Quiz Three (9:30-9:35 AM)

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Quiz Three (9:30-9:35 AM)"

Transcription

1 Quiz Three (9:30-9:35 AM)

2 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 112: Earth History Lecture 7 & 8: Dating Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick

3 Last Time 1. William Smith and Water 2. Stratigraphic Principles 3. Geological Time (Web Lecture 6)

4 Clever thinkers: William Strata Smith: He recognized the importance of fossils in distinguishing different geological or stratigraphic units.

5 Stratigraphic Nomenclature Formation: a lithologically distinct rock unit that possesses recognizable upper and lower contacts with other units and which can be traced across the countryside from place to place. Member: an important unit but one not quite meeting the requirements of a formation Corso Group Group: a collection of similar type formations Source: 3dparks.wr.usgs.gov/coloradoplateau/images/bryce_strat.jpg

6 Geological Time The problem is that we have to deal with a lot of time. 4.6 GA = 4,600,000,000 years

7 Geological Time Time Eon Era Time 0 MA (today) Phanerozoic Cenozoic 65 MA to 0 MA Mesozoic 245 MA to 65 MA Paleozoic 550 MA to 245 MA Proterozoic Neoproterozoic 900 MA to 550 Ma 4.6 GA Archean Hadean Mesoproterozoic Paleoproterozoic 1.6 GA to 900 MA 2.5 GA to 1.6 GA 4.1 Ga to 2.5 Ga 4.6 Ga to 4.1 Ga

8 Geological Time Periods: the most useful subdivisions of (mostly) the Phanerozoic eon 65 MA 245 MA 550 MA

9 Pennsylvanian Mississippian Hadean

10 Today s Agenda 1. Relative vs. Absolute Dating Techniques a) Magnetostratigraphy b) Fission Track Dating 2. Radiometric Dating 3. Mass spectrophotometers (Web Lectures 7 & 8)

11 Dating Geologists can time events by putting them in order of occurrence. But, this does not allow you to actually date when those events actually occurred. Source:

12 Geological Dating Techniques Relative Techniques: Assigns an age to a rock that puts it into a narrow range (e.g., mid-devonian; Late Cretaceous, upper Pliocene).

13 Geological Dating Techniques Relative Techniques: Assigns an age to a rock that puts it into a narrow range (e.g., mid-devonian; Late Cretaceous, upper Pliocene). Absolute Techniques: Assigns an age to a rock that is a number (e.g., / MA; 1,453 KA +/- 67 KA).

14 Geological Dating Techniques Relative Techniques: paleontology (biostratigraphy), stable isotope stratigraphy, paleomagnetism/magnetostratigraphy) Source:

15 Geological Dating Techniques Relative Techniques: paleontology (biostratigraphy), stable isotope stratigraphy, paleomagnetism) Cambrian Ordovician Silurian

16 Geological Dating Techniques Absolute Techniques: fission track dating, radiometric dating Source:

17 Relative Dating Magnetic Stratigraphy or Magnetostratigraphy Recall: Paleomagnetism

18 Magnetostratigraphy N The Earth has a magnetic field north is north and south is south, but S

19 Magnetostratigraphy S The Earth has a magnetic field north is north; south is south, but. It hasn t always been that way N Magnetic reversals

20 Magnetostratigraphy Magnetization of ancient rocks at the time of their formation is a good piece of evidence supporting plate tectonics. Source: ems/geosystems11-15.jpg

21 Magnetostratigraphy Magnetization of ancient rocks at the time of their formation is a good piece of evidence supporting plate tectonics... and, it allows us to date rocks (kind of) Source: ems/geosystems11-15.jpg

22 Magnetostratigraphy Reversals in polarity of field are recorded in rocks when they crystallize and as they settle from water Magnetometer

23 Magnetostratigraphy Reversals in polarity of field are recorded in rocks when they crystallize and as they settle from water Magnetometer Vertical successions of sedimentary rock record changes in magnetic field over time

24 Magnetostratigraphy A portion of the paleomagnetic record from 10 MA to 0 MA (today)

25 Magnetostratigraphy Chron Polarity time-rock unit

26 Magnetostratigraphy Chron Polarity time-rock unit Period of normal or reversed polarity Normal interval Same as today Black Reversed interval Opposite to today White

27 Magnetostratigraphy

28 Absolute Dating Fission Track Dating

29 Fission Track Dating The Periodic Table of the elements

30 Fission Track Dating Radioactive elements are unstable

31 Absolute Techniques Fission-Track Dating Measure decay of uranium 238 by counting number of tracks

32 Absolute Techniques Fission-Track Dating Measure decay of uranium 238 by counting number of tracks

33 Radiometric Dating Uranium (and others) are unstable

34 Radioactive Decay

35 Radioactive Decay Three modes of decay

36 Radioactive Decay Three modes of decay 1) Alpha Decay Loss of alpha particle Convert parent into element that has nucleus containing two fewer protons U 235 Pb 207

37 Radioactive Decay Three modes of decay 1) Alpha Decay Loss of alpha particle Convert parent into element that has nucleus containing two fewer protons 2) Beta Decay Loss of beta particle Convert parent into element whose nucleus contains one more proton by losing an electron C 14 N 14

38 Radioactive Decay Three modes of decay 1) Alpha Decay Loss of alpha particle Convert parent into element that has nucleus containing two fewer protons 2) Beta Decay Loss of beta particle Convert parent into element whose nucleus contains one more proton by losing an electron 3) Gamma Decay Capture of beta particle Convert parent into element whose nucleus has one less proton K 40 Ar 40

39 Radioactive Decay Alpha Decay (Uranium) 238 U 206 Pb + 8α

40 Radioactive Decay Radiometric dating Radioactive isotopes decay at constant geometric rate After a certain amount of time, half of the parent present will survive and half will decay to daughter

