Unit 1 Landforms and Water Forms
|
|
- Kathlyn Caldwell
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Unit 1 Landforms and Water Forms Earth is divided into specific structural zones; 1. Inner core 2700 km in diameter - Solid - Made mostly of iron, with a little nickel - Temperature of degrees Celsius 2. Outer core km thick - molten (fluid) - made mostly of iron and nickel - temperature of 4000 degrees Celsius 3. Mantle km thick -divided into lower and upper layers - moderate density largely solid except for the upper km of upper layer called the asthenosphere - made mostly of magnesium and iron silicates 4. Mohorovicic Discontinuity - Boundary between mantle lithosphere, at which earthquake waves abruptly change speeds. 5. Lithosphere km - lowest density; solid and rigid - made up of the lightest elements and compounds ( mostly magnesium, aluminum, and iron silicate such as qranite) - can be divided into two layers, one under ocean basins (sima) and one making up the continents (sial) 1.1 And 1.2 Explain how compressional forces are caused. Explain how tensional forces are caused. Questions #9 a, b, c page 11 - The earth is made up of plates - large pieces of crust that move about. This movement is called Plate Tectonics. - Basically, 2 patterns of plate movement 1. Compressional forces - two plates move towards each other and squeeze together which causes rock forces to bend, warp or be
2 pushed upwards. Example, Andes mountains are a result of compressional forces. 2. Tensional forces plates break apart and move away from or past each other which may form trenches as one plate drops down. Example, the Merianas trench is a result of tensional forces. 1.3 Relate selected plate movement to compressional or tensional forces. RWS 1.6 (handout) Question #10 page Explain how compressional forces create fold mountains. When two plates move toward each other they create a compressional force. As a result, folding occurs. Folding is the process whereby layers of rock bend, buckle, and are pushed upward. The resulting mountains are called fold mountains. 1.5 Differentiate between the terms anticline and syncline. Anticline simple fold mountains contain upwardly and downwardly pushed layers resembling waves. The peak of the wavelike structure created as a result of the creation of fold mountains is called anticline. Syncline simple fold mountain contain upwardly and downwardly pushed layers resembling waves. The trough of the wavelike structures created as result of the creation of the fold mountains. 1.6 Explain how tensional forces create a normal fault. Normal fault when a plate on one side drops down lower than the place on the other side. Tensional forces exist when two plates break apart or move away/past each other possibly causing one plate to drop down. If one plate on one side drops down lower than the plate on the other side, a normal fault will result. 1.7 Explain how compressional forces create reverse and overthrust faults. Reverse If simple rock layers around a fault push against each other, one block can be pushed up over the other creating a reverse fault. Overthrust If a plate that has undergone folding has its folded layers pushed up and thrust over layers on the faults other side, overthrust faults occurs.
3 1.8 Explain what causes a volcano to erupt. The main trigger for volcanic eruption is heat. Plate boundaries, where oceanic and continental crusts meet, are intensely hot because of friction, pressure and decay of radioactive materials. Frequently, this intense heat melts rock beneath the crust producing magma. If the molten rock fragment called ash or cinder, and blobs of molten rock with trapped volcanic gas inside can be ejected to the surface in the form of an eruption. Depending on the chemical composition of the lava and the amount of trapped gas, volcanic eruptions can be violent and explosive or quiet and calm. 1.9 Describe the characteristics of an ash-and-cinder, a shield cone, and a composite cone. Cone- buildup of volcanic material. Ash-and-cinder- A volcanic peak with a roughly circular base tapering to a point, formed by layers of ash and lava thrown out during volcanic eruptions. Ash-andcinder cones are associated with thick lava and much ash. Ash- small molten rock fragments. Shield cone- A volcano formed of successive eruptions of free-flowing, relatively thin lava which spreads over a large area, creating a broad, gently sloping dome tens of kilometers across and around 1 km high. Composite cone- A volcanic peak with a roughly circular base tapering to a point, formed from lava flows and layers of ash. In a composite cone, smaller cones form through vents that flanks (sides) of the volcano. Page 16 figure 1.14 A) Ash-and-cinder cone B) Composite cone C) Shield cone 1.10 Conclude how the location of active volcanos is related to places where plates meet. Plate boundaries are where continental and oceanic crust meet. These areas are intensely hot due to friction, pressure and decay of radioactive materials. Since the main trigger for volcanic activity is heat, plate boundaries are thus areas of active volcanoes.
4 1.11 Describe global patterns in the location of landforms. Alfred Wegener initially suggested in 1924 that the earth was once a single land mass called Pangea. Over time, Pangea split into multiple land masses. These masses began spreading apart. In the 1960 s, J.Tuzo Wilson observed that earthquake and volcanic activity often occurred in mid ocean regions where ridges existed. These ridges split apart the rocky crust, or plates, of the ocean floor pushing continents further apart in a process called sea-floor spreading. Plates on each side of the mid-atlantic ridge are continuing to move both the north and south American plates further away from the African and Eurasian plates. However, the south American plate and the Nazca plate are pushing towards each other forming a subduction zone. Finally, the Southeast India Rise, the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge and the East Pacific Rise are pushing plates north causing the Australian Plate and the Pacific Plate to also move north Understand the impact of specific landforms by completing case study on page and completing the question on page 19 of text Distinguish between the terms physical weathering and chemical weathering. Physical Weathering The disintegration or splitting up of rock by the Physical environment without chemical changes occurring. Chemical Weathering Processes that involve the action of chemical elements or compounds that change the rock s chemical composition Describe the mechanical process by which physical weathering occurs. 1. In climate regions where temperatures fluctuate above and below the freezing point, frost fracture occurs. 2. In regions where temperatures fluctuate greatly between day and night or season to season. The temperature change itself can result in weathering. The sudden heating causes the rocks to expand while sudden cooling causes the rocks to contract. This is temperature induced weathering.
