Section 11.1 pp Where Mountains Form

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1 Section 11.1 pp Where Mountains Form Chapter 11 Set a Purpose: TE, p. 236 Reading Study Guide, p. 36 Discussion: TE, p. 236 Differentiating ion Reading Support: TE, p. 236 Visual Teaching Interpret Diagram: TE, p. 237 Teaching Transparencies, Physical World Map, p. 40; Plate Boundaries Map, p. 41 Spanish Vocabulary and Summaries, pp Reading Study Guide, p. 36 Section Review: SE, p. 237 Monitor and Reteach: TE, p. 237 Investigation How Are Mountains Related to Plate Tectonics?: SE, p. 236 Chapter 11 Map Activity Folded Mountain Range: SE, pp Investigations Guide: SE, p. 41; TE, pp. T41, 41 Guide to Earth Science in Urban Environments, City Site and Growth Patterns, pp Explain how some of Earth s major mountain belts formed. Compare and contrast active and passive continental margins. 7a Apply science-thinking skills: observing 7d Apply science-thinking skills: inferring 15 Interpret the effects of technology in daily applications 16 Collect data and construct and analyze graphs 18b Interpret relative and absolute dating techniques 20b Analyze plate boundary interactions 20c Analyze features of the sea floor 21 Explain changes in the Earth's crust 24a Analyze earthquakes: folds 36 Earth Science

2 Section 11.2 pp How Mountains Form Set a Purpose: TE, p. 238 Reading Study Guide, p. 37 Explain how compression, tension, and shear stress deform rocks. Compare and contrast anticlines and synclines. Visualization Examine animations of fault motion: SE, p. 241 Visual Teaching Interpret Diagrams: TE, p. 238 Differentiating ion Reading Support: TE, p. 238 Visual Teaching Discussion: TE, p. 239 Critical Thinking: TE, p. 239 Differentiating ion Reading Support: TE, p. 239 Visual Teaching Discussion: TE, p. 240 Differentiating ion Developing English Proficiency: TE, p. 240 Teaching Transparencies, Mountain Building, p. 13 Spanish Vocabulary and Summaries, pp Reading Study Guide, p. 37 Section Review: SE, p. 241 Monitor and Reteach: TE, p. 241 Investigation How Do Rocks Respond to Stress?: SE, p. 238 Scientific Thinking Interpret a photograph to determine what stress caused rock layers to fold: SE, p. 239 Mini Lab Modeling a Fault: SE, p. 240 Science and Technology Measuring Mount Everest: SE, p. 242 Laboratory Manual, Chapter 11 Inquiry Activity, Faulting and Folding, pp Investigations Guide: SE, p. 42; TE, pp. T42, 42 Guide to Earth Science in Urban Environments, City Site and Growth Patterns, pp Distinguish among the three major types of faults normal, reverse, and strike-slip. ELECTIVE CORE CONTENT STANDARDS 2a Discuss the unified, openended structure of observations 3d Develop a practical and logical procedure 4 Exhibit behaviors appropriate to the scientific enterprise 5 Demonstrate proper use of instruments, equipment, and chemicals 6 Choose, construct, and/or assemble appropriate lab equipment 7h Apply science-thinking skills: designing experiments 8 Use mathematical, statistical, and graphical models 10 Use communication skills to present scientific 13 Practice responsible use of technology systems 14 Evaluate technologybased options for lifelong learning 16 Collect data and construct and analyze graphs 17e Explain the rock cycle 21 Explain changes in the Earth's crust 24a Analyze earthquakes: folds 24b Analyze earthquakes: faults Chapter 11 Earth Science 37

3 Section 11.3 pp Types of Mountains Set a Purpose: TE, p. 243 Reading Study Guide, p. 38 Visualization Observe an animation of the Himalayas forming: SE, p. 243 Visual Teaching Interpret Diagrams: TE, p. 243 Differentiating ion Challenge Activity: TE, p. 243 Visual Teaching Interpret Diagrams: TE, p. 244 Critical Thinking: TE, p. 244 Differentiating ion Reading Support: TE, p. 244 More about The Great Rift Valley: TE, p. 245 Teaching Transparencies, Mountain Building, p. 13 Spanish Vocabulary and Summaries, pp Reading Study Guide, p. 38 Section Review: SE, p. 245 Monitor and Reteach: TE, p. 245 Guide to Earth Science in Urban Environments, City Site and Growth Patterns, pp Classify mountain ranges by their most prominent features. Compare and contrast folded mountains, dome mountains, volcanic mountains, and fault block mountains. 7b Apply science-thinking skills: classifying 10 Use communication skills to present scientific 21 Explain changes in the Earth's crust 24a Analyze earthquakes: folds 24b Analyze earthquakes: faults Chapter Earth Science