41 Radioactive Decay Radiometric dating Radioactive isotopes decay at constant geometric rate Half-life After a certain amount of time, half of the parent present will survive and half will decay to daughter Interval of time for half of parent to decay

42 Absolute Age Absolute ages change Error increases in older rocks Techniques change Biostratigraphic correlations may be more accurate

43 Half Lives Parent Isotope Daughter Isotope Half Life (years) Datable Material(s) 14 C (Carbon-14) 14 N (Nitrogen-14) Wood, shells and organic material 235 U (Uranium-235) 207 Pb (Lead-207) Metamorphic, igneous rocks, Zircon, U-bearing minerals 40 K (Potassium-40) 40 Ar (Argon-40) Metamorphic, igneous & sedimentary rocks; feldspar-bearing minerals 238 U (Uranium-238) 206 Pb (Lead-206) Metamorphic, igneous rocks, Zircon, U-bearing minerals 232 Th (Thorium-232) 208 Pb (Lead-208) Metamorphic, igneous rocks, Zircon, U-bearing minerals 87 Rb (Rubidium-87) 87 Sr (Strontium-87) Various rocks and minerals 147 Sm (Samarium-147) 143 Nd (Neodymium-143) Very old rocks, REE bearing minerals

44 Half Lives Parent Isotope Daughter Isotope Half Life (years) Datable Material(s) 14 C (Carbon-14) 14 N (Nitrogen-14) 5,730 Wood, shells and organic material 235 U (Uranium-235) 207 Pb (Lead-207) Metamorphic, igneous rocks, Zircon, U-bearing minerals 40 K (Potassium-40) 40 Ar (Argon-40) Metamorphic, igneous & sedimentary rocks; feldspar-bearing minerals 238 U (Uranium-238) 206 Pb (Lead-206) Metamorphic, igneous rocks, Zircon, U-bearing minerals 232 Th (Thorium-232) 208 Pb (Lead-208) Metamorphic, igneous rocks, Zircon, U-bearing minerals 87 Rb (Rubidium-87) 87 Sr (Strontium-87) Various rocks and minerals 147 Sm (Samarium-147) 143 Nd (Neodymium-143) Very old rocks, REE bearing minerals

45 Half Lives Parent Isotope Daughter Isotope Half Life (years) Datable Material(s) 14 C (Carbon-14) 14 N (Nitrogen-14) 5,730 Wood, shells and organic material 235 U (Uranium-235) 207 Pb (Lead-207) 700,000,000 Metamorphic, igneous rocks, Zircon, U-bearing minerals 40 K (Potassium-40) 40 Ar (Argon-40) Metamorphic, igneous & sedimentary rocks; feldspar-bearing minerals 238 U (Uranium-238) 206 Pb (Lead-206) Metamorphic, igneous rocks, Zircon, U-bearing minerals 232 Th (Thorium-232) 208 Pb (Lead-208) Metamorphic, igneous rocks, Zircon, U-bearing minerals 87 Rb (Rubidium-87) 87 Sr (Strontium-87) Various rocks and minerals 147 Sm (Samarium-147) 143 Nd (Neodymium-143) Very old rocks, REE bearing minerals

46 Half Lives Parent Isotope Daughter Isotope Half Life (years) Datable Material(s) 14 C (Carbon-14) 14 N (Nitrogen-14) 5,730 Wood, shells and organic material 235 U (Uranium-235) 207 Pb (Lead-207) 700,000,000 Metamorphic, igneous rocks, Zircon, U-bearing minerals 40 K (Potassium-40) 40 Ar (Argon-40) 1,300,000,000 Metamorphic, igneous & sedimentary rocks; feldspar-bearing minerals 238 U (Uranium-238) 206 Pb (Lead-206) Metamorphic, igneous rocks, Zircon, U-bearing minerals 232 Th (Thorium-232) 208 Pb (Lead-208) Metamorphic, igneous rocks, Zircon, U-bearing minerals 87 Rb (Rubidium-87) 87 Sr (Strontium-87) Various rocks and minerals 147 Sm (Samarium-147) 143 Nd (Neodymium-143) Very old rocks, REE bearing minerals

47 Half Lives Parent Isotope Daughter Isotope Half Life (years) Datable Material(s) 14 C (Carbon-14) 14 N (Nitrogen-14) 5,730 Wood, shells and organic material 235 U (Uranium-235) 207 Pb (Lead-207) 700,000,000 Metamorphic, igneous rocks, Zircon, U-bearing minerals 40 K (Potassium-40) 40 Ar (Argon-40) 1,300,000,000 Metamorphic, igneous & sedimentary rocks; feldspar-bearing minerals 238 U (Uranium-238) 206 Pb (Lead-206) 4,500,000,000 Metamorphic, igneous rocks, Zircon, U-bearing minerals 232 Th (Thorium-232) 208 Pb (Lead-208) Metamorphic, igneous rocks, Zircon, U-bearing minerals 87 Rb (Rubidium-87) 87 Sr (Strontium-87) Various rocks and minerals 147 Sm (Samarium-147) 143 Nd (Neodymium-143) Very old rocks, REE bearing minerals