5 3. Some types of rock weather by breaking along curved surfaces, causing the rock to break apart in rounded sheets like layers of onions. This type of weathering is called exfoliation. 4. Plant growth and burrowing animals can also cause physical weathering by expanding existing cracks and fractures in rock Describe the main interactions that result in chemical weathering. Chemical weathering involves the breakdown of rock minerals by chemical reaction and is usually related to rainwater. Rain passes through the atmosphere and soils, absorbing chemicals along the way. When rain reaches rock, the rock minerals combine with chemicals in the rain and either swells or are loosened from the rock structure Infer the relationship between environmental conditions and the rate of physical and chemical weathering. Changes in temperature create physical weathering such as rock fracture and temperature-induced weathering. The greater the change in temperature and the more often they occur, the greater the rate of physical weathering. Areas where heavy raining occurs may result in solution, hydrolysis and oxidation happening at a faster rate that dryer areas; further, increased pollution and acid rain will also increase the speed of chemical weathering Describe the three stages in the life cycle of a river. When areas receive excess waterfall, it can no longer soak into the ground. The water begins to flow on the surface of the land instead. This excess develops into small streams that merge into larger streams, finally creating major rivers and river streams. Youthful rivers: - found in highland and mountainous areas - Steep slopes, relatively small volume of water and rapid flow - Soil particles roll along the ground, wearing downhill slopes as the water flows down. - Tends to have a narrow, relatively v-shaped valleys due to rapid erosion from fast flowing water. - Rapids and waterfalls are associated with youthful rivers.
6 Mature: - gentler slope and flatter land surface. - many have well developed branches called tributaries because the drainage patterns have had time to develop. -now characterized by a broad, flat river valley with a well-developed floodplain - the river channel will relatively broad as the river is now lower in elevation and works on eroding the sides of the channel. - Minerals are deposited along broad curves and now follows a gently meandering course over the flood plain. -River has reached equilibrium where erosion and deposition is nearly in balance -the river is moving a maximum amount of water in an efficient manner. Old age rivers: - Extremely flat, almost no slop, very little momentum or speed. - Very elaborate and intricately meandering courses. - Often swampy areas appear around old rivers because of lack of slope which leads to poor drainage. -Often very muddy as a result of low velocity. - Most prone to flooding. -formation on oxbow lakes 1.18 State two ways in which water erosion occurs. 1. Vertical erosion: The erosion causes the river bed on the floor to wear down and as a result the river valley will become deeper. The three agents of vertical erosions: a. Hydraulic Pressure: The weight of the water and the constant pounding of the water over the rock surfaces cause the rock to erode. b. Solution/corrosion: Plants give off carbon resulting in the formation of carbonic acid which dissolves minerals in the rock structure, making it weaker and vulnerable to erosion. c. Abrasion: If the river current is strong enough it will carry particles of rock with it. These rock particles of varying sizes will gouge, scratch, rub and grind against the sides and floor of the river, eroding it away. 2. Lateral Erosion (sides): This type of erosion occurs when the river side or slope becomes eroded. This, along with vertical erosion, happens in mountainous areas to create river valleys. Lateral erosion also occurs during the mature stage of a river, especially on the outside of a meander.
