Photo/Illustration Credits:

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Photo/Illustration Credits:"

Transcription

1

2 Photo/Illustration Credits: Cover: PHOTO 24/Getty Images; 2 Arnold Fisher/ Photo Researchers, Inc.; 3 Julie Woodhouse/Alamy; 4 (gypsum) Visuals Unlimited/Getty Images, (calcite) Julie Woodhouse/Alamy, (fluorite) Gary Retherford/Photo Researchers, Inc., (apatite) Mark Al Schneider/Photo Researchers, Inc., (talc) Ben Johnson/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 5 (feldspar) Visuals Unlimited/Corbis, (corundum) M. Claye/Jacana/ Photo Researchers, Inc., (quartz) Siede Preis/Photodisc/Getty Images, (gold) Charles D. Winters/Photo Researchers, Inc., (topaz) Astrid & Hanns Frieder-Michler/Photo Researchers, Inc., (diamond) Arnold Fisher/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 6 (granite) Joyce Photographics/Photo Researchers, Inc., (pumice) Alamy; 7 (feldspar) Visuals Unlimited/ Corbis, (basalt) Mark A. Schneider/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 8 Biophoto Associates/ Photo Researchers, Inc.; 9 George Bernard/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 10 Dirk Wiersma/ Photo Researchers, Inc.; 11 Siede Preis/Photodisc/Getty Images; 12 Corbis; 13 Corbis; 14 John Wang/Photodisc/Getty Images. If you have received these materials as examination copies free of charge, Harcourt School Publishers retains title to the materials and they may not be resold. Resale of examination copies is strictly prohibited and is illegal. Possession of this publication in print format does not entitle users to convert this publication, or any portion of it, into electronic format.

3 Copyright by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be addressed to School Permissions and Copyrights, Harcourt, Inc., 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, Florida Fax: HARCOURT and the Harcourt Logo are trademarks of Harcourt, Inc., registered in the United States of America and/or other jurisdictions. Printed in Mexico ISBN ISBN Visit The Learning Site!

4 Rocks are everywhere. Whether you walk up over a mountain or down into a valley, you are walking over rocks. Rocks are always under your feet, but sometimes they are above your head, too! People use rocks to build many of the bridges, buildings, statues, roads, and walls that you see every day.

5 You probably know that not all rocks are alike. Rocks are found in different sizes, shapes, and colors. But all rocks have one thing in common they are natural substances made up of one or more minerals. What is a mineral? A mineral is a naturally occurring, nonliving solid that has a specific chemical makeup and a repeating structure. Scientists call this repeating structure crystalline. You may already be familiar with several kinds of minerals. For example, you may know that salt is a mineral found in certain foods. You may also know that the mineral quartz is often used in watches and clocks, and that copper, a metal from a mineral ore, is used for electric wiring and pipes. Some minerals, such as diamonds and rubies, are gems, and are considered to be rare and valuable! These pictures illustrate just a few of the more than 2,000 different minerals identified on Earth.

6 Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. In fact, you can think of rocks as mineral mixtures. For this reason, the properties of a particular rock depend on the properties of the minerals that make up the rock. One property of a mineral is streak. Streak is the color of the powder left behind when you rub a mineral against a rough white tile, or streak plate. Usually the streak is the same color as the mineral. However, sometimes it is not. Streak is a useful property for mineral identification, because streak does not vary. For example, the mineral quartz is found in a variety of colors, but each color makes the same streak.

7 Luster describes the way a mineral s surface reflects light. Some minerals, such as pyrite and galena, have a metallic luster. They are shiny. Other minerals, such as talc and gypsum, have a nonmetallic luster. They appear dull or dark. Hardness is a mineral s ability to resist being scratched. Hardness is measured on the Mohs scale. The scale was developed by a German scientist named Frederick Mohs. In this scale, talc, the softest mineral, is classified as a 1. Diamond, the hardest mineral, is classified as a 10. Any mineral with a higher number on the scale can scratch any mineral with a lower number.

8 Scientists classify rocks based on how they form. There are three basic types. Rocks that form when melted rock cools and hardens are called igneous rocks. There are many different kinds of igneous rocks, containing different amounts and different kinds of minerals. For example, granite is an igneous rock made up of the minerals feldspar, quartz, and mica. Basalt is another igneous rock. It is made up mostly of the minerals feldspar and pyroxene. Different amounts and kinds of minerals are not the only differences in igneous rocks. Some igneous rocks are formed when melted rock cools and hardens below Earth s surface. Other igneous rocks are formed when melted rock flows out onto Earth s surface, where it cools and hardens very quickly.

9 You ve learned that minerals are substances with unique crystalline structures. You ve also learned that minerals make up rocks. When melted rock cools slowly, the crystals that make up the rock have time to grow. For this reason, igneous rocks that form underground have large crystals. An example of this type of rock is granite. When melted rock cools quickly, it hardens before mineral crystals can grow very large. As a result, igneous rocks that form above ground have small crystals. An example of an igneous rock that forms above ground, and therefore has small crystals, is basalt.

10 Some rocks form when little bits of rock in the bottoms of rivers, lakes, and oceans pile up over time. These bits of rock, called sediment, are pieces of larger rocks that have worn away over time. Sediment is carried away by wind and water and is set down, or deposited, in another place. The process by which sediment settles at the bottom of water or is dropped by wind is called deposition. Over a long time, layers of sediment can pile up, one layer over another. As the layers build up, the sediment at the bottom of the pile begins to change. Water dissolves some of the minerals in the sediment pile, forming a kind of cement. Cemented sediments form a type of rock called sedimentary rock.