48 Half Lives Parent Isotope Daughter Isotope Half Life (years) Datable Material(s) 14 C (Carbon-14) 14 N (Nitrogen-14) 5,730 Wood, shells and organic material 235 U (Uranium-235) 207 Pb (Lead-207) 700,000,000 Metamorphic, igneous rocks, Zircon, U-bearing minerals 40 K (Potassium-40) 40 Ar (Argon-40) 1,300,000,000 Metamorphic, igneous & sedimentary rocks; feldspar-bearing minerals 238 U (Uranium-238) 206 Pb (Lead-206) 4,500,000,000 Metamorphic, igneous rocks, Zircon, U-bearing minerals 232 Th (Thorium-232) 208 Pb (Lead-208) 14,000,000,000 Metamorphic, igneous rocks, Zircon, U-bearing minerals 87 Rb (Rubidium-87) 87 Sr (Strontium-87) Various rocks and minerals 147 Sm (Samarium-147) 143 Nd (Neodymium-143) Very old rocks, REE bearing minerals

49 Half Lives Parent Isotope Daughter Isotope Half Life (years) Datable Material(s) 14 C (Carbon-14) 14 N (Nitrogen-14) 5,730 Wood, shells and organic material 235 U (Uranium-235) 207 Pb (Lead-207) 700,000,000 Metamorphic, igneous rocks, Zircon, U-bearing minerals 40 K (Potassium-40) 40 Ar (Argon-40) 1,300,000,000 Metamorphic, igneous & sedimentary rocks; feldspar-bearing minerals 238 U (Uranium-238) 206 Pb (Lead-206) 4,500,000,000 Metamorphic, igneous rocks, Zircon, U-bearing minerals 232 Th (Thorium-232) 208 Pb (Lead-208) 14,000,000,000 Metamorphic, igneous rocks, Zircon, U-bearing minerals 87 Rb (Rubidium-87) 87 Sr (Strontium-87) 48,600,000,000 Various rocks and minerals 147 Sm (Samarium-147) 143 Nd (Neodymium-143) Very old rocks, REE bearing minerals

50 Half Lives Parent Isotope Daughter Isotope Half Life (years) Datable Material(s) 14 C (Carbon-14) 14 N (Nitrogen-14) 5,730 Wood, shells and organic material 235 U (Uranium-235) 207 Pb (Lead-207) 700,000,000 Metamorphic, igneous rocks, Zircon, U-bearing minerals 40 K (Potassium-40) 40 Ar (Argon-40) 1,300,000,000 Metamorphic, igneous & sedimentary rocks; feldspar-bearing minerals 238 U (Uranium-238) 206 Pb (Lead-206) 4,500,000,000 Metamorphic, igneous rocks, Zircon, U-bearing minerals 232 Th (Thorium-232) 208 Pb (Lead-208) 14,000,000,000 Metamorphic, igneous rocks, Zircon, U-bearing minerals 87 Rb (Rubidium-87) 87 Sr (Strontium-87) 48,600,000,000 Various rocks and minerals 147 Sm (Samarium-147) 143 Nd (Neodymium-143) 106,000,000,000 Very old rocks, REE bearing minerals

51 Age Determination Mass Spectrophotometer

52 Age Determination The all important age equation: N=N o e -λt No is the number of atoms of parent isotope remaining in a substance N is the number of atoms of daughter isotope produced through decay, λ is the decay constant (which depend on the isotope in question) t is the amount of elapsed time.

53 Age Determination A more useful equation for age determination: Rock age= 1/λ x ln[(do-d) + 1] N Do is the original amount of daughter isotope in the sample N is the amount of current parent isotope in the sample D is the amount of current daughter isotope in the sample λ is the decay constant

54 Today s Homework 1. Review online notes 2. Read War and Peace Next Time Lectures 8a: Stable isotope geochemistry hardcore chemistry! Heads-up for next week s lab Bring Scientific calculator to lab!

55 GY 112: Earth History Lectures 7, 8: Dating Instructor: Dr. Doug Haywick This is a free open access lecture, but not for commercial purposes. For personal use only.

GY 112: Earth History

GY 112: Earth History UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 112: Earth History Lecture 8a: Stable Isotope Stratigraphy Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick GY 112: Lecture test preparation Thursday February 9th Word List for Lecture

More information

GY 111: Physical Geology

GY 111: Physical Geology UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 111: Physical Geology Lecture 21: Rock Deformation Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Last Time A) How long is long? B) Geological time divisions Web notes 20 Geological

More information

The principle of fossil succession allows strata in different parts of the world to be correlated, and worldwide relative ages to be worked out

The principle of fossil succession allows strata in different parts of the world to be correlated, and worldwide relative ages to be worked out Correlating beds using index fossils Stratigraphic Classification: Piles of stratified rocks need to be classified. A formation is an easily identifiable rock unit that differs from layers above and below

More information

Chapter 3 Time and Geology

Chapter 3 Time and Geology Chapter 3 Time and Geology Methods of Dating Rocks 1. Relative dating - Using fundamental principles of geology (Steno's Laws, Fossil Succession, etc.) to determine the relative ages of rocks (which rocks

More information

Timing of Geologic Events. Geologic Time Terms. Laws / Principles of Stratigraphy

Timing of Geologic Events. Geologic Time Terms. Laws / Principles of Stratigraphy Geologic Time Terms Hadean Archean Proterozoic Phanerozoic Paleozoic Mesozoic Cenozoic(Tertiary) Cambrian Unconformity Angular unconformity Half-life Alpha particle Beta particle Gamma ray Neutron UT How

More information

GEOLOGIC DATING LAB Principles and Applications

GEOLOGIC DATING LAB Principles and Applications GEOLOGIC DATING LAB Principles and Applications Geology Laboratory - GEOL 101 Ray Rector - Instructor Earth s Age and History How Old Is the Earth? How Can We Determine Earth s Geologic History? Scientific

More information

Geology Laboratory - GEOL 101. Ray Rector - Instructor

Geology Laboratory - GEOL 101. Ray Rector - Instructor GEOLOGIC DATING LAB Principles and Applications Geology Laboratory - GEOL 101 Ray Rector - Instructor Earth s Age and History How Old Is the Earth? How Can We Determine Earth s Geologic History? Two Primary