7 1.19 Examine evidence to determine the life cycle stage of a river. Completed in outcome Explain how deltas are formed. As a river approaches a larger, still body of water (pond, lake, ocean) it is carrying eroded materials such as dissolved minerals or fine suspended particles held up by the energy of the water flow. Other particles may also be rolling or bouncing down the river. Downstream it flows, slowing down as the slope decreases, until it encounters the still waters of an ocean, lake, sea, or bay. The river unloads its largest amounts first, closest to shore, forming a thick layer of sediment. The river drops smaller particles out in deeper water, forming a thinner layer. The river continues to flow over these deposits and repeats the process further and further out from shore Contrast the terms Arcuate delta, Digitate delta, and estuarine delta. Arcuate Delta- Fan shaped delta named from the Latin word curved in shaped of a bow Digitate Delta- a delta with long fingers of sediment extending into the sea. Estuarine Delta- A delta formed in that area of a river mouth which is affected by sea tides Define the terms outwash plain, terminal moraine, erratic, drumlin, and esker. Outwash Plain: A plain formed by sediments washed out by glacial melt water and deposited beyond the ice sheet or glacier supplying water and the debris. Such deposits are usually sorted with the coarest sediment being deposited nearer to the ice front and finer material being laid down further away. Terminal moraine: A landform deposited by a glacier or ice sheet which marks the end of a glacier. Erratic: A large boulder of rock differing in character (composition, structure, texture, and hardness) from the pre-existing rock on which it rests. The boulder has been moved on the surface of a glacier. Drumlin: A long hummock or hill, egg-shaped and deposited and shaped under an ice sheet or very broad glacier while the ice was still moving. The end facing
8 the ice is blunt while the other end is shallow and its point is in the direction of the ice flow. Esker: Long, winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel, examples of which occur in glaciated and formerly glaciated regions of Europe and North America. Eskers are frequently several miles in length and have a peculiar uniform shape Examine evidence for the direction of movement of a continental glacier. The direction of a continental glacier can be identify by a drumlin- the point is in the direction of the ice flow. Erractic and also indicate the direction of a glacier, for example, if a particular type of rock is only found on the west coast of Canada and that particular rock is found on the east coast well chances are that continental glacier move that particular rock to that location. Resulting in movement from the west coast to east coast Define the terms cirque, arête, hanging valleys, lateral moraine, and terminal moraine. Circque: Bowl shaped or horseshoe shaped depression carved out in the mountain by the glacier. Arete: the ridge formed when two cirques come back to back. Hanging valleys: Is the secondary valley which is located above the main valley of the mountain. It is separated by a steep cliff or slope form the main valley. (Note: Don t confuse hanging valley with a cirque) Lateral Moraine: ridge f glacier debris pushed along the side of the glacier as it advances down the mountain valley. Terminal moraine: moraine means ridge of the glacier debris. Ridge of glacier debris at the leading edge(front) of a glacier and it marks the furthest advance of the glacier. This ridge is created in front of the glacier because the glacier acts like a bulldozer Define the term fiord. Fiord A long, narrow arm of the sea which is the result of the drowning of a glaciated valley.
9 1.26 Define the term spit. Spit- a ridge of sand running away from the coastline, usually with a curved seaward end. Spits grow in the prevailing direction of longshore drift. Their ends are curved by the action of the waves coming from different directions Define the terms sea cave, sea arch, and stack. Sea Cave A large, naturally hollow in a headland caused by wave erosion. Sea Arch Two caves on either side of a headland are cut until they meet. Arches are relatively temporary, as roof fall isolates the seaward end when they become a stack. Sea stack an isolated islet (tiny island) or pillar of rock standing up from the sea bed close to the shore Explain how sea caves, sea arch, and stacks are formed. Sea caves are formed when the host rock is first contain a zone of relative weakness. The driving force in sea cave development is wave action. Erosion is ongoing anywhere that 1.29 Analyze the process that result in the straightening out of an irregular coastline. How do waves cause erosion? Lakes and oceans get their energy to erode from wind. When wind drags on the water surface, it transfers its energy through the water as friction. The result of this energy transfer is a wave. When waves strike coastal lands, erosion takes place. Aspects of wave movement affect coastal erosion? a) In open water, waves develop in long ridge, or fronts, roughly perpendicular to the direction of the wind. As the waves approach shore, they bend to line up parallel to the shoreline. This bending is called wave refraction and it occurs because water becomes shallow near the shoreline and the energy contained in the wave decreases. Wave refraction results in the energy of the wave being concentrated on the portions of land called headlands that jut out farthest into the water. b) Waves can transport eroded sand and gravel along the shoreline in a process called longshore drift. It develops because the largest, or dominant, waves in front strike the shoreline at an angle, moving loose sediment in the direction of the dominant waves.
10 How coastlines form? 1. Some are formed after a period of glaciation, when the land rebounded after the mass of an ice sheet was removed from it. 2. Sea levels may fall and the coastline may emerge as dry land 3. Sea levels may rise or plate movements may cause the shoreline to sink causing sea water to permanently flood valleys and low-laying land creating a new shoreline further inland. Two categories of coastlines: A) Submergent coastline: also called embayed coastline, drowned or submerged coastline or Ria coast. This coastline results from rising sea levels. B) Emergent coastline: also called cliff-and-terrance coastline. This coastline results when water deepens rapidly from shore and land rises steeply upward Examine how human activity adapts to landforms and water forms Examine how humans respond to hazards posed by selected landforms and water forms Develop a proposal for the economic use of selected land forms or water forms Justify a preference for the aesthetic appeal if selected landforms and water forms Propose a solution to a threat posed by selected landforms and water forms.
Chapter 2. Wearing Down Landforms: Rivers and Ice. Physical Weathering
Chapter 2 Wearing Down Landforms: Rivers and Ice Physical Weathering Weathering vs. Erosion Weathering is the breakdown of rock and minerals. Erosion is a two fold process that starts with 1) breakdown
More informationUNIT 1 - Major Land and Water Forms
UNIT 1 - Major Land and Water Forms Chapter 1 - Landform Patterns and Processes Topography the natural and human features of the Earth s surface. ie. Surface features elevation - the height of a particular
More information1/6/ th Grade Earth s Surface. Chapter 3: Erosion and Deposition. Lesson 1 (Mass Movement)
Lesson 1 (Mass Movement) 7 th Grade Earth s Surface Chapter 3: Erosion and Deposition Weathering the chemical and physical processes that break down rock at Earth s surface Mechanical weathering when rock
More informationChapter 2. Denudation: Rivers and Ice
Chapter 2. Denudation: Rivers and Ice DENUDATION: process that lowers level of land - caused by rivers, glaciers, waves & wind - involves processes of WEATHERING & EROSION Weathering Def: breakdown of
More informationWhat are the different ways rocks can be weathered?
