11.4 The Rock Cycle. Rocks and Soils. Objective. Materials. Teacher Tip. Directed Instruction. Content. Introduction

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1 11.4 The Rock Cycle Rocks and Soils Objective Students will explain orally how rocks change form through the rock cycle. Materials Blackline Master 11.4A Discover: The Rock Cycle Blackline Master 11.4B Rock Cards Transparency T-11A Rock Cycle Rocks (found by students in Lesson 11.1), field guides, BLM 11.4A (DISCOVERY ACTIVITY) Teacher Tip For the discovery activity, each student needs to have his or her rock that was found during the rock search in Lesson Have extra rocks available for any student who was absent. Make enough copies of Blackline Master 11.4B Rock Cards so that each student gets one card. Content The rock cycle describes how any type of rock sedimentary, igneous, or metamorphic can change into another type. Wind and water can erode any of the three types of rocks and deposit the sediment someplace else. With evaporation and pressure, that sediment can eventually become sedimentary rock. If temperatures are high enough, any type of rock can melt and become igneous rock. In the same sense, any rock that is buried deep enough and is exposed to enough heat and pressure can become metamorphic rock. Since the earth is always moving and changing, rocks change depending on the forces that act on them. Introduction Distribute Blackline Master 11.4A Discover: The Rock Cycle to begin the DISCOVERY ACTIVITY. Review the terms sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks with the students. rocks are formed when layers of minerals pile up and through pressure and evaporation, eventually harden. rocks are formed when magma or lava cools and hardens. rocks are formed when heat and pressure cause the rocks to change into another kind of rock. Allow students time to examine and describe their They will then use the Internet or a field guide to find out the name and type of rock they have. You may need to help them with this. Students should then try to think of a way that their rock could change into another type of rock. When they finish, discuss their ideas. Have students tell what kind and type of rock they have and how it could change into another type of rock. Students should have inferred that a sedimentary rock could be melted to form an igneous rock. An igneous rock could be changed into a metamorphic rock after being exposed to heat and pressure. A metamorphic rock could change into a sedimentary rock when wind or water eroded tiny pieces from it and deposited the pieces in layers. These layers can harden and form rock. Tell students that today they will learn more about how rocks change form. Directed Instruction 1 Direct students to page 211 and read about the rock cycle. The rock cycle is the process through which rocks change from one form to another. Display Transparency T-11A Rock Cycle and have students look at the diagram and read the information on the arrows. Have them point to the diagrams in their books as you point to each rock and then trace the arrow showing how it can change to another rock. For example, have students point to the sedimentary rock. Have them trace the arrow that points to the igneous rock as you read the sentence, rocks can melt, cool, and harden to form igneous Do this with all the arrows. 2 Direct students to page 212 and read about how the rock cycle is at work in the earth today. The earth is always changing. Wind and water break away pieces of mountains and These pieces are carried by streams and rivers and are eventually deposited somewhere. Through pressure and evaporation, these layers harden and form Ask students if they can think of any places where this could happen. (Students may suggest lakes, rivers, or oceans.) Magma under the earth and lava that erupts from volcanoes produce igneous Can students think of any volcanoes? (Students may suggest any volcanoes. Some famous volcanoes are Mt. St. Helens, Krakatoa, Etna, and Vesuvius.) Heat from magma and pressure of the land s weight can form metamorphic rocks under the earth. Have 262 Purposeful Design Science, Level Three All rights reserved.

