A Sedimentary Rock is..
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1 Sedimentary Rocks
2 A Sedimentary Rock is.. rock formed from the lithification or crystallization of: 1. Minerals in solution 2. Organic remains 3. Materials produced by living things (biochemical) 4. Clastic Sediments (rock fragments of all sizes)
3 Lithification-to harden and form rock (Deposition, Compaction, Cementation)
4 Silica Crystals
5 Crystallization- Solidification of dissolved minerals from solution.
6 Types of Sedimentary Rocks Clastic-Made of fragments of other rocks. Chemical-Made from dissolved minerals. Biochemical-Made by living things, but was never alive (seashells). Organic-Made of the organic remains of living things.
7 Clastic Sedimentary Rocks- Gravel Conglomerate
8 Conglomerate from gravel Clastic Sedimentary Rocks from mud from sand
9 Chemical Sedimentary Rocks- Gypsum
10 Biochemical Sedimentary Rocks- Biochemical Limestone
11 Swamp Organic Sedimentary Rocks- Coal
12 Sediment- Rock fragments, dissolved minerals and remains of living and nonliving parts of plants and animals.
13 Clastic Sediments- Fragments of pre-existing rock.
14 Sand Bar
15 Gravel Bar
16 Tallus Pile
17 Glacial Sediment
18 Chemical Sediments- Minerals in solution in water.
19
20
21
22
23 Biochemical Sediments- Nonliving remains of plants and animals.
24
25 Organic Sediments-remains of the living tissues of plants and animals.
26 Peat- Plant remains
27
28 Sedimentary Rocks are identified by their horizontal layers called.
29
30 Sediment Classification I Sediments Are Classified Based On: 1. Origin and Composition (What they are made of).
31 Rock Fragments
32 Organic Remains
33 Biochemical Remains
34 Chemical Sediments
35 Sediment Classification II 2. Size of the sediment (clastic sediments range in size from clay to boulders)
36 B o u l d e r s
37
38 Cobble Stones
39 Gravel
40 Pebbles
41 S a n d
42 Silt
43 Clay Sediments
44 Sediment Production Sediments are produced by: by: Weathering (breaking down) and Erosion (transport) of Parent material Chemical and Physical Processes.
45 Weathering by wind-blown sand (Physical weathering)
46
47 Weathering and Erosion by Glacier (physical)
48
49 Glacier Scrapes
50 Weathering by Ice Wedging (Physical)
51
52 Exfoliation (Physical)
53
54 Weathering by Living Things (Biomechanical/Physical)
55 Chemical Weathering by water
56 Chemical Weathering of Limestone
57 Weathering by Living Things (Biochemical)
58 Sediment Transport Sediments are transported from: by: Source to Location of Deposition Wind, Water, Gravity, Ice and Volcanic- Eruption
59 Transport Mechanisms
60 Wind
61 Water
62 Ice
63 Gravity
64 Volcanic Eruption
65 Sediment Characteristics Determined by: Extent of Weathering Duration of Weathering Type of Transport Distance of Transport
66 Clastic Sedimentary Rock Classification Clastic Sedimentary rocks are classified based upon: Grain Size Grain Shape
67 Grain Size
68 Clastic Sedimentary Rock Classification: Grain Shape
69 Jagged Clastic Sediments
70
71 Rounded Clastic Sediments
72 Conglomerate
73 How Sedimentary Rocks are Formed
74 Step 1: Sediment Production Mechanical Weathering Chemical Weathering Biomechanical Weathering Biochemical Weathering
75 Step 2: Sediment Transport Wind Water Glaciers Gravity Volcanic Eruption
76 Shaping of Sediments
77 Step 4: Sorting of Clastic Sediments
78 Sorting of Sediments Sediments are Sorted by their Transport Agents According to: S I z e of the Sediment And The Force and Energy of the transport agent
79 Sorting of Sediments Very Poorly Sorted Very Well Sorted
80
81
82
83 Poorly Sorted Clastic Sediments
84 Sorting of Sediments: Glaciers
85
86
87
88 Step 5:Lithification: Deposition Deposition (to lay down) happens when: -the Transport Agent no longer has the energy/force required to carry the Sediment Determined by: -Size/Weight of Sediments -Amount of Energy/Force in Transport Agent
89 Step 6: Lithification: Compaction
90 Step 7: Lithification: Cementation
91 Conglomerates, Sandstone and Shale
92 Clastic Sedimentary Rock Names: Particle Size and Shape The name of a Clastic Sedimentary Rock is determined by the size and shape of the sediments that make up the rock.