11 There are different kinds of sedimentary rock. Some kinds form from large pieces of sediment, such as pebbles. Others contain small pieces of sediment, such as grains of sand. Some sedimentary rock forms mostly from one particular mineral or in one particular location. Sedimentary rock, like all rock, can be worn away by wind and water. Sediment from a sedimentary rock may be deposited in a different location or in a different way, forming a completely different sedimentary rock!

12 High heat and great pressure can change the texture of rock. A rock s texture is the way it looks and feels. When rock is changed in this way, the new rock is called metamorphic rock. Metamorphic rock can form from any other kind of rock igneous, sedimentary, or even other metamorphic rock. Some metamorphic rock is formed when mountains are built up on Earth. Suppose there is some granite somewhere under a huge mountain. The weight of the mountain squashes the rock. The pressure of the mountain also makes the rock very hot, since heat increases with pressure. The heat and pressure change the granite into a new kind of rock gneiss.

13 Metamorphic rock also forms on the floor of the ocean. Here, layers of sediment are piled up on top of one another to form sedimentary rock. In time, there will be enough pressure on the bottom layers of sedimentary rock to change them into metamorphic rock. Metamorphic rock also forms near some volcanoes. At volcanoes, melted rock rises above Earth s surface. You ve already learned how igneous rock forms from melted rock. Melted rock rising to Earth s surface sometimes melts rocks that have already formed, changing them into metamorphic rock.

14 Did you know that rocks are always changing? You might think that rocks never change. After all, a rock that you saw a year ago probably looks the same today. Rocks do change, but the changes usually happen so slowly that you don t notice them. Rocks at Earth s surface are exposed to wind, rain, heat, snow, and ice. These forces wear away rocks. They may cause rocks to crumble, crack, and break. The process of wearing away rocks by these natural processes is called weathering. You may have seen the effects of weathering on old tombstones or statues. Although all rocks on Earth s surface are weathered, not all rocks weather at the same rate. You ve learned that minerals have different degrees of hardness. Some minerals are soft and easily scratched, while others are hard and not easily scratched. Rocks that contain mostly hard minerals weather much more slowly than rocks that contain mostly soft minerals.

15 Weathered material or sediment, does not stay in one place. It is moved by erosion. Erosion is the process of moving sediment by wind, water, or ice. Erosion happens all around you. Rivers and streams carry sediment over great distances. Winds pick up and move great amounts of soil and sand. Large masses of ice, called glaciers, pick up sediment as they move over land.

16 You probably know of many cycles in nature. For example, there is the cycle of day and night, the cycle of the four seasons, and the cycle of the phases of the moon. Rocks also have a cycle of change and renewal. The rock cycle is the continuous process in which one type of rock changes into another type. The effects of weathering, erosion, deposition, heat, and pressure are all part of the rock cycle. As rocks move through the rock cycle, the materials that make them up are used over and over again. The steps of the rock cycle can take millions of years. As with all cycles, the rock cycle has no beginning or end. The diagram on the following page shows how the rock cycle works.

17 Melting Erosion and deposition Igneous rock Temperature & pressure Melting Sedimentary rock Metamorphic rock Erosion and deposition Temperature and pressure Rocks are made up of one or more minerals. Minerals are naturally occurring substances with a crystalline structure and unique properties of streak, luster, and hardness. Three types of rock are igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Rocks change from one kind to another in the rock cycle. The processes that make up the rock cycle are weathering, erosion, deposition, heat, and pressure.

18 deposition (depuhzishshuhn) The process in which sediment settles at the bottom of water or is dropped by wind (8, 14, 15) erosion (eerohzhuhn) The process of moving sediment by wind, water, or ice (13, 14, 15) hardness (HARDnis) A mineral s ability to resist being scratched (5, 12, 15) igneous rock (IGneeuhs RAHKZ) Rocks that form when melted rock cools and hardens (6, 7, 10, 11, 15) luster (LUSter) The way a mineral s surface reflects light (5, 15) metamorphic rock (metuhmawrfik RAHKZ) Rock formed when high heat and great pressure change existing rock into a new form (10, 11, 15) mineral (MINeruhl) A naturally occurring, nonliving solid that has a specific chemical makeup and a repeating structure (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15) rock cycle (RAHK CYkuhl) The continuous process in which one type of rock changes into another type (14, 15) sedimentary rock (seduhmentuhree RAHKZ) Rock formed when sediments are cemented together (8, 9, 11, 14, 15) streak (STREEK) The color of the powder left behind when you rub a mineral against a rough white tile, or streak plate (4, 15) weathering (WETHering) The process of wearing away rocks by natural processes (12, 13, 14, 15)

19 What is the rock cycle? How are igneous rocks formed? Describe the steps by which sedimentary rock may become igneous rock. Suppose you are given an unidentified mineral sample. What three properties could you evaluate to help you identify the mineral? Work with a small group of classmates to design another way to communicate the steps of the rock cycle. You might make a chart, write a list, create a song, or draw another diagram. Share your work with the class. Share with a family member what you have learned about different types of rocks. Discuss ways you use rocks at school, work, and home. Together, write a paragraph that describes the ways you use rocks each day.

20 ISBN ISBN >

Earth s Resources. Earth s Surface

Earth s Resources. Earth s Surface Earth s Resources Earth s Surface Earth s surface is made up of a layer of rock called the crust. The crust covers all of Earth. It is several miles thick. Most of the crust is under water. The upper part

More information

Minerals, Rocks, and Soils Science Study Guide 3 rd Grade

Minerals, Rocks, and Soils Science Study Guide 3 rd Grade Name Test Date: VOCABULARY Understand and study the following vocabulary words. Use the attached flashcards (draw a picture to go with each) - rock, streak, sedimentary rock, igneous rock, metamorphic

More information

Possession of this publication in print format does not entitle users to convert this publication, or any portion of it, into electronic format.