More information

Chapter 3 Time and Geology

Chapter 3 Time and Geology Chapter 3 Time and Geology Finding the age of rocks: Relative versus Actual Dating The science that deals with determining the ages of rocks is called geochronology. Methods of Dating Rocks 1. Relative

More information

Quiz Four (9:30-9:35 AM)

Quiz Four (9:30-9:35 AM) Quiz Four (9:30-9:35 AM) UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 112: Earth History Fossils Part 1: Telling Time Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Last Time A) Stable isotopes of use to geology (fractionation)

More information

HISTORICAL NOTES. Catastrophism. James Usher, mid-1600s, concluded Earth was only a few thousand years old

HISTORICAL NOTES. Catastrophism. James Usher, mid-1600s, concluded Earth was only a few thousand years old 1 GEOLOGIC TIME HISTORICAL NOTES Catastrophism James Usher, mid-1600s, concluded Earth was only a few thousand years old Uniformitarianism Charles Lyell published Principles of Geology 1830. 3 HOW DO WE

More information

Time. How we achieved a modern sense of time. Yearly Calendars are Ancient

Time. How we achieved a modern sense of time. Yearly Calendars are Ancient Time How we achieved a modern sense of time. Yearly Calendars are Ancient Stonehenge is 2000+ BC and indicates that ancient cultures counted days and knew precisely the repeat cycle of the seasons. 1 Renaissance

More information

Geologic Time Essentials of Geology, 11th edition, Chapter 18 Geologic Time: summary in haiku form Key Concepts Determining geological ages

Geologic Time Essentials of Geology, 11th edition, Chapter 18 Geologic Time: summary in haiku form Key Concepts Determining geological ages 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Geologic Time Essentials of Geology, 11 th edition, Chapter 18 Geologic Time: summary in haiku form Superposition and horizontality tell stories in rocks. Key

More information

The Geology of Pacific Northwest Rocks & Minerals Activity 1: Geologic Time

The Geology of Pacific Northwest Rocks & Minerals Activity 1: Geologic Time Name: Age: I. Introduction There are two types of geologic time, relative and absolute. In the case of relative time geologic events are arranged in their order of occurrence. No attempt is made to determine

More information

Stratigraphy and Geologic Time. How old are the rocks?

Stratigraphy and Geologic Time. How old are the rocks? Stratigraphy and Geologic Time How old are the rocks? 1 Questions What is the difference between Absolute and Relative dating? How old is the Earth? How can we use fossils to date rocks? How are the absolute

More information

Chapter 11 (Geologic Time)

Chapter 11 (Geologic Time) Chapter 11 (Geologic Time) Knowing the chronology of events is crucial for interpreting geologic history. One of the early figures in geology, James Hutton, observed of geologic time that there is "No

More information

geologic age of Earth - about 4.6 billion years

geologic age of Earth - about 4.6 billion years Geologic Time Geologic Time geologic age of Earth - about 4.6 billion years Geologic Time very difficult to appreciate from our human perspective necessary to understand history of Earth two basic ways

More information

Rock cycle diagram. Principle of Original Horizontality. Sediment is deposited horizontally

Rock cycle diagram. Principle of Original Horizontality. Sediment is deposited horizontally Geologic Time Rock cycle diagram Leaves of History Chapter 21 Lateral Continuity Principle of Original Horizontality Sediment is deposited horizontally Principle of Superposition Oldest rock A Younger

More information

Fossils: evidence of past life

Fossils: evidence of past life Fossils: evidence of past life Remains or traces of prehistoric life Petrified Cavities and pores are filled with precipitated mineral matter Petrified Formed by replacement Cell material is removed and

More information

II. Knowing and Understanding the Six Principles of Stratigraphy:

II. Knowing and Understanding the Six Principles of Stratigraphy: Student Name(s): Physical Geology 101 Laboratory Relative Dating of Rocks Using Stratigraphic Principles Grade: I. Introduction & Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to learn and apply the concepts of

More information

Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating

Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating STM Chapters 7 and 8 Pages 135-142 And 157-166 Radioactivity and radiometric dating Atomic structure Radioactivity Allows us to put numerical ages on geologic events

More information

GEOLOGICAL TIME / DATING TECHNIQUES

GEOLOGICAL TIME / DATING TECHNIQUES DATE DUE: INSTRUCTOR: TERRY J. BOROUGHS Geology 305 NAME: SECTION: GEOLOGICAL TIME / DATING TECHNIQUES Instructions: Read each question carefully before selecting the BEST answer. Provide specific and

More information

GEOLOGICAL TIME / DATING TECHNIQUES

GEOLOGICAL TIME / DATING TECHNIQUES DATE DUE: INSTRUCTOR: TERRY J. BOROUGHS Geology 305 NAME: SECTION: GEOLOGICAL TIME / DATING TECHNIQUES Instructions: Read each question carefully before selecting the BEST answer. Provide specific and

More information

Remains or traces of prehistoric life

Remains or traces of prehistoric life Fossils: evidence of past life Remains or traces of prehistoric life Petrified Cavities and pores are filled with precipitated p mineral matter Petrified Formed by replacement Cell material is removed

More information

5. Chronostratigraphy and Geological Time

5. Chronostratigraphy and Geological Time 5. Chronostratigraphy and Geological Time Chronostratigraphy is the unifying construct that defines (ideally by international agreement) boundaries for systems, series, and stages. Chronostratigraphy is

More information

Chapter 17. Geologic Time: Concepts and Principles

Chapter 17. Geologic Time: Concepts and Principles Chapter 17 Geologic Time: Concepts and Principles Introduction The Grand Canyon - Major John Wesley Powell, in 1869, led a group of explorers down the Colorado River. Powell was impressed with the geology