Romano - 223 What are the different ways rocks can be weathered? Weathering - the breakdown of rocks and minerals at the Earth s surface 1. 2. PHYSICAL WEATHERING Rock is broken into smaller pieces with
More informationTopography the natural and human features of the Earth s surface. ie. Surface features need to understand difference between relief and elevation
Chapter 1 Landform Patterns and Processes Highlighted script will not be assessed Topography the natural and human features of the Earth s surface. ie. Surface features need to understand difference between
More informationUNIT 1 - Major Land and Water Forms
1 UNIT 1 - Major Land and Water Forms Chapter 1 - Landform Patterns and Processes Topography the natural and human features of the Earth s surface. ie. Surface features need to understand difference between
More informationErosion and Deposition
Erosion and Deposition Erosion Sediment natural forces move rock/soil from one place to another. gravity, water, wind, glaciers, waves are causes material moved by erosion Deposition when erosion lays
More informationA physical feature of the Earth s surface
Earth s Landforms A physical feature of the Earth s surface A physical feature of the Earth s surface LANDFORM Highest of Earth s physical features Highest of Earth s physical features MOUNTAIN Low area
More informationWeathering, Erosion and Deposition
Weathering, Erosion and Deposition Shaping the Earth s Surface Weathering the process of breaking down rocks into smaller fragments Erosion the transport of rock fragments from one location to another
More informationChapter 3 Erosion and Deposition. The Big Question:
Chapter 3 Erosion and Deposition The Big Question: 1 Design a way to represent and describe the 4 types of mass movement. You may use pictures, diagrams, list, web, chart, etc 2 Chapter 3: Erosion and
More informationRead Across America. Listen as I read for facts about Volcanoes. In the Shadow of the Volcano
Read Across America Listen as I read for facts about Volcanoes. In the Shadow of the Volcano Constructive & Destructive Processes Earth s surface is always changing. Blowing wind and flowing water causes
More information1. Any process that causes rock to crack or break into pieces is called physical weathering. Initial product = final product
Weathering 1. Any process that causes rock to crack or break into pieces is called physical weathering. Initial product = final product End Result of physical weathering is increased surface area. 2. Physical
More informationwater erosion lithosphere Describe the process of erosion and deposition. chemical weathering Dissolving limestone is an example of.
At one time, there was one large island off the coast of Mississippi and now it is two separate islands. What caused the island to be split into two? water erosion The crust and the top part of the upper
More informationTopic 6: Weathering, Erosion and Erosional-Deposition Systems (workbook p ) Workbook Chapter 4, 5 WEATHERING
Topic 6: Weathering, Erosion and Erosional-Deposition Systems (workbook p. 95-125) Workbook Chapter 4, 5 THE BIG PICTURE: Weathering, erosion and deposition are processes that cause changes to rock material
More informationWeathering, Erosion, Deposition, and Landscape Development
Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, and Landscape Development I. Weathering - the breakdown of rocks into smaller particles, also called sediments, by natural processes. Weathering is further divided into
More informationSection 1: Earth s Interior and Plate Tectonics Section 2: Earthquakes and Volcanoes Section 3: Minerals and Rocks Section 4: Weathering and Erosion
Section 1: Earth s Interior and Plate Tectonics Section 2: Earthquakes and Volcanoes Section 3: Minerals and Rocks Section 4: Weathering and Erosion Key Terms Crust Mantle Core Lithosphere Plate Tectonics
More informationEARTH S CHANGING SURFACE
EARTH S CHANGING SURFACE Weathering Together, weathering and erosion work continuously to wear down the material on Earth s surface. weathering process that breaks down rock and other substances of Earth
More informationChanging Earth s Surface
Name Date Class Changing Earth s Surface What processes wear down and build up Earth s surface? What causes the different types of mass movement? Erosion is the process by which natural forces move weathered
More informationEROSION AND DEPOSITION
CHAPTER 8 EROSION AND DEPOSITION SECTION 8 1 Changing Earth s Surface (pages 252-255) This section explains how sediment is carried away and deposited elsewhere to wear down and build up Earth s surface.
More informationWhat is weathering and how does it change Earth s surface? Answer the question using
7 th Grade Lesson What is weathering and how does it change Earth s surface? Answer the question using the sentence frame. You have 4 minutes. Weathering is. This changes the Earth s surface because. 1
More information4. The map below shows a meandering stream. Points A, B, C, and D represent locations along the stream bottom.