Possession of this publication in print format does not entitle users to convert this publication, or any portion of it, into electronic format. Photo Credits: Cover: Keren Su/Corbis; 2 (br) Sciencephotos/Alamy, (bl) Breck P. Kent Photography; 3 (tl) Wally Eberhart/Visuals Unlimited, (tr) Joyce Photographics/Photo Researchers, Inc., (b) Wally Eberhart/Visuals

More information

Photo Credits: All images Harcourt

Photo Credits: All images Harcourt CXEGA09ALR1X_OL16.indd 2 3/2/07 6:19:50 PM Photo Credits: All images Harcourt If you have received these materials as examination copies free of charge, Harcourt School Publishers retains title to the

More information

abrasion the rubbing, grinding, and bumping of rocks that cause physical weathering (SRB, IG)

abrasion the rubbing, grinding, and bumping of rocks that cause physical weathering (SRB, IG) FOSS Soils, Rocks, and Landforms Module Glossary 3 rd Edition 2012 abrasion the rubbing, grinding, and bumping of rocks that cause physical weathering (SRB, IG) acid a substance that geologists use to

More information

4 th Grade Science Unit C: Earth Sciences Chapter 6: Minerals and Rocks Lesson 1: What are minerals?

4 th Grade Science Unit C: Earth Sciences Chapter 6: Minerals and Rocks Lesson 1: What are minerals? 4 th Grade Science Unit C: Earth Sciences Chapter 6: Minerals and Rocks Lesson 1: What are minerals? mineral A mineral is a natural, nonliving, solid crystal that makes up rocks. All over the world, each

More information

Minerals By Patti Hutchison

Minerals By Patti Hutchison Minerals By Patti Hutchison 1 Minerals. They are all around us. We eat them, wear them, and build with them. What is a mineral? How are they identified? What can we do with them? 2 Earth's crust is made

More information

Chapter Introduction. Cycle Chapter Wrap-Up

Chapter Introduction. Cycle Chapter Wrap-Up Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Minerals Rocks The Rock Cycle Chapter Wrap-Up How are minerals and rocks formed, identified, classified, and used? What do you think? Before you begin, decide

More information

Rocks & Minerals. Lesson 1 Properties of Minerals. What is a mineral? What is a mineral?

Rocks & Minerals. Lesson 1 Properties of Minerals. What is a mineral? What is a mineral? Rocks & Minerals What is a mineral? A mineral must have 5 specific characteristics to be considered a mineral a. b. c. d. e. Naturally occurring - formed by natural processes. Solid - must have a definite

More information

Rocks and Minerals TEKS ADDRESSED: NATIONAL SCIENCE STANDARDS: SUBJECT: Science. GRADES: 6 th (TEKS met); age appropriate 4 th -8 th grades

Rocks and Minerals TEKS ADDRESSED: NATIONAL SCIENCE STANDARDS: SUBJECT: Science. GRADES: 6 th (TEKS met); age appropriate 4 th -8 th grades Rocks and Minerals SUBJECT: Science GRADES: 6 th (TEKS met); age appropriate 4 th -8 th grades ACTIVITY SUMMARY: Students will observe rock and mineral samples to learn about the basic properties of minerals

More information

Studying Rocks and Soil

Studying Rocks and Soil Studying Rocks and Soil How do rocks form? Rocks Rock is found in nature. Rock is solid. It is nonliving matter. All rocks are made of one or more minerals. A mineral is a natural material that forms from

More information

Minerals RMS. Mineral ID Rocks Soil

Minerals RMS. Mineral ID Rocks Soil Minerals Moh Minerals RMS Mineral ID Rocks Soil 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 What is a naturally occurring,

More information

1. A solid material made up of one or more minerals or grains or other substances, including the remains of once-living things is a.

1. A solid material made up of one or more minerals or grains or other substances, including the remains of once-living things is a. 1. A solid material made up of one or more minerals or grains or other substances, including the remains of once-living things is a. 2. A solid, inorganic material that forms naturally on or beneath Earth

More information

Classify Rock (rock1)

Classify Rock (rock1) Name: Date: 1. Cleavage of a mineral is related to a mineral's A. chemical composition. B. streak color. C. luster. D. crystalline structure. 2. Which is not part of the definition of a mineral? A. naturally

More information

6/20/2018. Lesson 1 (Properties of Minerals) 6 th Grade. Earth s Structure Chapter 2: Minerals and Rocks. density =

6/20/2018. Lesson 1 (Properties of Minerals) 6 th Grade. Earth s Structure Chapter 2: Minerals and Rocks. density = 6 th Grade Earth s Structure Chapter 2: Minerals and Rocks Mineral Lesson 1 (Properties of Minerals) a mineral must meet all four of the following requirements: 1. must be naturally-occurring (formed by

More information

The Use of Minerals. Chapter 3

The Use of Minerals. Chapter 3 Section 3 The Formation, Mining, and Use of Minerals The Use of Minerals Metallic Minerals are good conductors of heat and electricity. They can be processed for various uses, including building aircraft,

More information

Possession of this publication in print format does not entitle users to convert this publication, or any portion of it, into electronic format.

Possession of this publication in print format does not entitle users to convert this publication, or any portion of it, into electronic format. Photo Credits: Cover: Royalty-Free/Corbis; 2 (br) Getty Images, (bl) Royalty-Free/ Corbis; 4-5 (b) Nancy Sheehan/Index Stock Imagery; 6 (bl) Getty Images, (br) Getty Images; 7 (r) Min Roman/Masterfile;

More information

Who Am I? S6E5 Science Rocks

Who Am I? S6E5 Science Rocks Who Am I? S6E5 Science Rocks Chapter 2 Minerals and Rocks 1. I am naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition. Who am I? 2. There are five characteristics

More information

Review - Unit 2 - Rocks and Minerals

Review - Unit 2 - Rocks and Minerals Review - Unit 2 - Rocks and Minerals Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the diagram below, which shows the results of three different physical tests, A, B, and C, that were performed on a mineral.