More information

Age of Earth/Geologic Time. Vocabulary

Age of Earth/Geologic Time. Vocabulary Age of Earth/Geologic Time Vocabulary Big Ideas Geologic Time Earth Structures Identify current methods for measuring the age of Earth and its parts, including the law of superposition and radioactive

More information

Lecture Outline Friday Feb. 21 Wednesday Feb. 28, 2018

Lecture Outline Friday Feb. 21 Wednesday Feb. 28, 2018 Lecture Outline Friday Feb. 21 Wednesday Feb. 28, 2018 Questions? Key Points for today What are the 5 relative age dating principles and how do you apply the principles to determine a geologic history

More information

Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating

Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating Radioactivity and radiometric dating Atomic structure Radioactivity Allows us to put numerical ages on geologic events Atomic structure reviewed Atom model Nucleus

More information

Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating

Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating Radioactivity and radiometric dating Atomic structure Radioactivity Allows us to put numerical ages on geologic events Atomic structure reviewed Nucleus composed

More information

Radiometric Dating and the Age of the Earth

Radiometric Dating and the Age of the Earth Radiometric Dating and the Age of the Earth How to tell time: Relative Time: putting events in time order. Law of Superposition Correlation of rock layers using fossils. There is a wonderful order and

More information

6/30/2018. Geologic Time. Earth, Chapter 9 Chapter 9 Geologic Time

6/30/2018. Geologic Time. Earth, Chapter 9 Chapter 9 Geologic Time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Geologic Time Earth, Chapter 9 Chapter 9 Geologic Time The Importance of a Time Scale Interpreting Earth s history is an important goal of the science of

More information

Geologic Time. Earth s History

Geologic Time. Earth s History Geologic Time Chapter 12 Earth s History Earth s history is recorded in rocks Rocks record geological events and changing life forms of the past. We have learned that Earth is much older than anyone had

More information

Geologic Time. Geologic Events

Geologic Time. Geologic Events Geologic Time Much of geology is focused on understanding Earth's history. The physical characteristics of rocks and minerals offer clues to the processes and conditions on and within Earth in the past.

More information

Phys 214. Planets and Life

Phys 214. Planets and Life Phys 214. Planets and Life Dr. Cristina Buzea Department of Physics Room 259 E-mail: cristi@physics.queensu.ca (Please use PHYS214 in e-mail subject) Lecture 10. Geology and life. Part 1 (Page 99-123)

More information

Unit 2 Lesson 3 Absolute Dating. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 2 Lesson 3 Absolute Dating. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company It s About Time! How can the absolute age of rock be determined? Determining the actual age of an event or object in years is called absolute dating. Scientists often use radioactive isotopes to find the

More information

Chapter 8 TIMING THE GEOLOGIC RECORD

Chapter 8 TIMING THE GEOLOGIC RECORD Chapter 8 Fossils (cont.): Petrified Forest, Arizona. These ancient logs are millions of years old. Their substance was completely replaced by silica, which preserved all the original details of form.

More information

Deep time records showcase: Earth Systems

Deep time records showcase: Earth Systems What is Deep Time? Most geoscientists view Deep Time as pertaining to the pre- Quaternary (>10ka [10 4 ]) Last 10ka witnessed a short duration under anomalous conditions of an Icehouse climate state Earth

More information

Geologic History. Earth is very, very old

Geologic History. Earth is very, very old Geologic History Earth is very, very old Earth s History The history of Earth and the ages of rocks can be investigated and understood by studying rocks and fossils. Evidence of ancient, often extinct

More information

SAMPLE QUESTIONS FOR GEOLOGY 103, TEST 1

SAMPLE QUESTIONS FOR GEOLOGY 103, TEST 1 SAMPLE QUESTIONS FOR GEOLOGY 103, TEST 1 The correct answers are listed at the bottom (no peeking!). These questions are to give you an idea of the type of questions that will be asked. They are not a

More information

Geologic Time: Concepts and Principles

Geologic Time: Concepts and Principles Geologic Time: Concepts and Principles Introduction - An appreciation for the immensity of geologic time is essential for understanding the history of our planet - Geologists use two references for time

More information

NOTES: The Fossil Record and Geologic Time

NOTES: The Fossil Record and Geologic Time NOTES: The Fossil Record and Geologic Time Vocabulary: Paleontologist Fossil record extinct Relative dating Absolute dating Geologic time scale Objectives: What are fossils? How are they made? How do scientists

More information

Principle of Uniformitarianism: Laws of nature don t change with time

Principle of Uniformitarianism: Laws of nature don t change with time G e o l o g i c T i m e Principle of Uniformitarianism: Laws of nature don t change with time Radical idea proposed by Hutton in 1780 s Proposed that past events could be explained by modern processes

More information

Fossils. Ch. 29 and 30 Overview

Fossils. Ch. 29 and 30 Overview Ch. 29 and 30 Overview What you need to know: Chapter 29: Fossils, Relative Time, Absolute Time Chapter 30: Geologic Time Fossils Study of fossils called paleontology Original remains rare usually dead

More information

3 Absolute Dating: A Measure of Time

3 Absolute Dating: A Measure of Time CHAPTER 3 3 Absolute Dating: A Measure of Time SECTION The Rock and Fossil Record BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How can geologists learn the

More information

Issues of the Age of the Earth Parts 1 & 2

Issues of the Age of the Earth Parts 1 & 2 Issues of the Age of the Earth Parts 1 & 2 Why is Age such an issue? Incomprehensible ages make evolution seem possible. In billions of years anything can happen Impossible to test possible to construct

