechanical and chemical processes. Explain the processes that
More informationErosion and Deposition
CHAPTER 3 LESSON 2 Erosion and Deposition Landforms Shaped by Water and Wind Key Concepts What are the stages of stream development? How do water erosion and deposition change Earth s surface? How do wind
More informationPage 1. Weathering & Erosion by Mass Wasting Pre-Test. Name:
Weathering & Erosion by Mass Wasting Pre-Test 3048-1 - Page 1 Name: 1) As a particle of sediment in a stream breaks into several smaller pieces, the rate of weathering of the sediment will A) increase
More informationMass Wasting. Revisit: Erosion, Transportation, and Deposition
Mass Wasting Revisit: Erosion, Transportation, and Deposition While landslides are a normal part of erosion and surface processes, they can be very destructive to life and property! - Mass wasting: downslope
More informationWhat factors affect the angle of a slope?
Climate Rock type and Structure What factors affect the angle of a slope? Aspect Fast mass movements Slides: Slides are movements along the SLIP PLANE, i.e. a line of weakness in the rock or soil structure.
More informationEcoregions Glossary. 7.8B: Changes To Texas Land Earth and Space
Ecoregions Glossary Ecoregions The term ecoregions was developed by combining the terms ecology and region. Ecology is the study of the interrelationship of organisms and their environments. The term,
More informationUnderstanding Earth Fifth Edition
Understanding Earth Fifth Edition Grotzinger Jordan Press Siever Chapter 16: WEATHERING, EROSION, AND MASS WASTING Interface Between Climate and Tectonics Lecturer: H Mohammadzadeh Assistant professors,
More informationChapter 5: Weathering and soils! Monument Valley, Utah!
Chapter 5: Weathering and soils! Monument Valley, Utah! weathering, erosion, and transportation! rocks on Earth s surface are constantly changed by "water, air, temperature changes and other factors! weathering
More informationChanges over Time: Destructive Processes
1 Name Date Changes over Time: Destructive Processes Earth s surface is always changing. Blowing wind and flowing water causes some changes. Moving rock deep inside Earth causes other changes. These processes
More informationWeathering, Erosion, and Deposition Guided Notes
1. Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition 2. Outline Section 1: Weathering Section 2: Erosion Section 3: Deposition Section 4: Case Study Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition Guided Notes 3. Section 1: Weathering
More informationCircle the best answer for each question. There are a total of 50 questions.
Winter Packet 2013 Name Period ircle the best answer for each question. There are a total of 50 questions. 1. What occurs when ions from the Sun hit air molecules and cause them to emit vivid colors of
More information1/6/ th Grade Earth s Surface. Chapter 3: Erosion and Deposition. Lesson 1 (Mass Movement)
Lesson 1 (Mass Movement) 7 th Grade Earth s Surface Chapter 3: Erosion and Deposition Weathering the chemical and physical processes that break down rock at Earth s surface Mechanical weathering when rock
More informationcore mantle crust the center of the Earth the middle layer of the Earth made up of molten (melted) rock
core the center of the Earth mantle the middle layer of the Earth made up of molten (melted) rock crust the surface layer of the Earth that includes the continents and oceans 1 continental drift the theory
More informationPhysical Geology, 15/e
Lecture Outlines Physical Geology, 15/e Plummer, Carlson & Hammersley Weathering and Soil Physical Geology 15/e, Chapter 5 Weathering, Erosion and Transportation Rocks exposed at Earth s surface are constantly
More informationPreliminaries to Erosion: Weathering and Mass Wasting
Preliminaries to Erosion: Weathering & Mass Wasting All things deteriorate in time. Virgil 1 Preliminaries to Erosion: Weathering and Mass Wasting Denudation The Impact of Weathering and Mass Wasting on
More informationWeathering and Erosion
Have you ever looked at the land around you and wondered how it was shaped? The geologic features that help define the world are still being shaped by the natural processes of weathering, erosion, and
More informationGrade 5 Hands on Science Weathering, Erosion and Deposition
Grade 5 Hands on Science Weathering, Erosion and Deposition Objective: To demonstrate and investigate the effect of weathering, water and wind erosion and the subsequent deposition into landforms. Background:
More informationBell Ringer. Are soil and dirt the same material? In your explanation be sure to talk about plants.