More information

If you have received these materials as examination copies free of charge, Harcourt

If you have received these materials as examination copies free of charge, Harcourt Photo Credits: Cover: Earth Imaging/Getty Images; 2 John Chumack/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 3 StockTrek/Photodisc/Getty Images; 4 Yang Liu/Corbis; 5 Scenics of America/PhotoLink/Photodisc/Getty Images; 7

More information

Chapter 8: Lesson 1 Notes

Chapter 8: Lesson 1 Notes Chapter 8: Lesson 1 Notes Mineral- a nonliving, naturally occurring solid that has its own regular arrangement of particles in it. Minerals are found in rocks and soil. There are more than 4,000 types

More information

Unit 2 Exam: Rocks & Minerals

Unit 2 Exam: Rocks & Minerals Name: Date: 1. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the 2001 edition of the Earth Science Reference Tables, the map and cross section below, and your knowledge of Earth science. The shaded

More information

Possession of this publication in print format does not entitle users to convert this publication, or any portion of it, into electronic format.

Possession of this publication in print format does not entitle users to convert this publication, or any portion of it, into electronic format. Photo Credits: Cover: Timothy Laman/Getty Images; 2 Katrina Brown/Alamy; 3 John Cooke/Getty Images; 4 Pat Powers and Cherryl Schafer/Photodisc/Getty Images; 5 Volker Steger/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 6 John

More information

Rocks are made from Minerals

Rocks are made from Minerals Rocks and Minerals Rocks are made from Minerals Rocks are nothing more than a mixture of different mineral crystals. ***All three minerals are combined in a Granite rock Granite Quartz + Biotite + Feldspar

More information

Minerals and Rocks. Minerals

Minerals and Rocks. Minerals Minerals and Rocks Minerals What do you think? Read the two statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if you agree with the statement or a D if

More information

Minerals. What are minerals and how do we classify them?

Minerals. What are minerals and how do we classify them? Minerals What are minerals and how do we classify them? 1 Minerals! Minerals are the ingredients needed to form the different types of rocks! Rock - is any naturally formed solid that is part of Earth

More information

Possession of this publication in print format does not entitle users to convert this publication, or any portion of it, into electronic format.

Possession of this publication in print format does not entitle users to convert this publication, or any portion of it, into electronic format. Photo Credits: Cover: Zoran Milich/Masterfile; 3 (t) Royalty-Free/Corbis; 6 Siede Preis/ PhotoDisc/Getty Images; 7 (cr) Royalty-Free/Corbis; 8 (bc) Michelle Garrett/Corbis; 9 (t) Kent Foster/Bruce Coleman,

More information

Earth: The Water Planet

Earth: The Water Planet Earth: The Water Planet Water is essential for living things to grow, reproduce, and carry out important processes. About 97% of Earth s water is salt water found in the ocean, while the other 3% is fresh

More information

Earth and Space Science. Semester 2 Review, Part 2

Earth and Space Science. Semester 2 Review, Part 2 Earth and Space Science Semester 2 Review, Part 2 2015 Chemical Weathering -The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes. Examples that cause chemical weathering include the action of water

More information

Study Guide for Test : Minerals, Rock Cycle & Mining

Study Guide for Test : Minerals, Rock Cycle & Mining Name: Date: Period: Study Guide for Test : Minerals, Rock Cycle & Mining Copy of Class Notes at http://feldmannscience.weebly.com Access website by computer or mobile device! Tutoring offered after school

More information

ì<(sk$m)=bdiiah< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U

ì<(sk$m)=bdiiah< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U Earth Science Genre Comprehension Skill Text Features Science Content Nonfiction Summarize Labels Captions Charts Glossary Rocks and Minerals Scott Foresman Science 4.8 ì

More information

Non-fiction: Dig This! Want to know what the world was like millions of years ago? Look to the rocks.

Non-fiction: Dig This! Want to know what the world was like millions of years ago? Look to the rocks. Non-fiction: Dig This! Dig This! Fossil Find Want to know what the world was like millions of years ago? Look to the rocks. One hundred and fifty million years ago, one of the very first birds appeared

More information

In an experiment, what s the difference between the manipulated variable and the responding variable?

In an experiment, what s the difference between the manipulated variable and the responding variable? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. In an experiment, what s the difference between the manipulated variable and the responding variable? In an experiment, what s the best way to represent parts of a whole? The mineral scratch

More information

Rocks: Mineral Mixtures

Rocks: Mineral Mixtures CHAPTER 15 DIRECTED READING WORKSHEET Rocks: Mineral Mixtures As you read Chapter 15, which begins on page 392 of your textbook, answer the following questions It s What s Inside That Counts (p 392) 1

More information

Igneous magma cools crystals, holes Metamorphic heat & pressure wavy layers, foliation Sedimentary straight layers, rough, dull, fossils

Igneous magma cools crystals, holes Metamorphic heat & pressure wavy layers, foliation Sedimentary straight layers, rough, dull, fossils First Semester Final Exam Study Guide Question Answer Illustration/Example List the three main types of rocks and draw a picture of each. Label the significant features. (Layers, crystals, holes, grains,

More information

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2nebe_brjaq&feature =youtu.be https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- DSzlxeNCBk

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2nebe_brjaq&feature =youtu.be https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- DSzlxeNCBk What is a mineral? H.E.3A.5 Analyze and interpret data to describe the physical and chemical properties of minerals and rocks and classify each based on the properties and environment in which they were

More information

ESS Minerals. Lee. 1. The table below shows some properties of four different minerals.