4 Section 12.1 pp Weathering Set a Purpose: TE, p. 258 Reading Study Guide, p. 39 Visualization Observe the effects of mechanical weathering: SE, p. 259 Visualization Observe the chemical weathering of feldspar to clay: SE, p. 260 Visual Teaching Interpret Diagrams: TE, p. 258 Differentiating ion Reading Support: TE, p. 258 Discussion: TE, p. 259 Differentiating ion Hands-on Demonstration: TE, p. 259 Visual Teaching Interpret Diagrams: TE, p. 260 Differentiating ion Developing English Proficiency: TE, p. 260 Differentiating ion Challenge Activity: TE, p. 261 Visual Teaching Interpret Diagrams: TE, p. 262 Spanish Vocabulary and Summaries, pp Reading Study Guide, p. 39 Section Review: SE, p. 263 Monitor and Reteach: TE, pp Scientific Thinking Investigate local climate and physical features and predict the types of weathering likely to occur: SE, p. 261 Mini Lab Surface Area and Chemical Weathering: SE, p. 263 Chapter 12 Lab Activity Chemical Weathering and Temperature: SE, pp Laboratory Manual, Teacher s Edition Labsheet 12, p. 141 Laboratory Manual, Chapter 12 Inquiry Activity A, Weathering of Rock Materials: pp Guide to Earth Science in Urban Environments, Underground, pp. 5 12, Parks and Open Spaces, pp Describe how mechanical weathering breaks down rocks. Describe how chemical weathering breaks down rocks. Name three factors that affect weathering rates. ELECTIVE CORE CONTENT STANDARDS 2a Discuss the unified, openended structure of observations 2d Discuss various results of the scientific process 3c Identify and manage variables effectively 3d Develop a practical and logical procedure 5 Demonstrate proper use of instruments, equipment, and chemicals 6 Choose, construct, and/or assemble appropriate lab equipment 7a Apply science-thinking skills: observing 7e Apply science-thinking skills: predicting 14 Evaluate technologybased options for lifelong learning 15 Interpret the effects of technology in daily applications 17e Explain the rock cycle 20c Analyze features of the sea floor 20e Analyze fossil and geologic deposits 24a Analyze earthquakes: faults 24b Analyze earthquakes: faults Chapter 12 Earth Science 39

5 Section 12.2 pp Soil Set a Purpose: TE, p. 264 Reading Study Guide, p. 40 More about Soils: TE, p. 264 Differentiating ion Reading Support: TE, p. 264 Visual Teaching Discussion: TE, p. 265 Differentiating ion Hands-on Demonstration: TE, p. 265 Visual Teaching Interpret Diagram: TE, p. 266 Spanish Vocabulary and Summaries, pp Reading Study Guide, p. 40 Section Review: SE, p. 266 Monitor and Reteach: TE, p. 266 Science and Society Preserving Rainforest Topsoil: The Environment: SE, p. 267 Guide to Earth Science in Urban Environments, Underground, pp. 5 12, Parks and Open Spaces, pp Explain how soil forms. Describe soil composition and the factors that affect it. 1a Understand natural 1b Understand the discoverable and understandable operation of the universe 1c Understand natural causes and effects 1d Understand consistent and predictable operation of the universe 10 Use communication skills to present scientific Chapter Earth Science

6 Section 12.3 pp Mass Movements and Erosion Set a Purpose: TE, p. 268 Reading Study Guide, p. 41 Visualization Examine a landscape formed by erosion: SE, p. 270 More about Mass Movement: TE, p. 268 Differentiating ion Developing English Proficiency: TE, p. 268 Visual Teaching Discussion: TE, p. 269 Differentiating ion Reading Support: TE, p. 269 Visual Teaching Discussion: TE, p. 270 Spanish Vocabulary and Summaries, pp Reading Study Guide, p. 41 Section Review: SE, p. 270 Monitor and Reteach: TE, p. 270 Give examples of mass movements. Explain how erosion reshapes Earth s surface. 14 Evaluate technologybased options for lifelong learning Investigation When Is Mud Dangerous?: SE, p. 269 Investigations Guide: SE, p. 48; TE, p. T48, 48 Guide to Earth Science in Urban Environments, Underground, pp. 5 12, Parks and Open Spaces, pp Chapter 12 Earth Science 41