2 students look at the picture and use the Word Bank to label the places where each of the three types of rocks can be formed. 3 Give each student a card cut out from Blackline Master 11.4B Rock Cards. Tell students that they each have a card that says sedimentary, igneous, or metamorphic. Play a game to review how rocks can change form through the rock cycle. Have five students come to the front of the class. The rest of the students are to put their heads down on their desks and close their eyes. They must display their cards on their desk. The five students standing at the front of the class will quietly move around the room looking at all the cards. Each of the five must place their cards down on a different desk. They are to place it next to a card that is different from the one in their hand. For example, if they have a card that says sedimentary, they may not place it next to another card that says sedimentary. They must place it next to a card that says igneous or metamorphic. When all five students have placed their cards on a desk, they should come to the front of the room. Instruct the remaining students to lift up their heads and look at their cards. If they see two cards on their desk, they are to stand up. The five students who are standing up will now tell how the rock listed on their first card changed into the rock on the second card. For example, if a student began the game with a card that said igneous and received a second card that said metamorphic, he or she could say, changed the igneous rock into a metamorphic rock. After each of the five students correctly explains how the rock changed form, they choose one card to take to the front and replace the original five students. The five students who began the game at the front of the room take the seats of the ones who are now at the front. You can play as many rounds of this game as you like. Make sure every student gets a chance to tell how a rock changes form and has a turn at the front of the class. Additional Activities Have students make a poster that illustrates the rock cycle. Provide any materials they may need. When they are finished, have them present their posters to the class. Have students use the Internet or books to research famous volcanoes or recent volcanic eruptions. The book Volcano: the Eruption and Healing of Mount St. Helens by Patricia Lauber (New York: Bradbury Press, 1987) tells the story of Mount St. Helens The Rock Cycle Do rocks change their form? You have learned how sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks are formed. But did you know that these rocks don t always stay the same? All three forms of rock can be changed into the other two forms. This is done through a process called the rock cycle. How is the rock cycle at work today? The earth is always changing. Wind and water erode mountains and form Volcanoes erupt and form igneous under the earth s surface form metamorphic Look at the picture and use the Word Bank to identify where each type of rock is being formed. rocks can melt, cool, and harden to form igneous Word Bank can change sedimentary rocks into metamorphic Wind and water can wear down metamorphic rocks and form Wind and water can wear down igneous rocks and form rocks can melt, cool, and harden to form igneous can change igneous rocks into metamorphic Purposeful Design Publications Purposeful Design Science, Level Three Rocks and Soils Purposeful Design Publications 263

3 Do rocks change their form? You have learned how sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks are formed. But did you know that these rocks don t always stay the same? All three forms of rock can be changed into the other two forms. This is done through a process called the rock cycle The Rock Cycle rocks can melt, cool, and harden to form igneous Wind and water can wear down igneous rocks and form can change sedimentary rocks into metamorphic Wind and water can wear down metamorphic rocks and form Purposeful Design Publications rocks can melt, cool, and harden to form igneous can change igneous rocks into metamorphic 211

4 How is the rock cycle at work today? The earth is always changing. Wind and water erode mountains and form Volcanoes erupt and form igneous under the earth s surface form metamorphic Look at the picture and use the Word Bank to identify where each type of rock is being formed. Word Bank 212 Purposeful Design Science, Level Three Rocks and Soils

5 BLM 11.4A Discover: The Rock Cycle Name Can one rock change into another rock? Do rocks stay the same or do they change? What makes them change? Think about what you know about rocks and see if you can think of a way that they can change. 1. Observe and describe your rock. Color: Luster: Texture: Hardness: Shape: 2. Research using the Internet or a field guide to find out what kind of rock you have. Name of rock: Type of rock: (sedimentary, igneous, or metamorphic) 1. How could a sedimentary rock change into an igneous rock? 2. How could an igneous rock change into a metamorphic rock? 3. How could a metamorphic rock change into a sedimentary rock? Purposeful Design Publications. All Rights Reserved Rocks and Soils

6 BLM 11.4A Discover: The Rock Cycle Can one rock change into another rock? Do rocks stay the same or do they change? What makes them change? Think about what you know about rocks and see if you can think of a way that they can change. 1. Observe and describe your rock. Color: Luster: Texture: Answers will vary. Hardness: Shape: 2. Research using the Internet or a field guide to find out what kind of rock you have. Name of rock: Answers will vary. Type of rock: (sedimentary, igneous, or metamorphic) 1. How could a sedimentary rock change into an igneous rock? It could melt, cool and harden. 2. How could an igneous rock change into a metamorphic rock? could change it. 3. How could a metamorphic rock change into a sedimentary rock? Wind and water could wear it down and form layers of sedimentary rock. Purposeful Design Publications. All Rights Reserved Rocks and Soils

7 BLM 11.4B Rock Cards Purposeful Design Publications. All Rights Reserved Rocks and Soils

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9 rocks can melt, cool, and harden to form igneous Wind and water can wear down igneous rocks and form can change sedimentary rocks into metamorphic Wind and water can wear down metamorphic rocks and form rocks can melt, cool, and harden to form igneous can change igneous rocks into metamorphic Rock Cycle Purposeful Design Publications. All Rights Reserved T-11A

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