GEOG 1010 B. Come to the PASS workshop with your mock exam complete. During the workshop you can work with other students to review your work.

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1 It is most beneficial to you to write this mock midterm UNDER EXAM CONDITIONS. This means: Complete the midterm in 2 hours. Work on your own. Keep your notes and textbook closed. Attempt every question. After the time limit, go back over your work with a different colour or on a separate piece of paper and try to do the questions you are unsure of. Record your ideas in the margins to remind yourself of what you were thinking when you take it up at PASS. The purpose of this mock exam is to give you practice answering questions in a timed setting and to help you to gauge which aspects of the course content you know well and which are in need of further development and review. Use this mock exam as a learning tool in preparing for the actual exam. Please note: Come to the PASS workshop with your mock exam complete. During the workshop you can work with other students to review your work. Often, there is not enough time to review the entire exam in the PASS workshop. Decide which questions you most want to review the Facilitator may ask students to vote on which questions they want to discuss in detail. Facilitators do not bring copies of the mock exam to the session. Please print out and complete the exam before you attend. Facilitators do not produce or distribute an answer key for mock exams. Facilitators help students to work together to compare and assess the answers they have. If you are not able to attend the PASS workshop, you can work alone or with others in the class. Good Luck writing the Mock Exam!! Dates and locations of mock exam take-up: Wednesday, April 11 th 5:05pm 6:55pm in ME 4332 and Friday, April 13 th 8:05pm 9:55pm in ME 3165 Office Hours: Wednesday, April 11 th 1:35pm 4:25pm CSAS Center 4 th Floor ML

2 Force GEOG 1010 B Multiple Choice (1 point x 30 questions = 30 points) 1. Which of the following is not characteristic of ocean crust? A) Buoyant B) Thin (about 7km) C) Dense D) Young 2. The formation of new crust is often associated with which boundary type? A) Transform B) Divergent C) Convergent D) Oceanic-oceanic 3. Which of the following is described by the Mantle-Plume Hypothesis? A) The movement of tectonic plates B) Earthquakes C) The formation of volcanoes at the centre of plates D) The movement of the Earth's continents relative to each other 4. The Himalayas are the result of a: A) Continental-continental convergence boundary B) Oceanic-continental convergence boundary C) Continental-continental divergence boundary D) Oceanic-continental convergence boundary 5. At which point will mass movement occur? B C D A Driving Resisting A). C). B). D). Slope Angle

3 6. Which of the following is the slowest? A) Rock Fall B) Earth Flow C) Rock Creep D) Debris Slide 7. Which of the following supports the formation of an unstable slope? A) Abundance of vegetation B) An arid climate C) Thick regolith D) Adding small amounts of water to sediment 8. With regards to controls on mass movement, the surface tension of water between grains is an example of: A) Friction B) Cohesiveness C) Inertia D) All of the above 9. Cutbanks are characteristic of what type of stream channel? A) Braided B) Meandering C) Straight D) All of the above 10. Which of the following is the largest source of stream water? A) Rain B) Run-off C) Snow melt D) Groundwater 11. You throw an orange into a stream, it takes 50 seconds for the orange to flow 500 meters, what is the stream velocity? A) 10 m/s B) 25 m/s C) 50 m/s D) 250 m/s

4 12. If the water of a stream is very murky this indicates that the stream has a high: A) Bedload B) Suspended load C) Dissolved load D) Rate of deposition 13. Which of the following would result in sediment deposition? A) Increase in stream velocity B) Increase in depth C) Steep slope D) Decrease in channel slope 14. Which of the following is associated with a braided stream channel? A) High suspended load B) High bank stability C) Finer grains of sediment D) High slope 15. Which of the following flood mitigation measures has the potential to cause the least amount of ecological damage? A) Dams B) Floodplain mapping C) Dikes D) Embarkments 16. In 2017, about 100mm of rain fell in the matter of two days in the Ottawa-Gatineau region, which resulted in a: A) Prolonged flood B) Flash flood C) Storm surge D) Dike collapse 17. Glaciers that are not confined to valleys and cover less than 50,000 square kilometers are called A) Non-valley glaciers B) Valley glaciers C) Ice sheets D) Ice caps

5 18. What is the dominant type of continental glacier covering Antarctica? A) Ice cap B) Ice shelf C) Ice sheet D) Valley glacier 19. How do glaciers move? A) Slowly on top and slowly in the middle B) Faster on the sides, slowly on the bottom C) Fast on top, slowly in the middle D) Slowly on the sides, faster in the middle 20. If the amount of water and ice a glacier loses is greater than the amount of snow it gains, then it will: A) Advance B) Retreat C) Remain unchanged D) Retreat and then advance 21. Which of the following best describes the landscape features depicted below: A) 1. Arête 2. Lateral Moraine 3. Terminal Moraine 4. Tarn B) 1. Hanging-valley 2. U-shaped Valley 3. Terminal Moraine 4. Lateral Moraine C) 1. Hanging-valley 2. U-shaped valley 3. Lateral Moraine 4. Terminal Moraine D) 1. Cirque 2. Tarn 3. Lateral Moraine 4. Arête

6 22. Which soil forming process is characterized by organic matter turning into humus? A) Additions B) Losses C) Transformations D) Translocations 23. Which of the following soil orders has a saline crust and a blocky structure? A) Chernozemic B) Brunisolic C) Gleysolic D) Solonetzic Use the diagram below to answer questions 24 and 25: 24. What is the texture of soil given the following composition: 30% clay, 30% silt, 40% sand? A) Clay B) Clay loam C) Sandy loam D) Silty clay loam

7 25. What is the texture of soil given the following composition: 60% clay, 10% silt, 30% sand? A) Clay B) Clay loam C) Sandy clay D) Silty clay Using the following diagrams to answer questions (each shape represents a species) A) B) C) D) 26. Which community is more species rich? A). B). C). D). 27. Which community is more even? A). B). C). D).

8 28. Which community has better biodiversity? A). B). C). D). 29. The distribution of biomes is controlled by: A) Insolation and climate B) Moisture and temperature C) Air circulation and moisture D) Temperature and insolation 30. Which of the following scenarios illustrates competition? A) A honey bee extracting nectar from a flower B) A pride of lionesses hunting gazelle C) Two male bison fighting for access to a female D) Deer grazing on oak tree shoots Short Answer (40 marks) 1. Place the following in the correct position on the diagram (3 Marks): A. Melting B. Trench C. Lithosphere D. Continental Crust E. Volcanic Arc F. Asthenosphere G. Oceanic Crust

9 2. Name two factors that can influence slope stability, briefly explain (4 marks): 3. Briefly describe the difference between an alluvial fan and a river delta (2 marks) 4. How do Oxbow lakes form? (3 marks) 5. What are four main landscape features associated with ice sheets? (4 marks) 6. How are cations held in the soil and delivered to plants? (4 marks) 7. What happens when acidic ions accumulate in soil? What is the optimum ph range for plant growth? (3 marks)

10 8. Explain the soil texture trade-off, include key terms. Which soil texture type is best for plant growth and why? (5 points) 9. Explain the Theory of tolerance and how it relates to the idea of ecological niches (5 marks): 10. Put the levels of organization in order from largest to smallest. (1 marks) Biome, Ecosystem, Community, Organism, Biosphere, Population 11. List 4 types of species interactions and whether they are negative, positive, or neutral (2 marks) 12. List and describe two factors that may lead to decreases in species diversity (4 Marks)