7 Section 12.4 pp Soil as a Resource Set a Purpose: TE, p. 271 Reading Study Guide, p. 42 Discussion: TE, p. 271 Differentiating ion Reading Support: TE, p. 271 More about Soil Erosion: TE, p. 272 Visual Teaching Discussion: TE, p. 272 Differentiating ion Challenge Activity: TE, p. 272 Critical Thinking: TE, p. 272 Spanish Vocabulary and Summaries, pp Reading Study Guide, p. 42 Section Review: SE, p. 273 Monitor and Reteach: TE, p. 273 Laboratory Manual, Chapter 12 Inquiry Activity B, Salinization of Soils, pp Guide to Earth Science in Urban Environments, Underground, pp. 5 12, Parks and Open Spaces, pp Describe the ways in which human activity threatens soil fertility. Summarize soil conservation methods that reduce soil erosion. 5 Demonstrate proper use of instruments, equipment, and chemicals 6 Choose, construct, and/or assemble appropriate lab equipment 7c Apply science-thinking skills: measuring Chapter Earth Science

8 Section 13.1 pp Streams and Rivers Define river system. Set a Purpose: TE, p. 280 Reading Study Guide, p. 43 Visual Teaching Discussion: TE, p. 280 Differentiating ion Challenge Activity, Developing English Proficiency: TE, p. 280 Visual Teaching Discussion: TE, p. 281 Differentiating ion Reading Support: TE, p. 281 Spanish Vocabulary and Summaries, pp Reading Study Guide, p. 43 Section Review: SE, p. 282 Monitor and Reteach: TE, p. 282 Investigation How Does Stream Flow Change over Time?: SE, p. 281 Career Hydrologist: SE, p. 282 Chapter 13 Map Activity Stream Divides and River Systems: SE, pp Investigations Guide: SE, p. 50; TE, pp. T50, 50 Guide to Earth Science in Urban Environments, Water Supply, pp , City Site and Growth Patterns, pp , Natural Hazards and Disasters, pp Describe the characteristics of a stream or river that affect its ability to erode sediment. 3c Identify and manage variables effectively 14 Evaluate technologybased options for lifelong learning 17d Explain the water cycle 30 Analyze weather data Chapter 13 Earth Science 43

9 Section 13.2 pp Stream Erosion and Deposition Set a Purpose: TE, p. 283 Reading Study Guide, p. 44 Visualization Observe how sediment is transported by flowing water: SE, p. 284 More About Stream Erosion and Transport: TE, p. 283 Differentiating ion Reading Support: TE, p. 283 Visual Teaching Interpret Diagram: TE, p. 284 Differentiating ion Hands-On Demonstration: TE, p. 284 Differentiating ion Developing English Proficiency: TE, p. 285 Spanish Vocabulary and Summaries, pp Reading Study Guide, p. 44 Describe how streams weather and erode the Earth s surface. Describe how streams transport and deposit sediments. Explain how deltas and alluvial fans form. 2a 2b Discuss the unified, open-ended structure of observations Discuss purpose and philosophy of science disciplines Chapter 13 Section Review: SE, p. 286 Monitor and Reteach: TE, p. 286 Mini Lab Modeling River Sediments: SE, p. 286 Investigation What Controls the Shape of a Delta?: SE, p. 286 Laboratory Manual, Chapter 13 Inquiry Activity A, Particle Size and Settling Rate, pp Laboratory Manual, Chapter 13 Lab Activity B, Sediment Sorting and Agents of Transportation, pp Investigations Guide: SE, p. 51; TE, pp. T51, 51 Guide to Earth Science in Urban Environments, Water Supply, pp , City Site and Growth Patterns, pp , Natural Hazards and Disasters, pp c Discuss limited scope and certainty 3c Identify and manage variables effectively 3d Develop a practical and logical procedure 5 Demonstrate proper use of instruments, equipment, and chemicals 6 Choose, construct, and/or assemble appropriate lab equipment 7d Apply science-thinking skills: inferring 7i Apply science-thinking skills: formulating hypotheses 14 Evaluate technologybased options for lifelong learning 44 Earth Science