93 Clastic Sedimentary Rock Names: Sediment Particle Size Gravel Sand Silt Clay Conglomerate Sandstone Siltstone Shale
94 Clastic Sedimentary Rocks Sandstone Siltstone Mudstone
95
96 Clastic Sedimentary Rocks Mudstone and Siltstone Arkose
97 Sedimentary Rocks of Chemical Origin
98 Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Precipitation and Evaporation
99 Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Evaporites Gypsum Halite
100 Travertine Stalactites
101 Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Evaporites Salt Flats
102 Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Carbonates The Carbonate Sedimenatary Rocks are composed of mostly Calcium Carbonate. The Carbonates are divided into: Inorganic Carbonates And Biochemical Carbonates (contains remains of living things)
103 Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Inorganic Carbonates Travertine
104 Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Inorganic Carbonates
105 Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Inorganic Carbonates Travertine
106 Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Inorganic Carbonates Inorganic Limestone
107 Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Silica-based Sedimentary Rocks Chert (Flint) Nodules
108 Geodes
109 Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Biochemical Carbonates Stromatolitic Limestone Biochemical Limestone
110 Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Biochemical Carbonates Biochemical Limestone
111 Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Biochemical Carbonates Coquina Chalk
112 Sedimentary Rocks of Organic Origin
113 Organic Sedimentary Rocks: Coal
114 Sedimentary Formations
115 Stratification
116
117 Graded Bedding
118
119 Cross-Bedding Bedding Planes not Parallel
120
121
122
123 Ripple Marks Beach River
124
125
126
127
128
129 M u d c r a c k s
130 Mud Cracks
131
132 Fossils
133 Fossils: Molds
134 Fossils: Casts
135
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EARTH SCIENCE 11 CHAPTER 5 NOTES KEY How Earth's Rocks Were Formed Early geologists believed that the physical features of the Earth were formed by sudden spectacular events called CATASTROPHES. Modern
More informationSedimentary Rocks and Processes
Sedimentary Rocks and Processes Weathering Sedimentary Processes Breakdown of pre-existing rock by physical and chemical processes Transport Movement of sediments from environments of relatively high potential
More informationYour teacher will show you a sample or diagram of each, and show you a settling column. Draw these, and label your diagrams (8 pts) Ungraded:
From Sand to Stone: How do we recognize and interpret sedimentary rocks in the rock record? (Based closely on the University of Washington ESS 101 Lab 5: Sedimentary Rocks) Introduction: This lab consists
More informationSedimentary rocks. Sedimentary Rocks are produced from weathered debris of older rocks. Sedimentary rocks are produced by the following steps:
Sedimentary rocks Most figures contained here are fro m Understand ing Earth Fourth Edition by F rank P ress, Raymond Sieve r, John Grotzinge r, and Thomas H. Jor dan Sedimentary Rocks are produced from
More informationName: Grade: GEOL Physical Geology Laboratory Sedimentaryand Metamorphic Rocks Lab #6
Name: GEOL 101 - Physical Geology Laboratory Sedimentaryand Metamorphic Rocks Lab #6 Grade: PRELAB SECTION To be completed before labs starts: I. Introduction & Purpose: The purpose of this laboratory
More informationI. Uniformitarianism- James Hutton s 2-part theory states: A. The geologic processes now at work were also active in the past B. The present physical
How Earth s Rocks Were Formed I. Uniformitarianism- James Hutton s 2-part theory states: A. The geologic processes now at work were also active in the past B. The present physical features of Earth were
More information2 Igneous Rock. How do igneous rocks form? What factors affect the texture of igneous rock? BEFORE YOU READ. Rocks: Mineral Mixtures
CHAPTER 2 2 Igneous Rock SECTION Rocks: Mineral Mixtures BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How do igneous rocks form? What factors affect the texture
More informationName Class Date. In your textbook, read about the nature of igneous rocks. Use each of the terms below just once to complete the following statements.
CHAPTER 5 Igneous Rocks SECTION 5.1 What are igneous rocks? In your textbook, read about the nature of igneous rocks. Use each of the terms below just once to complete the following statements. basaltic
More informationRock Types. Sedimentary Rocks. Lithification = becoming a rock
Rock Types Sedimentary Rocks lithification make up about 70-75% of the rocks at the Earth s surface form environments such as beaches, rivers, oceans and anywhere that sand, mud, clay and other types of
More informationPDF HOW DO CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS FORM EBOOK
06 February, 2018 PDF HOW DO CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS FORM EBOOK Document Filetype: PDF 457.68 KB 0 PDF HOW DO CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS FORM EBOOK The rock fragments that form clastic sedimentary rocks
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