1. Sediment is deposited as a river enters a lake because the A) velocity of the river decreases B) force of gravity decreases C) volume of water increases D) slope of the river increases 2. Which diagram
More informationFolding. Faulting. Volcanoes
Folding Faulting Volcanoes Most major global mountain ranges were formed by the collision of continental (tectonic) plates Fold mountains are actually formed by crust which have been uplifted and folded
More informationPhysical Geography A Living Planet
Physical Geography A Living Planet The geography and structure of the earth are continually being changed by internal forces, like plate tectonics, and external forces, like the weather. Iguaçu Falls at
More informationSocial Studies 9 UNIT 2 GEOGRAPHIC INFLUENCES ON IDENTITY: PLACE AND PEOPLE
Social Studies 9 UNIT 2 GEOGRAPHIC INFLUENCES ON IDENTITY: PLACE AND PEOPLE The Structure of the Earth To understand the forces that create Canada's physical landscape we must understand the structure
More informationWeathering, Erosion, Deposition
Weathering, Erosion, Deposition The breakdown of rocks at or near the Earth s Surface. Physical Chemical - The breakdown of rock into smaller pieces without chemical change. - Dominant in moist /cold conditions
More informationTAKE HOME EXAM 8R - Geology
Name Period Date TAKE HOME EXAM 8R - Geology PART 1 - Multiple Choice 1. A volcanic cone made up of alternating layers of lava and rock particles is a cone. a. cinder b. lava c. shield d. composite 2.
More information3 Erosion and Deposition by Ice
CHAPTER 12 3 Erosion and Deposition by Ice SECTION Agents of Erosion and Deposition BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What are glaciers? How do
More informationPlate Tectonics. Chapter 8
Plate Tectonics Chapter 8 Vocabulary Crust Mantle Core Lithosphere Continental Drift Plate Tectonics Plate Boundary Fault What Are The Earth s Layers Made Of? Atmosphere: Contains nitrogen, oxygen, carbon
More informationName. 4. The diagram below shows a soil profile formed in an area of granite bedrock. Four different soil horizons, A, B, C, and D, are shown.
Name 1. In the cross section of the hill shown below, which rock units are probably most resistant to weathering? 4. The diagram below shows a soil profile formed in an area of granite bedrock. Four different
More informationWorld Geography 3202 Unit 1. Ch. 1: Landform Patterns and Processes
World Geography 3202 Unit 1 Ch. 1: Landform Patterns and Processes - Planet Earth is dynamic - behaves as if it s a living organism - some changes are rapid enough for us to see and record - exs. Tidal
More informationErosion and Deposition
CHAPTER 3 LESSON 2 Erosion and Deposition Landforms Shaped by Water and Wind Key Concepts What are the stages of stream development? How do water erosion and deposition change Earth s surface? How do wind
More information1. Erosion by Running Water Most powerful cause of erosion
I. Destructive Forces Notes: Destructive force: a process in which land is destroyed or changed such as weathering and erosion. All landforms are a result of a combination of constructive and destructive
More informationPotential short answer questions: What is Pangea? Describe at least 4 pieces of evidence that led Wegener to suggest the theory of Continental Drift.
6th Grade Earth Science Fall Semester Mid-Term Study Guide The mid-term may include: 4 short answer questions,1-2 sketches to draw and/or label, 4 partially filled charts which you should complete, 30
More informationcore mantle crust the center of the Earth the middle layer of the Earth made up of molten (melted) rock
core the center of the Earth mantle the middle layer of the Earth made up of molten (melted) rock crust the surface layer of the Earth that includes the continents and oceans 1 continental drift the theory
More informationYORK CASTLE HIGH SCHOOL CHRISTMAS TERM EXAMINATIONS GEOGRAPHY Duration 1 1 /2 HRS.
GRADE 9 YORK CASTLE HIGH SCHOOL CHRISTMAS TERM EXAMINATIONS GEOGRAPHY Duration 1 1 /2 HRS. Name: 1. Label the internal structure of the earth provided below. WRITE on the space provide. Oceanic Crust/Upper
More informationConstructive and Destructive Forces. Processes That Act Upon Earth s Surface Features
Constructive and Destructive Forces Processes That Act Upon Earth s Surface Features What are Constructive and Destructive Forces? Constructive Force A constructive force is a process that raises or builds
More informationExploring Geography. Chapter 1. Chapter 1, Section
Chapter 1, Section World Geography Chapter 1 Exploring Geography Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. Chapter 1, Section
More informationWorld Geography 3202 Unit 1. Ch. 1: Landform Patterns and Processes
World Geography 3202 Unit 1 Ch. 1: Landform Patterns and Processes - Planet Earth is dynamic - behaves as if it s a living organism - some changes are rapid enough for us to see and record - exs. Tidal
More informationChapter 1: Landforms Patterns & Processes. Pg
Chapter 1: Landforms Patterns & Processes Pg. 10-21 Video Time Physical Geography (6:02) Introduction: Earth is dynamic it behaves as if it s a living organism. Some changes are rapid enough for us to
More informationEarth Systems, Structures and Processes
Earth Systems, Structures and Processes Date: 6.E.2 Understand the structure of the earth and how interactions of constructive and destructive forces have resulted in changes in the surface of the Earth
More informationLayers of the Earth Date: SWABT: Identify and describe the layers of the Earth and their characteristics
Layers of the Earth SWABT: Identify and describe the layers of the Earth and their characteristics CRUST Composition: Thickness: State of Matter: : Mostly Basalt : Mostly Granite : Crust and Upper Mantle
More informationErosion and Deposition
Erosion and Deposition The Erosion-Deposition Process What do you think? Read the two statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if you agree with
More informationWhat type of land feature is located at Point A? A Cliff B Delta C Mountain D Valley
1 What type of land feature is located at Point A? A Cliff B Delta C Mountain D Valley Alfred Wegener s theory of continental drift was 2 not accepted by scientists when the theory was first proposed.