10 Section 13.3 pp River Valleys Set a Purpose: TE, p. 287 Reading Study Guide, p. 45 Visualization Observe river erosion creating waterfalls and chasms: SE, p. 288 More about Headward Erosion: TE, p. 287 Differentiating ion Support for Visually Impaired Students: TE, p. 287 Visual Teaching Interpret Diagrams: TE, p. 288 Differentiating ion Challenge Activity, Reading Support: TE, p. 288 Visual Teaching Discussion: TE, p. 289 Spanish Vocabulary and Summaries, pp Reading Study Guide, p. 45 Section Review: SE, p. 289 Monitor and Reteach: TE, p. 289 Guide to Earth Science in Urban Environments, Water Supply, pp , City Site and Growth Patterns, pp , Natural Hazards and Disasters, pp Explain how river valleys form. Describe the formation of rapids and waterfalls. 1c MISSING!********** 7a Apply science-thinking skills: observing 14 Evaluate technologybased options for lifelong learning 16 Collect data and construct and analyze graphs 17e Explain the rock cycle Chapter 13 Earth Science 45

11 Section 13.4 pp Floodplains and Floods Set a Purpose: TE, p. 290 Reading Study Guide, p. 46 Visualization Observe Changes in the channel of a meandering river: SE, p. 290 Visual Teaching Discussion: TE, p. 290 Differentiating ion Hands-On Demonstration: TE, p. 290 Critical Thinking: TE, p. 291 More about Dams and Flooding: TE, p. 291 Differentiating ion Reading Support: TE, p. 291 Teaching Transparencies, Features of a Floodplain, p. 14 Spanish Vocabulary and Summaries, pp Reading Study Guide, p. 46 Section Review: SE, p. 292 Monitor and Reteach: TE, p. 292 Scientific Thinking Analyze the costs and benefits of controlling river floods: SE, p. 292 Science and Society Removing the Edwards Dam: SE, p. 293 Guide to Earth Science in Urban Environments, Water Supply, pp , City Site and Growth Patterns, pp , Natural Hazards and Disasters, pp Describe the features of a floodplain. Explain why floods occur. Summarize natural and artificial methods of flood prevention and control. 7a Apply science-thinking skills: observing 10 Use communication skills to present scientific 14 Evaluate technologybased options for lifelong learning 16 Collect data and construct and analyze graphs 30 Analyze weather data Chapter Earth Science

12 Section 14.1 pp Water in the Ground Set a Purpose: TE, p. 300 Reading Study Guide, p. 47 Explain how porosity and permeability affect the storage and movement of groundwater. Visualization Observe an animation showing how geysers erupt: SE, p. 305 Visual Teaching Discussion: TE, p. 300 Differentiating ion Reading Support: TE, p. 300 Critical Thinking: TE, p. 301 Differentiating ion Developing English Proficiency: TE, p. 301 Differentiating ion Hands-On Demonstration: TE, p. 302 More about Capillary Action: TE, p. 303 Visual Teaching Discussion: TE, p. 303 Differentiating ion Support for Visually Impaired Students: TE, p. 303 Visual Teaching Interpret Diagram: TE, p. 304 Differentiating ion Challenge Activity: TE, p. 304 Teaching Transparencies, Groundwater, p. 15 Spanish Vocabulary and Summaries, pp Reading Study Guide, p. 47 Describe the water table and features associated with it. Explain how artesian formations affect groundwater. Distinguish among hot springs, geysers, and fumaroles. 2a 3a 3c Discuss the unified, open-ended structure of observations Identify and frame scientific questions Identify and manage variables effectively Section Review: SE, p. 305 Monitor and Reteach: TE, p. 305 Investigation How Does Water Move through the Ground?: SE, p. 300 Career Wastewater Treatment Plant Operator: SE, p. 301 Mini Lab Measuring Porosity: SE, p. 302 Laboratory Manual, Chapter 14 Lab Activity A, Porosity, Permeability, and Capillarity, pp Investigations Guide: SE, p. 53; TE, pp. T53, 53 Guide to Earth Science in Urban Environments, Water Supply, pp , Parks and Open Spaces, pp d Develop a practical and logical procedure 5 Demonstrate proper use of instruments, equipment, and chemicals 6 Choose, construct, and/or assemble appropriate lab equipment 7a Apply science-thinking skills: observing 16 Collect data and construct and analyze graphs 26 Describe how energy transfers affect weather 27d Analyze precipitation Chapter 14 Earth Science 47