ESS Minerals. Lee. 1. The table below shows some properties of four different minerals. Name: ESS Minerals Pd. 1. The table below shows some properties of four different minerals. The minerals listed in the table are varieties of which mineral? (A) garnet (B) magnetite (C) olivine (D) quartz

More information

Practice Test Rocks and Minerals. Name. Page 1

Practice Test Rocks and Minerals. Name. Page 1 Name Practice Test Rocks and Minerals 1. Which rock would be the best source of the mineral garnet? A) basalt B) limestone C) schist D) slate 2. Which mineral is mined for its iron content? A) hematite

More information

TEACHER BACKGROUND KNOWEDGE. Minerals, Rocks and the Rock Cycle

TEACHER BACKGROUND KNOWEDGE. Minerals, Rocks and the Rock Cycle TEACHER BACKGROUND KNOWEDGE Minerals, Rocks and the Rock Cycle Core Concepts Rocks in the Earth s crust vary in their form and structure based on process that made them. The constant changing of the form

More information

Unit 9 Lesson 3 How Can Rocks Be Classified? Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 9 Lesson 3 How Can Rocks Be Classified? Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Igneous Rock Rock is a natural solid that is made of one or more minerals. Rocks are classified by how they form. There are three types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous Rock Classwork

More information

Rocks and Minerals. Below Level. FOCUScurriculum

Rocks and Minerals. Below Level. FOCUScurriculum SCIENCE GRADE 4 Science Content Standards Earth Sciences: 4.A Earth Sciences: 4.B Below Level Rocks and Minerals FOCUScurriculum Curriculum materials for your content standards 33 Milford Drive, Suite

More information

Minerals and Rocks. Test Review Activity. Begin

Minerals and Rocks. Test Review Activity. Begin Minerals and Rocks Test Review Activity Begin What type of rock is this? How can you tell? Question #1 If the crystals Sample in this felsic Digneous rock are 3-6 mm in size, what rock is it? Last Question

More information

4th Grade Earth Materials Assessment

4th Grade Earth Materials Assessment Name: Date: 1. Max collects rocks, gems, and crystals. Which is made up of two or more different minerals? A. minerals B. gems C. rock D. crystals 2. The picture below shows a rock. The arrow is pointing

More information

The most common elements that make up minerals are oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, potassium, and magnesium

The most common elements that make up minerals are oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, potassium, and magnesium Mineralogy: The Study of Minerals and their Properties A Mineral! Occurs! Is a! Is a substance (element or compound)! Has atoms arrange in an orderly pattern ( )! Is (not formed by any process involving

More information

Seasons. by Helen Stanley. illustrated by Gerardo Suzan HOUGHTON MIFFLIN

Seasons. by Helen Stanley. illustrated by Gerardo Suzan HOUGHTON MIFFLIN Seasons by Helen Stanley illustrated by Gerardo Suzan HOUGHTON MIFFLIN Seasons by Helen Stanley illustrated by Gerardo Suzan Copyright by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company All rights reserved.

More information

CH 4- MINERALS OBJECTIVES: Identify characteristics and formations of minerals. Differentiate Minerals by their groups and uses STANDARDS:

CH 4- MINERALS OBJECTIVES: Identify characteristics and formations of minerals. Differentiate Minerals by their groups and uses STANDARDS: OBJECTIVES: CH 4- MINERALS Identify characteristics and formations of minerals Differentiate Minerals by their groups and uses STANDARDS: MINERAL: WHAT IS A MINERAL? A naturally occurring Inorganic Solid

More information

Why care about Rocks? Minerals. Minerals (examples) Minerals (examples) 11/29/2017. Energy & Commerce. History of the Earth.

Why care about Rocks? Minerals. Minerals (examples) Minerals (examples) 11/29/2017. Energy & Commerce. History of the Earth. 12-4-17 ROCK CYCLE NOTES Why care about Rocks? Energy & Commerce Fossil Fuels Gems Countertops & other building materials History of the Earth Dinosaurs, Past Climates, Pangaea Other Planets Meteorites

More information

Physical Geography Lab Activity #07

Physical Geography Lab Activity #07 Physical Geography Lab Activity #07 Due date Name Rocks & Minerals COR Objective 8 7.1. Introduction One part of being a physical geographer is having a basic knowledge of the rocks around us. In this

More information

Rock Star Event Leader Instructions

Rock Star Event Leader Instructions 2011 Event Leader Instructions There are 10 stations. If you have more than 10 teams print an additional set of stations or add your own. Set up the room to accommodate a rotation, be sure to point out

More information

Rocks and Minerals (rocksandminerals)

Rocks and Minerals (rocksandminerals) Name: Date: 1. Cleavage of a mineral is related to a mineral's A. chemical composition. B. streak color. C. luster. D. crystalline structure. 2. Which is not part of the definition of a mineral? A. naturally

More information

Possession of this publication in print format does not entitle users to convert this publication, or any portion of it, into electronic format.

Possession of this publication in print format does not entitle users to convert this publication, or any portion of it, into electronic format. Photo Credits: Cover: NASA-HQ-GRIN; 9 (tl) Jeff Greenberg/age fotostock/ Photolibrary, (br) Thomas Craig/Index Stock Imagery/Photolibrary, (c) PhotoDisc/Getty Images; 16 (bl) George H.H. Huey/Latitude/Corbis;

More information

Occurs in Nature SOLID Inorganic (not from a plant or animal) Crystalline (forms crystals) Atoms / Molecules bond in a regular pattern

Occurs in Nature SOLID Inorganic (not from a plant or animal) Crystalline (forms crystals) Atoms / Molecules bond in a regular pattern #12: Mineral Occurs in Nature SOLID Inorganic (not from a plant or animal) Crystalline (forms crystals) Atoms / Molecules bond in a regular pattern Regular Composition EX- Halite (salt) is always NaCl

More information

Minerals Please do not write on this test packet.