More information

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 12 Geologic Time 12.1 Discovering Earth s History Rocks Record Earth History Rocks record geological events and changing life forms of the past. We have

More information

HISTORICAL GEOLOGY. Relative & Absolute age, fossils and geologic time

HISTORICAL GEOLOGY. Relative & Absolute age, fossils and geologic time HISTORICAL GEOLOGY Relative & Absolute age, fossils and geologic time Historical Geology A. Measuring Time 1. Relative Time (Relative Age) Measurement of time using comparison. No numbers used; uses words

More information

Chapter 09 Geologic Time

Chapter 09 Geologic Time Physical Geology 1330 116-S&R 1 Chapter 09 Geologic Time Lectures 12 & 13 Dr. Mike Murphy mmurphy@mail.uh.edu 333-S&R-1 www.uh.edu/~mamurph2/homepage.html Two Ways to Date Geologic Events 1. Relative Dating

More information

Geologic Time Test Study Guide

Geologic Time Test Study Guide Geologic Time Test Study Guide Chapter 12 Section 1 The Earth s Story and Those Who First Listened 1. What is the difference between uniformitarianism and catastrophism? Uniformitarianism: the same geologic

More information

G-100 Lectures 12 & 13 Clocks in Rocks

G-100 Lectures 12 & 13 Clocks in Rocks A riddle: G-100 Lectures 12 & 13 Clocks in Rocks This thing all things devours: Birds, beasts, trees, flowers; Gnaws iron, bites steel, Grinds hard stones to meal; Slays king, ruins town, And beats high

More information

Geologic History Unit Notes. Relative age - general age statement like older, younger more recent

Geologic History Unit Notes. Relative age - general age statement like older, younger more recent Geologic History Unit Notes Relative age - general age statement like older, younger more recent Absolute age - specific age like 4,600 million years old Fundamental Principles of Relative Dating 1. Uniformitarianism

More information

Welcome to General Geology!!

Welcome to General Geology!! Welcome to General Geology!! Professor Weeden: lori_weeden@uml.edu x3344 Olney 402B Class webpage: http://faculty.uml.edu/lweeden/gengeo.htm Text: Murck, BW & Skinner, BJ (2012) Visualizing Geology 3 rd

More information

Quiz Two (9:30-9:35 AM)

Quiz Two (9:30-9:35 AM) Quiz Two (9:30-9:35 AM) UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 112: Earth History Lecture 5: Clever Thinking 2: Plate Tectonics Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Last time... 1. The first geologists and their

More information

Earth Science - Lab #11 Geologic Time

Earth Science - Lab #11 Geologic Time Earth Science - Lab #11 Geologic Time Page # Below are standard geologic symbols for the 3 main categories of rocks. Although these symbols are not universal, they are generally accepted by most geologists

More information

ENVI.2030L Geologic Time

ENVI.2030L Geologic Time Name ENVI.2030L Geologic Time I. Introduction There are two types of geologic time, relative and absolute. In the case of relative time geologic events are arranged in their order of occurrence. No attempt

More information

Name Class Date. 1. In your own words, write a definition for each of the following terms: superposition, geologic column, and geologic time scale.

Name Class Date. 1. In your own words, write a definition for each of the following terms: superposition, geologic column, and geologic time scale. Skills Worksheet Chapter Review USING KEY TERMS 1. In your own words, write a definition for each of the following terms: superposition, geologic column, and geologic time scale. For each pair of terms,

More information

Radioactive Clocks or Radiometric Dating

Radioactive Clocks or Radiometric Dating Radioactive Clocks or Radiometric Dating The time span of relevant events varies from a few centuries to billions of years historians archeologists, anthropologists, geologists, astrophysicists Radioactive

More information

Bishop Ussher (1650) Absolute Age Dating. Early attempts at the age of the Earth

Bishop Ussher (1650) Absolute Age Dating. Early attempts at the age of the Earth Absolute Age Dating Relative age dating just says that one rock unit or geologic event is younger or older than another Dave is older than Steve Absolute age dating gives a number to the age Dave is 89

More information

Geochronology. study of 'Earth time' Historical Geology. study of the physical and biological evolution of the Earth & its life

Geochronology. study of 'Earth time' Historical Geology. study of the physical and biological evolution of the Earth & its life http://talc.geo.umn.edu/courses/100i/1001kirkby/ss6.html Page I of II 3/17/2006 Geochronology study of 'Earth time' time scale of geologic processes & methods of measuring time Historical Geology study

More information

How Old is the Solar System?

How Old is the Solar System? How Old is the Solar System? Earth s crust is constantly changing due to volcanoes, erosion, and plate tectonics. So Earth rocks do not preserve a record of the early days of the Solar System. Instead,

More information

Determining Absolute Age

Determining Absolute Age CHAPTER 8 SECTION 2 The Rock Record Determining Absolute Age KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: Why can t scientists use rates of erosion and deposition as the only ways

More information

Date: TEN UNIT. Earth. History. and

Date: TEN UNIT. Earth. History. and Name: Date: UNIT TEN Geologic Time and Earth History *Dedicated to: Name: Date: ABSTRACTT AND RATIONALE The Earth is very old 4.5 billion years or more according to scientific estimates. Most of the evidence

More information

Geologic Time. Absolute versus relative time. Absolute time. Absolute time: time in specific units (hours, days, years, etc.)