More informationUnit 3 Review - Surface Processes
Unit 3 Review - Surface Processes 1. Why is the surface of Mercury covered with meteor impact craters, while Earth s surface has relatively few craters? A) Mercury is larger than Earth, so it gets hit
More informationI. Earth s Layers a. Crust: Earth s outside layer. Made of mostly rock. i. Continental: er; made of mostly granite, forms the continents and shallow
I. Earth s Layers a. Crust: Earth s outside layer. Made of mostly rock. i. Continental: er; made of mostly granite, forms the continents and shallow sea beds, floats! ii. Oceanic: er; dense rock such as
More informationDirected Reading. Section: Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics 1. Some volcanic eruptions can be more powerful than a(n) a. hand grenade. b. earthquake. c. geyser. d. atomic bomb. 2. The cause
More informationExploring Geography. Chapter 1
Exploring Geography Chapter 1 The Study of Geography Geography is the study of where people, places, and things are located and how they relate to each other. Greek meaning writing about or describing
More informationChapter 2 Planet Earth
Chapter 2 Planet Earth Section Notes Earth and the Sun s Energy Water on Earth The Land Close-up The Water Cycle World Almanac Major Eruptions in the Ring of Fire Quick Facts Chapter 2 Visual Summary Video
More information1.1 Examine patterns in the location of landforms on the earth's surface (Chapter 1)
World Geography 3200/3202 Study Guide Unit #1 Land & Water Forms Chapters1,2,3 1.1 Examine patterns in the location of landforms on the earth's surface (Chapter 1) 1.1.1 Define the term topography (P.
More informationWeathering and Erosion
Weathering and Erosion OBJECTIVE: Explain how erosion and deposition shape Earth s surface by matching and using models How do erosion and deposition shape Earth s surface? Deposition Formation Transported
More informationThe Marine Environment
The Marine Environment SECTION 16.1 Shoreline Features In your textbook, read about erosional landforms, beaches, estuaries, longshore currents, and rip currents. For each statement below, write or. 1.
More informationARE YOU READY TO THINK? Look at the first slide THINK PAIR SHARE!
ARE YOU READY TO THINK? Look at the first slide THINK PAIR SHARE! WHAT PROMINENT FEATURE CAN YOU IDENTIFY IN THIS PICTURE? What do you think the different colors represent? Who might find such a picture
More informationdeep within the planet. They are also shaped by conditions on the planet s surface. In
Chapter 4 Landforms, Water, and Natural Resources Earth is home to many different types of landforms. These landforms are shaped by forces deep within the planet. They are also shaped by conditions on
More informationSurface Events & Landforms. Mrs. Green
Surface Events & Landforms Mrs. Green Bell Work 1) Which event MOST likely causes the slowest change to the surface of Earth? a) Earthquake b) Landslide c) Volcano d) Wind 2) When cold weather freezes
More informationClass Notes: Surface Processes
Name: Date: Period: Surface Processes The Physical Setting: Earth Science Class Notes: Surface Processes I. Weathering and Soils Weathering -! Sediments -! Weathering occurs when rocks are exposed to:
More informationWHAT IS THE EARTH MADE OF? LITHOSPHERE AND HYDROSPHERE
UNIT 8 WHAT IS THE EARTH MADE OF? LITHOSPHERE AND HYDROSPHERE TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 THE STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH... 2 2 THE FORMATION OF THE RELIEF: INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FORCES.... 2 2.1 Internal forces:
More informationPlate Tectonics. Structure of the Earth
Plate Tectonics Structure of the Earth The Earth can be considered as being made up of a series of concentric spheres, each made up of materials that differ in terms of composition and mechanical properties.
More informationTHE EARTH S RELIEF SOCIAL SCIENCES 1º ESO
THE EARTH S RELIEF SOCIAL SCIENCES 1º ESO 1. THE STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH The Earth is divided into layers: The crust is the surface layer. It is a thin, solid layer made of rock. The Earth s crust has a
More informationLANDFORMS. Extra Credit. Name Date
LANDFORMS Extra Credit Name Date 1. Label the drawing above using the words below that match the landforms. canyon meander plateau delta mountain valley 2. The bending of rock at plate boundaries is A.