Minerals Please do not write on this test packet. Please do not write on this test packet. 1. The diagram below shows the index minerals of Mohs hardness scale compared with the hardness of some common objects. 2. Base your answer to the following question

More information

1. Which mineral is mined for its iron content? A) hematite B) fluorite C) galena D) talc

1. Which mineral is mined for its iron content? A) hematite B) fluorite C) galena D) talc 1. Which mineral is mined for its iron content? A) hematite B) fluorite C) galena D) talc 2. Which material is made mostly of the mineral quartz? A) sulfuric acid B) pencil lead C) plaster of paris D)

More information

Chapter 4: Rocks and Their Transformations

Chapter 4: Rocks and Their Transformations Thai Christian School Grade 6 English Program SCIENCE Home Study Name : Number :... Subject : Science Grade : 6/ Teacher : Miss Maggie Quinn Date : November 2011 Parent Signature:... Instructions: Read

More information

4. The diagram of Bowen's Reaction Series below indicates the relative temperatures at which specific minerals crystallize as magma cools.

4. The diagram of Bowen's Reaction Series below indicates the relative temperatures at which specific minerals crystallize as magma cools. Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the diagram below, which shows the results of three different physical tests, A, B, and C, that were performed on a mineral. 1. The luster of this mineral could

More information

Draw a picture of an erupting volcano and label using the following words/phrases: magma; lava; cools slowly; cools quickly; intrusive; extrusive

Draw a picture of an erupting volcano and label using the following words/phrases: magma; lava; cools slowly; cools quickly; intrusive; extrusive Lesson 3.2a NOTES: Igneous Rocks (Unlock) Essential Question: How are igneous rocks described? Learning Target: I can describe how igneous rocks are formed and classified Igneous Rock How does igneous

More information

4.1 Act 2 Rock Cycle: Interactive Website Worksheet

4.1 Act 2 Rock Cycle: Interactive Website Worksheet Name Date Core 4.1 Act 2 Rock Cycle: Interactive Website Worksheet Directions: Go to the website Interactives Rock Cycle. http://www.learner.org/interactives/rockcycle/index.html Follow the directions

More information

Lesson 3: Understanding the Properties of Rocks

Lesson 3: Understanding the Properties of Rocks Lesson 3: Understanding the Properties of Rocks 1 Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic Magma 2 I. Igneous rocks are called fire rocks and are formed either underground or above ground. A. Underground, they

More information

EES - Goal Rocks and Minerals

EES - Goal Rocks and Minerals EES - Goal 2.1 - Rocks and Minerals Score: 1. Quartz is a mineral because it is a white rock. natural, inorganic, and has a crystalline structure. an element. composed of more than one element. 2. Granite

More information

What do these products have in common?

What do these products have in common? What is a mineral? 4000 minerals on Earth!!!! A naturally occurring, inorganic solid crystalline substance with a definite chemical composition. A mineral must have these 5 major aspects: Naturally occurring

More information

The Earth System. The Geosphere

The Earth System. The Geosphere The Earth System The Geosphere Key Concepts How do materials in the geosphere differ? Why does the geosphere have a layered structure? What do you think? Read the three statements below and decide whether

More information

2 Igneous Rock. How do igneous rocks form? What factors affect the texture of igneous rock? BEFORE YOU READ. Rocks: Mineral Mixtures

2 Igneous Rock. How do igneous rocks form? What factors affect the texture of igneous rock? BEFORE YOU READ. Rocks: Mineral Mixtures CHAPTER 4 2 Igneous Rock SECTION Rocks: Mineral Mixtures BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How do igneous rocks form? What factors affect the texture

More information

THIRD GRADE SCIENCE (SCIENCE3_1)

THIRD GRADE SCIENCE (SCIENCE3_1) Name: Date: THIRD GRADE SCIENCE (SCIENCE3_1) 1. Volcanoes form what type of rock? A. sedimentary B. igneous C. coal D. metamorphic 2. Which animal would be LEAST LIKELY to form a fossil? A. B. C. D. 3.

More information

The Cycling of Matter. Day 1

The Cycling of Matter. Day 1 The Cycling of Matter Day 1 Objective I will learn the rock cycle is the series of processes in which rock changes from one form to another. I will learn in the water cycle, water condenses, precipitates

More information

Unit E: Planet Earth Topic 1: Scientific Study Helps Us Understand the Earth

Unit E: Planet Earth Topic 1: Scientific Study Helps Us Understand the Earth Unit E: Planet Earth Topic 1: Scientific Study Helps Us Understand the Earth 1 1.1 A Model for Earth A. Our Ancient Past 1. Geologists estimate that the Earth is about billion years old 2. Humans appeared

More information

Name: Minerals and more minerals

Name: Minerals and more minerals 1. The diagram below shows how a sample of the mineral mica breaks when hit with a rock hammer. 6. The diagrams below show the crystal shapes of two minerals. This mineral breaks in smooth, flat surfaces

More information

Minerals and Rocks. Rocks

Minerals and Rocks. Rocks Minerals and Rocks Rocks What do you think? Read the two statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if you agree with the statement or a D if you

More information

8 th Earth Science Chapter 4 Rocks Name Section 1 The Rock Cycle:

8 th Earth Science Chapter 4 Rocks Name Section 1 The Rock Cycle: 8 th Earth Science Chapter 4 Rocks Name Section 1 The Rock Cycle: Most rock used for stone contains one or more common minerals, called rock-forming minerals, such as, feldspar,, or. When you look closely,

More information

2-1 F. Objectives: Define rocks Describe the rock cycle and some changes that a rock could undergo.