Geologic Time. Absolute versus relative time. Absolute time. Absolute time: time in specific units (hours, days, years, etc.) Absolute versus relative time Absolute time: time in specific units (hours, days, years, etc.) Absolute versus Relative Time Early estimates of the age of the Earth Basic Atomic Chemistry Radiometric Dating

More information

Exploring Geology Chapter 9 Geologic Time

Exploring Geology Chapter 9 Geologic Time Exploring Geology Chapter 9 Geologic Time Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 9: Geologic Time Stratigraphic Principles Relative Age Dating

More information

GEOLOGIC TIME. Smith and Pun, Chapter 7 DETERMINING THE ORDER OF EVENTS

GEOLOGIC TIME. Smith and Pun, Chapter 7 DETERMINING THE ORDER OF EVENTS GEOLOGIC TIME Smith and Pun, Chapter 7 DETERMINING THE ORDER OF EVENTS Examination of ancient rocks reveals the history of our planet. Sedimentary and volcanic rocks record processes that occur on the

More information

Unit A (225 m.y. old) Unit B (how old is it?) Unit C (275 m.y. old)

Unit A (225 m.y. old) Unit B (how old is it?) Unit C (275 m.y. old) Radiometric Dating Relative dating techniques are based on principles can be used to differentiate the relative age rock units and landforms. Relative dating techniques by themselves cannot be used to

More information

GY 112: Earth History. Fossils Part:

GY 112: Earth History. Fossils Part: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 112: Earth History Fossils Part: Telling Time Predicting Paleoenvironments Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Last Time 1. Chronostratigraphy versus biostratigraphy 2. Paleontological

More information

GEOLOGIC EVENTS SEDIMENTARY ROCKS FAULTING FOLDING TILTING

GEOLOGIC EVENTS SEDIMENTARY ROCKS FAULTING FOLDING TILTING RELATIVE TIME (DATING) ABSOLUTE TIME (DATING) GEOLOGIC TIME List the order in which events occurred, without regard to the amount of time separating them. Refers to the age of a rock in relation to other

More information

Geologic Time. This page last updated on 17-Oct-2017

Geologic Time. This page last updated on 17-Oct-2017 Page 1 of 16 EENS 1110 Tulane University Physical Geology Prof. Stephen A. Nelson Geologic Time This page last updated on 17-Oct-2017 From the beginning of this course, we have stated that the Earth is

More information

Biology. Slide 1 of 40. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Biology. Slide 1 of 40. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Biology 1 of 40 2 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life What is the fossil record? 3 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life The fossil record provides evidence about the history of life on Earth. It also shows how different

More information

Read It! Station Directions

Read It! Station Directions Read It! Station Directions Each member of the group will read the passage and answer the questions from the task cards on the lab sheet in the Read It! section. It is important to remember that the answers

More information

How old is Earth? Bishop of Ireland James Ussher

How old is Earth? Bishop of Ireland James Ussher Geologic Time How old is Earth? Bishop of Ireland James Ussher Not so long ago, the Bible was regarded as the ultimate source of truth. Through the 18th and 19th centuries it was believed that the world

More information

Clues to Earth s Past. Fossils and Geologic Time

Clues to Earth s Past. Fossils and Geologic Time Clues to Earth s Past Fossils and Geologic Time Fossils A. Paleontologists study fossils and reconstruct the appearance of animals. Fossils B. Fossils remains, imprints, or traces of prehistoric organisms

More information

Deep Time: How Old Is Old?

Deep Time: How Old Is Old? Deep Time: How Old Is Old? Updated by: Based on slides prepared by: Rick Oches, Professor of Geology & Environmental Sciences Bentley University Waltham, Massachusetts Ronald L. Parker, Senior Geologist

More information

Geologic Time. How can we decipher 4.5 Billion Years of Earth History?

Geologic Time. How can we decipher 4.5 Billion Years of Earth History? Geologic Time How can we decipher 4.5 Billion Years of Earth History? 6 5 10 11 8 9 7 3 4 2 1 14 12 13 15 The Geologic Time Scale Major Intervals Eons- Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic, Phanerozoic Eras-

More information

Relative Geologic Time Scale. Geologic Time Scale

Relative Geologic Time Scale. Geologic Time Scale Dating the Earth The Map That Changed the World The Map That Changed the World William Smith, 1815 Geologic map of England, Wales, part of Scotland Relative Geologic Time Scale The relative geologic time

More information

Earth s History. The principle of states that geologic processes that happened in the past can be explained by current geologic processes.

Earth s History. The principle of states that geologic processes that happened in the past can be explained by current geologic processes. Earth s History Date: Been There, Done That What is the principle of uniformitarianism? The principle of states that geologic processes that happened in the past can be explained by current geologic processes.

More information

The Environment and Change Over Time

The Environment and Change Over Time The Environment and Change Over Time Fossil Evidence of Evolution What do you think? Read the two statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if

More information

Geologic Time. How old is Earth?

Geologic Time. How old is Earth? Geologic Time How old is Earth? Not so long ago, the Bible was regarded as the ultimate source of truth. Bishop of Ireland James Ussher Through the 18th and 19th centuries it was believed that the world

More information

The Proterozoic Part 1

The Proterozoic Part 1 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 112: Earth History The Proterozoic Part 1 Lectures 18/19: Tectonics Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Last Time 1) The Early Atmosphere 2) The Oceans and Hydrosphere 3)

More information

Absolute Ages of Rocks

Absolute Ages of Rocks Benchmarks SC.A..3.5 (pp. 269 273); SC.A.2.3.2 (pp. 269 273); SC.D..3.2 Annually Assessed (pp. 273 276): knows that over the whole Earth, organisms are growing, dying, and decaying ; SC.D..3.3 (pp. 273

More information

Quiz Seven (2:00 to 2:02 PM)

Quiz Seven (2:00 to 2:02 PM) Quiz Seven (2:00 to 2:02 PM) UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 111: Physical Geology Lecture 22: Agents of Metamorphism Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Last Time Rock Deformation A) Confining pressure

More information

Telling Geologic Time

Telling Geologic Time Telling Geologic Time Trilobite fossils these arthropods went extinct during the great extinction at the end of the Permian Period ~250 Ma ka = kilo-annum Ma = Mega-annum Ga = Giga-annum Relative dating

More information

Science 10 Radioactivity Review v3

Science 10 Radioactivity Review v3 Class: Date: Science 10 Radioactivity Review v3 Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true. 1. An atom

More information

Clues to Earth s Past

Clues to Earth s Past chapter 3 3 Clues to Earth s Past section 3 Absolute Ages of Rocks What You ll Learn how absolute age differs from relative age how the half-lives of isotopes are used to tell a rock s age Before You Read

More information

Creation Science Fellowship, Inc.