More informationLANDFORMS. Patterns and Processes
LANDFORMS Patterns and Processes Structure From the surface the Earth is a planet of continents and oceans. There is constant motion on the earth s surface. Seismology is the study of earthquakes. Scientists
More informationEarth Systems, Structures and Processes
Earth Systems, Structures and Processes 6.E.2 Understand the structure of the earth and how interactions of constructive and destructive forces have resulted in changes in the surface of the Earth over
More informationTectonic Plates Test Study Guide Answers
Tectonic Plates Test Study Guide Answers Weathering and Erosion 1. What is the difference between weathering and erosion? Weathering is the breakdown of earth materials and erosion is the movement of earth
More informationName: Answer Key Date: Period:
Name: Answer Key Date: Period: Earth Science Final Exam Study Guide Ch 1: Mapping 1. On the global grid, the equator is at 0 degrees. Is the equator a line of longitude or latitude? Latitude 2. What type
More informationUnit Study Guide: Earth s Changing Surface
Name Date Per Unit 8.3.2 Study Guide: Earth s Changing Surface I Can Statements I Can Statements are the learning targets for each unit. By the time you take the test for this unit, you should be able
More informationPART II. Physical Landscape Chapters 2 5
PART II Physical Landscape Chapters 2 5 Prof. Anthony Grande 2016 Lecture design, content and presentation AFG 0616. Individual images and illustrations may be subject to prior copyright. R E M I N D E
More informationCh. 9 Review. Pgs #1-31 Write Questions and Answers
Ch. 9 Review Pgs. 356-357 #1-31 Write Questions and Answers 356-357 #1-5 Answers 1. The layer of the upper mantle that can flow is the: A - Asthenosphere 2. Most scientists rejected Wegener s theory of
More informationDirected Reading. Section: Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics 1. What can cause some of the most dramatic changes to Earth s surface? a. solar activity b. tides c. geysers d. volcanic eruptions
More informationTheory of Plate Tectonics
Plate Tectonics Theory of Plate Tectonics Lithosphere is made of sections called plates that move around called continental drift Plates move because they float on the asthenosphere Most plates consist
More informationUNIT 3 GEOLOGY VOCABULARY FLASHCARDS THESE KEY VOCABULARY WORDS AND PHRASES APPEAR ON THE UNIT 3 CBA
UNIT 3 GEOLOGY VOCABULARY FLASHCARDS THESE KEY VOCABULARY WORDS AND PHRASES APPEAR ON THE UNIT 3 CBA A map that shows Earth s Topographic Map surface topography, which is Earth s shape and features Contour
More informationCh 10 Deposition Practice Questions
1. Base your answer to the following question on the data table below. Six identical cylinders, A through F, were filled with equal volumes of sorted spherical particles. The data table shows the particle
More informationUNIT 4: Earth Science Chapter 12: Earth s Internal Processes (pages )
CORNELL NOTES Directions: You must create a minimum of 5 questions in this column per page (average). Use these to study your notes and prepare for tests and quizzes. Notes will be turned in to your teacher
More informationYear 6. Geography. Revision
Year 6 Geography Revision November 2017 Rivers and World knowledge How the water cycle works and the meaning of the terms evaporation, condensation, precipitation, transpiration, surface run-off, groundwater
More informationChapter 5: Glaciers and Deserts
I. Glaciers and Glaciation Chapter 5: Glaciers and Deserts A. A thick mass of ice that forms over land from the compaction and recrystallization of snow and shows evidence of past or present flow B. Types
More informationPlate Tectonics. entirely rock both and rock
Plate Tectonics I. Tectonics A. Tectonic Forces are forces generated from within Earth causing rock to become. B. 1. The study of the origin and arrangement of Earth surface including mountain belts, continents,
More informationStreams. Water. Hydrologic Cycle. Geol 104: Streams
Streams Why study streams? Running water is the most important geologic agent in erosion, transportation and deposition of sediments. Water The unique physical and chemical properties of water make it
More informationEssential Questions. What is erosion? What is mass wasting?
Erosion Essential Questions What is erosion? What is mass wasting? What is Erosion? Erosion The transportation of sediment from one area to another Caused mainly by running water but also caused by glaciers,
More informationPage 1. Name:
Name: 1) Which event is the best example of erosion? dissolving of rock particles on a limestone gravestone by acid rain breaking apart of shale as a result of water freezing in a crack rolling of a pebble
More informationWeathering Erosion and Deposition. Presented by Kesler Science
Weathering Erosion and Deposition Presented by Kesler Science Essential Questions: 1. What effects do weathering, erosion, and deposition have on the environment in ecoregions? Weathering Chemical and
More informationDirected Reading. Section: The Theory of Plate Tectonics. to the development of plate tectonics, developed? HOW CONTINENTS MOVE
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: The Theory of Plate Tectonics 1. The theory that explains why and how continents move is called. 2. By what time period was evidence supporting continental drift,
More informationScience and Health EFFECT OF EROSION ON THE CONDITION OF SOIL AND LAND SHAPE
4 Module 51 Science and Health EFFECT OF EROSION ON THE CONDITION OF SOIL AND LAND SHAPE A DepEd-BEAM Distance Learning Program supported by the Australian Agency for International Development To the Learner
More informationErosion Surface Water. moving, transporting, and depositing sediment.