2-1 F. Objectives: Define rocks Describe the rock cycle and some changes that a rock could undergo. 2-1 F Objectives: Define rocks Describe the rock cycle and some changes that a rock could undergo. Rocks are a mixture of minerals, glass, organic matter, and other natural materials. + + feldspar hornblende

More information

Rocks, Minerals, and Erosion. Do not duplicate without permission from Orange County Department of Education

Rocks, Minerals, and Erosion. Do not duplicate without permission from Orange County Department of Education Rocks, Minerals, and Erosion Do not duplicate without permission from Orange County Department of Education 4 th Grade Earth Science Standards 4. The properties of rocks and minerals reflect the processes

More information

THE CHANGING SURFACE OF THE EARTH

THE CHANGING SURFACE OF THE EARTH THE CHANGING SURFACE OF THE EARTH Key words Drain geological agent weathering erosion Sediment deposition transport The landscape is a consequence of the action of two types of geological processes; internal

More information

2 Igneous Rock. How do igneous rocks form? What factors affect the texture of igneous rock? BEFORE YOU READ. Rocks: Mineral Mixtures

2 Igneous Rock. How do igneous rocks form? What factors affect the texture of igneous rock? BEFORE YOU READ. Rocks: Mineral Mixtures CHAPTER 2 2 Igneous Rock SECTION Rocks: Mineral Mixtures BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How do igneous rocks form? What factors affect the texture

More information

Chapter 9 : Rocks and Minerals

Chapter 9 : Rocks and Minerals Table of Contents Chapter 9 : Rocks and Minerals Section 2: Igneous and Sedimentary Rocks Section 3: Metamorphic Rocks and the Rock Cycle Section 2 and 3: Rocks and the Rock Cycle There are 3 different

More information

CHAPTER 2 MINERALS. Group Presentation Notes

CHAPTER 2 MINERALS. Group Presentation Notes CHAPTER 2 MINERALS Group Presentation Notes DEFINITION OF A MINERAL A mineral is naturally occurring, inorganic solid with an orderly crystalline structure and a definite chemical composition. CHARACTERISTICS

More information

All About Rocks. What Exactly Are Rocks? 298 words. Born from Magma: Igneous Rock 223 words. Layer After Layer: Sedimentary Rock 192 words

All About Rocks. What Exactly Are Rocks? 298 words. Born from Magma: Igneous Rock 223 words. Layer After Layer: Sedimentary Rock 192 words ARTICLE-A-DAY All About Rocks 6 Articles Check articles you have read: What Exactly Are Rocks? 298 words Born from Magma: Igneous Rock 223 words Layer After Layer: Sedimentary Rock 192 words Changing Form:

More information

THE ROCK CYCLE & ROCKS. Subtitle

THE ROCK CYCLE & ROCKS. Subtitle THE ROCK CYCLE & ROCKS Subtitle 3. Three rocks that do not have minerals or are composed of nonmineral matter. Coal Pumuce Obsidian THE ROCK CYCLE Why do scientists study rocks? Rocks contain clues about

More information

abrasion the rubbing, grinding, and bumping of rocks that cause physical weathering (SRB, IG)

abrasion the rubbing, grinding, and bumping of rocks that cause physical weathering (SRB, IG) FOSS Soils, Rocks, and Landforms Module Glossary NGSS Edition 2019 abrasion the rubbing, grinding, and bumping of rocks that cause physical weathering (SRB, IG) acid a substance that geologists use to

More information

Composition of the Earth: Minerals and Rocks

Composition of the Earth: Minerals and Rocks Composition of the Earth: Minerals and Rocks Objectives: Students will demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between minerals and rocks. Students will identify common minerals and rocks found

More information

Igneous Rock Notes. Page #:

Igneous Rock Notes. Page #: Page #: Igneous Rock Notes Magma and lava form very different types of igneous rocks. Igneous rocks form from molten rock, but where does molten rock come from? The temperature inside Earth with depth.

More information

9/11/2017 ROCKS AND MINERALS UNIT 1. Observing Natural Resources. Lab 3

9/11/2017 ROCKS AND MINERALS UNIT 1. Observing Natural Resources. Lab 3 ROCKS AND MINERALS UNIT 1 Observing Natural Resources Lab 3 1 Vocabulary: Natural Resource: Any naturally occurring substance that is useful Renewable: Able to be replenished Non-renewable: Not easily

More information

What is the density of the sphere below? Which of the following is part of a valid process for supporting a hypothesis?

What is the density of the sphere below? Which of the following is part of a valid process for supporting a hypothesis? Benchmark Review: What is the volume of the ring? What is the actual distance represented by 1 inch on the map below? When placed in water, ice rises to the top of the liquid. Unlike most solids that sink

More information

Weathering & Erosion

Weathering & Erosion Name Test Date Hour Earth Processes#1 - Notebook Weathering & Erosion LEARNING TARGETS I can explain the process of weathering. I can explain why weathering is important. I can describe the difference

More information

Page 1. Name:

Page 1. Name: Name: 1) What is the approximate density of a mineral with a mass of 262.2 grams that displaces 46 cubic centimeters of water? A) 6.1 g/cm 3 C) 1.8 g/cm 3 B) 5.7 g/cm 3 D) 12.2 g/cm 3 2) In which two Earth

More information

Minerals and Rocks. Chapter Test A. Multiple Choice. Write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left.

Minerals and Rocks. Chapter Test A. Multiple Choice. Write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left. Minerals and Rocks Chapter Test A Multiple Choice Write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left. 1. An example of a mineral made up of a pure element is a. coal. b. copper. c. quartz.