13 Section 14.2 pp Conserving Groundwater Chapter 14 Set a Purpose: TE, p. 306 Reading Study Guide, p. 48 Critical Thinking: TE, p. 306 Differentiating ion Reading Support: TE, p. 306 Spanish Vocabulary and Summaries, pp Reading Study Guide, p. 48 Section Review: SE, p. 307 Monitor and Reteach: TE, p. 307 Scientific Thinking Communicate about how the dumping of toxic chemicals into drains affects groundwater: SE, p. 307 Science and Society The Shrinking of the High Plains Aquifer: SE, p. 308 Chapter 14 Lab Activity Water Budgets: SE, pp Laboratory Manual, Chapter 14 Lab Activity B, Cleaning Polluted Water, pp Guide to Earth Science in Urban Environments, Water Supply, pp , Parks and Open Spaces, pp List factors that affect a water budget. Describe the results of overuse of groundwater. Explain how groundwater becomes polluted. 1a Understand natural 2d Discuss various results of the scientific process 3c Identify and manage variables effectively 3d Develop a practical and logical procedure 5 Demonstrate proper use of instruments, equipment, and chemicals 6 Choose, construct, and/or assemble appropriate lab equipment 7j Apply science-thinking skills: communicating 10 Use communication skills to present scientific 13 Practice responsible use of technology systems 14 Evaluate technologybased options for lifelong learning 16 Collect data and construct and analyze graphs 17d Explain the water cycle 48 Earth Science

14 Section 14.3 pp Groundwater and Geology Set a Purpose: TE, p. 309 Reading Study Guide, p. 49 Visualization Observe an animation of cave formation: SE, p. 310 More about Limestone: TE, p. 309 Differentiating ion Reading Support: TE, p. 309 Visual Teaching Interpret Diagram: TE, p. 310 Differentiating ion Challenge Activity: TE, p. 310 Spanish Vocabulary and Summaries, pp Reading Study Guide, p. 49 Section Review: SE, p. 311 Monitor and Reteach: TE, p. 311 Guide to Earth Science in Urban Environments, Water Supply, pp , Parks and Open Spaces, pp Explain the presence of minerals in groundwater. Describe how groundwater deposits minerals. List three factors that can cause a spring to have a high mineral content. Describe the role that groundwater plays in the creation of caverns and karst topography. 1a Understand natural 17d Explain the water cycle 26 Describe how energy transfers affect weather Chapter 14 Earth Science 49

15 Section 15.1 pp What is a Glacier? Explain what a glacier is. Chapter 15 Set a Purpose: TE, p. 318 Reading Study Guide, p. 50 Visualization Examine seasonal migration of the snow line: SE, p. 318 Visual Teaching Discussion: TE, p. 318 More about How Glaciers Form: TE, p. 319 Differentiating ion Hands-on Demonstration: TE, p. 319 Spanish Vocabulary and Summaries, pp Reading Study Guide, p. 50 Section Review: SE, p. 320 Monitor and Reteach: TE, p. 320 Mini Lab Modeling Glacier Formation: SE, p. 320 Guide to Earth Science in Urban Environments, Underground, pp. 5 12, Water Supply, pp Describe where glaciers form. Explain how glaciers form. Describe two types of glaciers. ELECTIVE CORE CONTENT STANDARDS 1a Understand natural 1b Understand the discoverable and understandable operation of the universe 1c Understand natural causes and effects 2a Discuss the unified, open-ended structure of observations 2b Discuss purpose and philosophy of science disciplines 2c Discuss limited scope and certainty 2d Discuss various results of the scientific process 3a Identify and frame scientific questions 3c Identify and manage variables effectively 3d Develop a practical and logical procedure 3e Present conclusions 13 Practice responsible use of technology systems 14 Evaluate technologybased options for lifelong learning 50 Earth Science