+ Erosion Surface Water moving, transporting, and depositing sediment. + Surface Water 2 Water from rainfall can hit Earth s surface and do a number of things: Slowly soak into the ground: Infiltration
More informationSocial Studies. Chapter 2 Canada s Physical Landscape
Social Studies Chapter 2 Canada s Physical Landscape Introduction Canada s geography its landforms and climate - has a great impact on Canadians sense of identity. Planet Earth The earth is divided into
More informationChapter 2 Geography. Getting to know Earth
Chapter 2 Geography Getting to know Earth Our Solar System Sun is at the center of our solar system Contains a lot of Mass» Mass gives the Sun gravitational pull» This keeps the planets in our solar system
More informationChapter 2 Earth s Interlocking Systems pg The Earth and Its Forces pg
Chapter 2 Earth s Interlocking Systems pg. 24 55 2 1 The Earth and Its Forces pg. 27 33 Connecting to Your World and Internal Forces Shaping the Earth The Earth is unique in the solar system because it
More informationTEST NAME:Geology part 1 TEST ID: GRADE:06 - Sixth Grade SUBJECT:Life and Physical Sciences TEST CATEGORY: My Classroom
TEST NAME:Geology part 1 TEST ID:1542715 GRADE:06 - Sixth Grade SUBJECT:Life and Physical Sciences TEST CATEGORY: My Classroom Geology part 1 Page 1 of 6 Student: Class: Date: 1. The picture below shows
More informationA) B) C) D) 4. Which diagram below best represents the pattern of magnetic orientation in the seafloor on the west (left) side of the ocean ridge?
1. Crustal formation, which may cause the widening of an ocean, is most likely occurring at the boundary between the A) African Plate and the Eurasian Plate B) Pacific Plate and the Philippine Plate C)
More informationVocabulary Words. theory continental drift fault magma lava. weathering glacier erosion deposition delta
Earth s Landforms Vocabulary Words theory continental drift fault magma lava weathering glacier erosion deposition delta Theory: A possible explanation. Continental drift: The continuing movement of the
More informationWatch the next few slides. When the slides stop transitioning get with an elbow partner to discuss the events that caused the formation of the
Watch the next few slides. When the slides stop transitioning get with an elbow partner to discuss the events that caused the formation of the beautiful features. Be as specific as possible. Discuss
More informationUnit 1: Water Systems on Earth Chapter 2
Unit 1: Water Systems on Earth Chapter 2 Create a mind map with the driving question, Why are Oceans Important? Remember: Why are oceans so important? Why are oceans so important? Primary water source
More informationMARINE GEOLOGY & GEOGRAPHY
MARINE GEOLOGY MARINE GEOLOGY & GEOGRAPHY Marine Geology 4 LAYERS OF THE EARTH CRUST THICKNESS: VARIES BETWEEN OCEAN & CONTINENTS 5-40 KM STATE: SOLID ELEMENTS: SILICON, ALUMINUM, CALCIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM
More information1. The map below shows a meandering river. A A' is the location of a cross section. The arrows show the direction of the river flow.
1. The map below shows a meandering river. A A' is the location of a cross section. The arrows show the direction of the river flow. Which cross section best represents the shape of the river bottom at
More informationWhich landscape best represents the shape of the valleys occupied by glaciers? A) B) C) D)
1. Glaciers often form parallel scratches and grooves in bedrock because glaciers A) deposit sediment in unsorted piles B) deposit rounded sand in V-shaped valleys C) continually melt and refreeze D) drag
More informationFigure 1 The map shows the top view of a meandering stream as it enters a lake. At which points along the stream are erosion and deposition dominant?
1. In which type of climate does chemical weathering usually occur most rapidly? 1. hot and dry 3. cold and dry 2. hot and wet 4. cold and wet 2. Figure 1 The map shows the top view of a meandering stream
More informationUnit 4 Lesson 4 Volcanoes. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Magma Magic What is a volcano? A volcano is any place where gas, ash, or melted rock come out of the ground. Many volcanoes are dormant, meaning an eruption has not occurred in a long period of time. What
More informationPrentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE
Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 7 Glaciers, Desert, and Wind 7.1 Glaciers Types of Glaciers A glacier is a thick ice mass that forms above the snowline over hundreds or thousands of
More informationEarth Science Chapter 9. Day 6 - Finish Capillary Action Lab - Quiz over Notes - Review Worksheets over Sections 9.2 and 9.3
Earth Science Chapter 9 Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Read Section 9.1 Surface Water Chapter 9 Term Sheet Notes over Section 9.1 Surface Water Section 9.1 Review Worksheets Quiz over Section 9.1 Notes Virtual Lab
More informationSCIENCE TEST1 (VWILLIAMSSCIENCETEST1)
Name: Date: 1. In which of the following areas would soil erosion MOST LIKELY occur if they received the same amount of rainfall? A. a forest B. flat agricultural lands C. agricultural lands on steep slopes
More informationGeol 117 Lecture 18 Beaches & Coastlines. I. Types of Coastlines A. Definition:
I. Types of Coastlines A. Definition: 1. Shore = narrow zone where ocean meets land (e.g. beach) 2. Coast is a broad area where both ocean and land processes act a. Includes onshore marshes, dunes, sea
More informationPlate Tectonics. Continental Drift Sea Floor Spreading Plate Boundaries
Plate Tectonics Continental Drift Sea Floor Spreading Plate Boundaries Continental Drift 1915, Alfred Wegener - Pangea hypothesis: suggested Earth s continents were part of a large super-continent 200
More information