More information

c) metamorphosis d) rock transformation a) melting and cooling b) heat and pressure a) igneous rock b) sedimentary rock

c) metamorphosis d) rock transformation a) melting and cooling b) heat and pressure a) igneous rock b) sedimentary rock Quizizz Rocks and Soil Name : Class : Date : 1. The process where rocks is transformed from one type to another is called a) rock cycle b) water cycle c) metamorphosis d) rock transformation 2. How are

More information

Fill in the blank with the word that completes the sentence. Then, find that work in the puzzle.

Fill in the blank with the word that completes the sentence. Then, find that work in the puzzle. Classwork #1 Name: 2 nd Grade PSI Fill in the blank with the word that completes the sentence. Then, find that work in the puzzle. 1. When the Earth is facing the sun, it is time. 2. Another word for spins

More information

ROCKS AND MINERALS E J C H O N O U R S D A Y

ROCKS AND MINERALS E J C H O N O U R S D A Y ROCKS AND MINERALS E J C H O N O U R S D A Y 2 0 1 3 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ROCKS AND MINERALS MINERALS Solid formations that occur naturally in the earth Have a unique chemical composition Defined by its

More information

weathering and cooling and solidification compaction and cementation SEDIMENTARY ROCK

weathering and cooling and solidification compaction and cementation SEDIMENTARY ROCK OVERHEAD MASTER] The Rock Cycle Goal Use this overhead master to show the rock cycie diagram (included in the Teacher's Resource) to your class. cooling and solidification weathering and compaction and

More information

The Rock Cycle. Interactive Science Notebook

The Rock Cycle. Interactive Science Notebook The Rock Cycle Interactive Science Notebook Th a n k y ou fo r d ow n l oa din g! StudentSavvy 2016 Thank you for downloading StudentSavvy s Interactive Science Notebook The Rock Cycle! If you have any

More information

4th Grade. Earth Systems.

4th Grade. Earth Systems. 1 4th Grade Earth Systems 2015 11 10 www.njctl.org 2 Earth Systems Click on the topic to go to that section Earth's Systems Mechanical Weathering Chemical Weathering Erosion Biogeology 3 Earth's Systems

More information

Mineral - a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystalline structure and a definite chemical composition For the Love of God

Mineral - a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystalline structure and a definite chemical composition For the Love of God Rocks & Minerals Mineral - a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystalline structure and a definite chemical composition For the Love of God A platinum cast of a skull from an actual person

More information

4th Grade. Slide 1 / 101. Slide 2 / 101. Slide 3 / 101. Earth Systems. Earth Systems Earth's Systems. Mechanical Weathering

4th Grade. Slide 1 / 101. Slide 2 / 101. Slide 3 / 101. Earth Systems. Earth Systems Earth's Systems. Mechanical Weathering Slide 1 / 101 Slide 2 / 101 4th Grade Earth Systems 2015-11-10 www.njctl.org Earth Systems Slide 3 / 101 Click on the topic to go to that section Earth's Systems Mechanical Weathering Chemical Weathering

More information

You now know that there are many materials that can be mistaken

You now know that there are many materials that can be mistaken 15 Mineral Properties R EA D I N G You now know that there are many materials that can be mistaken for diamonds. Yet diamonds are usually the most expensive. What makes diamonds special? Find out more

More information

TEACHER BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE. Surface Processes: Weathering and Erosion

TEACHER BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE. Surface Processes: Weathering and Erosion TEACHER BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE Surface Processes: Weathering and Erosion Core Concepts Precipitation (caused by the water cycle) and wind cause rocks to be broken into smaller pieces in the process called

More information

Rocks. Section 1:Igneous Rocks. Section 2:Sedimentary Rocks. Section 3: Metamorphic Rocks. Section 4: The Rock Cycle

Rocks. Section 1:Igneous Rocks. Section 2:Sedimentary Rocks. Section 3: Metamorphic Rocks. Section 4: The Rock Cycle Rocks Section 1:Igneous Rocks Section 2:Sedimentary Rocks Section 3: Metamorphic Rocks Section 4: The Rock Cycle BILL NYE ROCKS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvd- SPZLh5s What is a rock? Common Rocks

More information

Rocks Rock- A group of minerals, glass, mineroid bound together in some way.

Rocks Rock- A group of minerals, glass, mineroid bound together in some way. Rocks Rock- A group of minerals, glass, mineroid bound together in some way. All rocks fit into one of three categories: Igneous- formed by the cooling and hardening of hot molten rock Sedimentary- formed

More information

What is a Rock? Naturally-occurring mixtures of minerals, mineraloids, glass or organic matter.

What is a Rock? Naturally-occurring mixtures of minerals, mineraloids, glass or organic matter. What is a Rock? Naturally-occurring mixtures of minerals, mineraloids, glass or organic matter. What is a Rock? Rocks are divided into 3 groups based on how they were formed: IGNEOUS SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC

More information

Earth Science Unit 1 Review

Earth Science Unit 1 Review Name: Date: 1. The picture below shows a model of the rock cycle. 2. rock cycle diagram is shown below. During which part of the rock cycle does water break rocks apart?. part 1 B. part 2. part 3 D. part

More information

Properties of Matter BEFORE READING BUILD BACKGROUND PREVIEW TEXT AND GRAPHICS

Properties of Matter BEFORE READING BUILD BACKGROUND PREVIEW TEXT AND GRAPHICS READING FOCUS SKILLS: Main Idea and Details, Cause and Effect VOCABULARY: density, gas, liquid, mass, matter, mixture, solid, solubility, solution, state of matter, suspension, volume EXTENSIONS: Writing,

More information