Bell Ringer Are soil and dirt the same material? In your explanation be sure to talk about plants. 5.3 Mass Movements Triggers of Mass Movements The transfer of rock and soil downslope due to gravity is
More informationMonument Valley, Utah. What weathering processes contributed to the development of these remarkable rock formations? Weathering Mechanisms
Monument Valley, Utah. What weathering processes contributed to the development of these remarkable rock formations? Weathering Includes Physical, Chemical, Biological processes WEATHERING CHAPTER 7 Weathering
More informationPratice Surface Processes Test
1. The cross section below shows the movement of wind-driven sand particles that strike a partly exposed basalt cobble located at the surface of a windy desert. Which cross section best represents the
More informationUnit 3 Rocks, Minerals, Soil Twitter Review Questions
Unit 3 Rocks, Minerals, Soil Twitter Review Questions U3-1: Which type of rock is most representative of a slow cooling process of molten material? (Be specific) - Answer: Intrusive Igneous Rock U3-2:
More informationFigure 1 The map shows the top view of a meandering stream as it enters a lake. At which points along the stream are erosion and deposition dominant?
1. In which type of climate does chemical weathering usually occur most rapidly? 1. hot and dry 3. cold and dry 2. hot and wet 4. cold and wet 2. Figure 1 The map shows the top view of a meandering stream
More informationSoil Formation. Lesson Plan: NRES B2-4
Soil Formation Lesson Plan: NRES B2-4 1 Anticipated Problems 1. What are five different factors that affect soil formation? 2. What are some different types of parent material that affect soils? 3. What
More informationWednesday, October 10 th
Wednesday, October 10 th Page 13a (left side) / Place Lab on table Objective: We will describe the different types of weathering and erosion and identify evidence of each type. Warm-up: 1. What is weathering?
More information7.5. Weathering Breaks Down Rocks
7.5 Weathering Breaks Down Rocks Preview the section and read the headings. How many types of weathering will you be learning about in this section? An old cemetery can be an interesting place to visit.
More information2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Weathering and Soil Earth - Chapter 6 Earth s External Processes Weathering the physical breakdown and chemical decomposition of rock Mass wasting the transfer of rock and soil downslope under the influence
More information2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Weathering and Soil Earth - Chapter 6 Earth s External Processes Weathering the physical breakdown and chemical decomposition of rock Mass wasting the transfer of rock and soil downslope under the influence
More informationWeathering, Soil, & Mass Movements. Chapter 5
Weathering, Soil, & Mass Movements Chapter 5 5.1 Weathering Weathering: the breaking down and changing of rocks at or near the Earth s surface. Basic part of the rock cycle. 2 main types: 1. Mechanical
More informationEssentials of Geology, 11e
Essentials of Geology, 11e and s Chapter 5 Instructor Jennifer Barson Spokane Falls Community College Geology 101 Stanley Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College Jennifer Cole Northeastern University Earth
More informationEROSION AND DEPOSITION
CHAPTER 8 EROSION AND DEPOSITION SECTION 8 1 Changing Earth s Surface (pages 252-255) This section explains how sediment is carried away and deposited elsewhere to wear down and build up Earth s surface.
More informationWeathering of Rocks. Weathering - Breakdown of rocks into pieces (sediment) 2 main types of weathering to rocks
Weathering of Rocks Weathering - Breakdown of rocks into pieces (sediment) 2 main types of weathering to rocks Mechanical weathering requires physical forces to break rocks into smaller pieces. Chemical
More information