Creation Science Fellowship, Inc. Creation Science Fellowship, Inc. One Year Creation Program Radiometric i Dating and the Age of the Earth Robert E. Walsh April 7, 2011 Agenda 1. INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS 2. DECAY OF A FREE NEUTRON AND TYPES

More information

Guided Notes Geologic History

Guided Notes Geologic History Guided Notes Geologic History Relative Age Sequence of Events Correlation Techniques Volcanic Ash Markers Index Fossils Geologic Time Scale Evolution Radioactive Dating 9) How has Earth changed over time?

More information

11/5/2015. Creating a Time Scale - Relative Dating Principles. Creating a Time Scale - Relative Dating Principles. The Geologic Time Scale

11/5/2015. Creating a Time Scale - Relative Dating Principles. Creating a Time Scale - Relative Dating Principles. The Geologic Time Scale GEOL 110: PHYSICAL GEOLOGY Why is the Geologic Time Scale important? Rocks record geologic and evolutionary changes throughout Earth s history Without a time perspective, events have little meaning Chapter

More information

Lecture 10 Constructing the geological timescale

Lecture 10 Constructing the geological timescale Lecture 10 Constructing the geological timescale Geologic Time Discovering the magnitude of the Earth s past was a momentous development in the history of humanity This discovery forever altered our perception

More information

GY 112L: Earth History

GY 112L: Earth History UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 112L: Earth History Lab Lecture 1: Rock Review Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Introductory Agenda 1. Contact info for D. Haywick 2. GY 112L Course Outline (syllabus)

More information

8. GEOLOGIC TIME LAST NAME (ALL IN CAPS): FIRST NAME: Instructions

8. GEOLOGIC TIME LAST NAME (ALL IN CAPS): FIRST NAME: Instructions LAST NAME (ALL IN CAPS): FIRST NAME: Instructions 8. GEOLOGIC TIME Refer to Exercise 6 in your Lab Manual on pages 151-168 to answer the questions in this work sheet. Your work will be graded on the basis

More information

Geologic Time Grand Canyon National Park

Geologic Time Grand Canyon National Park Chapter 8: Geologic Time & the Grand Canyon Geologic Time Grand Canyon National Park Colorado Plateau nearly-horizontal rocks lifted feet above sea level River drains Mtns Who was John Wesley Powell? Label

More information

GEOLOGY 1--Physical Geology Lecture #2, 2/9/2006

GEOLOGY 1--Physical Geology Lecture #2, 2/9/2006 Topics: GEOLOGY 1--Physical Geology Lecture #2, 2/9/2006 Lithospheric plates and their motions Types of plate boundaries or margins The present is the key to the past Relative Time Numerical Age Age of

More information

Integrated Science. Geologic Time Notes. Section 1: Geologic Time

Integrated Science. Geologic Time Notes. Section 1: Geologic Time Integrated Science Geologic Time Notes Section 1: Geologic Time To help in the analysis of Earth s rocks, geologists have divided the history of Earth into time units based upon the fossils contained in

More information

TIME. Does not give the. Places events in sequencee 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd. Gives a. exact date of an event. event. Radioactive Dating.

TIME. Does not give the. Places events in sequencee 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd. Gives a. exact date of an event. event. Radioactive Dating. Geologic History TIME Places events in sequencee 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd Does not give the exact date of an event Gives a date or time of an event Uses the Law of Superposition Radioactive Dating Youngest Law

More information

GY 112L: Earth History Lab

GY 112L: Earth History Lab UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 112L: Earth History Lab Week 11 Paleozoic Part 2 Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Today s Agenda The Paleozoic Part 2 (Lab 8 exercises) 1) Sponges & Stromatoporoids 2)

More information

THE HISTORY OF THE EARTH EARTH SCIENCE

THE HISTORY OF THE EARTH EARTH SCIENCE THE HISTORY OF THE EARTH EARTH SCIENCE FOSSILS Paleontology is the study of life that existed in prehistoric times A fossil is any evidence of earlier life preserved in rock. Shells Bones Petrified trees

More information

GY 112: Earth History

GY 112: Earth History UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 112: Earth History Lectures 31: Mesozoic Tectonics Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Last Time Mesozoic Overview A) The end of the Paleozoic B) Mesozoic time frame and evolutionary

More information

Table of Isotopic Masses and Natural Abudances

Table of Isotopic Masses and Natural Abudances Table of Isotopic Masses and Natural Abudances in amu, where 1amu = 1/12 mass 12 C Atomic weight element = M i (abun i )+M j (abun j ) + Four types of radioactive decay 1) alpha (α) decay - 4 He nucleus

More information

Today: 1) Quiz- Vocabulary Chapter 8 2) Lecture on Telling Time Geologically

Today: 1) Quiz- Vocabulary Chapter 8 2) Lecture on Telling Time Geologically Today: 1) Quiz- Vocabulary Chapter 8 2) Lecture on Telling Time Geologically Next Class: 1) Go over Exam 2 2) Continue: Telling Time Geologically 3) In Class Exercise: Radiometric dating Introduction to

More information