16 Section 15.2 pp Glacial Movement and Erosion Describe how glaciers move. Set a Purpose: TE, p. 321 Reading Study Guide, p. 51 Visualization Observe how glaciers erode bedrock surfaces: SE, p. 322 More about Crevasses: TE, p. 321 Differentiating ion Reading Support: TE, p. 321 Visual Teaching Interpret Diagram: TE, p. 322 Differentiating ion Hands-On Demonstration: TE, p. 322 Critical Thinking: TE, p. 323 Visual Teaching Discussion: TE, p. 323 Differentiating ion Reading Support, Developing English Proficiency: TE, p. 323 Visual Teaching Interpret Diagrams: TE, p. 324 Differentiating ion Hands-On Demonstration: TE, p. 324 Teaching Transparencies, Glacial Movement and Erosion, p. 16 Spanish Vocabulary and Summaries, pp Reading Study Guide, p. 51 Section Review: SE, p. 325 Monitor and Reteach: TE, p. 325 Science and Technology Rivers of Ice: SE, p. 329 Chapter 15 Lab Activity Modeling Glacial Movement: SE, pp Guide to Earth Science in Urban Environments, Underground, pp. 5 12, Water Supply, pp Explain how glaciers cause erosion. Compare and contrast the effects of erosion by valley and continental glaciers. ELECTIVE CORE 1a Understand natural 1b Understand the discoverable and understandable operation of the universe 1c Understand natural causes and effects 1d Understand consistent and predictable operation of the universe 2a Discuss the unified, openended structure of observations 2c Discuss limited scope and certainty 2d Discuss various results of the scientific process 3a Identify and frame scientific questions 3c Identify and manage variables effectively 3d Develop a practical and logical procedure 3e Present conclusions 7h Apply science-thinking skills: designing experiments 10 Use communication skills to present scientific 13 Practice responsible use of technology systems 14 Evaluate technology-based options for lifelong learning 33d Evaluate use of cameras Chapter 15 Earth Science 51

17 Section 15.3 pp Glacial Deposits Set a Purpose: TE, p. 326 Reading Study Guide, p. 52 More about Drumlins: TE, p. 326 Differentiating ion Reading Support: TE, p. 326 Visual Teaching Discussion: TE, p. 327 Differentiating ion Challenge Activity: TE, p. 327 Visual Teaching Discussion: TE, p. 323 Spanish Vocabulary and Summaries, pp Reading Study Guide, p. 52 Section Review: SE, p. 328 Monitor and Reteach: TE, p. 328 Guide to Earth Science in Urban Environments, Underground, pp. 5 12, Water Supply, pp Describe two types of glacial deposits. Describe landscape features characteristic of glacial deposits. 1a Understand natural 1b Understand the discoverable and understandable operation of the universe 1c Understand natural causes and effects 1d Understand consistent and predictable operation of the universe Chapter Earth Science

18 Section 15.4 pp Ice Ages Set a Purpose: TE, p. 330 Reading Study Guide, p. 53 Visualization Observe the retreat of ice sheets from North America: SE, p. 331 Visualization Observe changes in Earth s orbit that contribute to climate change: SE, p. 331 Visual Teaching Interpret Diagram: TE, p. 330 Differentiating ion Reading Support: TE, p. 330 More about Earth s Orbit: TE, p. 331 Differentiating ion Challenge Activity: TE, p. 332 More about Causes of Ice Ages: TE, p. 332 Differentiating ion Hands-On Demonstration: TE, p. 332 Visual Teaching Interpret diagrams: TE, p. 333 Spanish Vocabulary and Summaries, pp Reading Study Guide, p. 53 Section Review: SE, p. 333 Monitor and Reteach: TE, p. 333 Investigation How Does Land Cover Affect Global Temperature?: SE, p. 330 Scientific Thinking Communicate about how human activities influence the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere: SE, p. 332 Laboratory Manual, Chapter 15 Lab Activity A, Ice Age Crustal Sinking, pp Laboratory Manual, Chapter 15 Lab Activity B, Glacial Rebound, pp Guide to Earth Science in Urban Environments, Underground, pp. 5 12, Water Supply, pp Describe the ice ages that earth has experienced and the evidence they left behind. Summarize several hypotheses for the causes of ice ages. Explain how glaciation contributed to the formation of the Great Lakes. ELECTIVE CORE CONTENT STANDARDS 1a Understand natural 1b Understand the discoverable and understandable operation of the universe 1c Understand natural causes and effects 3a Identify and frame scientific questions 3b Form a hypothesis 5 Demonstrate proper use of instruments, equipment, and chemicals 6 Choose, construct, and/or assemble appropriate lab equipment 7a Apply science-thinking skills: observing 7j Apply science-thinking skills: communicating 10 Use communication skills to present scientific 21 Explain changes in the Earth's crust 29 Relate causes and effects of climate 32b Analyze planetary revolution 32e Analyze parallelism of the Earth's axis Chapter 15 Earth Science 53

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