Dynamic behaviour of transition zones in railways
|
|
- Eustacia Griffith
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Dynamic behaviour of transition zones in railways B. E. Z. Coelho 1 Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands P. Hölscher Deltares, Delft, the Netherlands F. B. J. Barends Delft University of Technology and Deltares, Delft, the Netherlands ABSTRACT Transitions between the free track and fixed structures such as bridges and culverts often require substantial additional maintenance to preserve line and level and ride quality. This extra maintenance not only increases costs but causes delays. Despite its importance for railway infrastructure owners, the fundamental cause of the poor performance of transition zones is not fully understood. To gain a better insight into the physical mechanisms that are involved, an extensive field investigation has commenced on a known problematic transition zone in the Netherlands. The transition zone chosen is typical of those found on Dutch Railways, consisting of two reinforced concrete slabs, which span between the free track and a concrete culvert. The free track consists of 4 m high embankment, initially made from sand, on top of a peat layer 7 m thick. At a depth of 11 m below the track there is a sand layer, in which the piles that support the culvert are founded. In this paper the dynamic behaviour of the transition zone in response to routine passenger trains will be presented, together with the numerical analysis. Keywords: railway, transition zones, dynamic behaviour, static behaviour 1 INTRODUCTION Preservation of track quality is one of the main concerns for railways infrastructures managers, in line with safety regulations and passenger comfort. Because of increasing train speed and axle loads, standards are becoming more restrictive regarding the admissible limits for track quality. This leads to an increase in maintenance (given current design and construction techniques). Recent studies [1,] have shown that track maintenance represents between 40 to 70% of the total budget spent for railway maintenance. Transition zones are among the most demanding locations. These link the free track to (or from) a structure, such as bridges, tunnels or culverts. Despite its importance, very little research has been undertaken to understand the physical causes of the track degradation phenomena. At present there are only limited experimental data on the behaviour of transition zones. Most experimental work has been performed on normal track, with attention focussed on wave propagation effects [3-7]. Kolisoja and Mäkelä [8] evaluated transition behaviour from a structural point of view, but obtained no significant information about the soil/track behaviour. Jenks [9] and Lundqvist et al. [10] presented track stiffness profiles, and determined relationships between stiffness and track degradation; both papers stated that the problems with transitions are due to the abrupt stiffness 1 TNO-Bouw, Van Mourik Broekmanstraat 6, 68 VK Delft, Netherlands. bruno.coelho@tno.nl
2 variation between the normal track and that on the structure. Thus to overcome this shortfall in knowledge, and therefore improve the design and maintenance of transition zones, an extensive monitoring program has been initiated in the Netherlands, over one complete year. The main goal was to gain a better insight into the physical mechanisms that occur at a transition zone, not only during individual train passages, but also the cumulative effect these have on track behaviour and the influence of the maintenance cycles. ballast thickness is about 1. m - much more than on the embankment. This is the result of years of maintenance, primarily comprising tamping and re-ballasting. SITE OVERVIEW The site chosen for the monitoring is located in the centre of the Netherlands, and consists of a transition zone between an embankment and a piled concrete culvert. The track is composed by UIC54 rails connected to timber sleepers, on top of a ballast layer. The transition structure itself comprises two reinforced concrete slabs, each of 4 m length, on both sides of the culvert. The culvert is a m square box to allow for water flow between the two sides of the railway track and is a typical solution used in the Netherlands. The soil profile comprises a 4 m embankment on top of a 7 m peat/clay layer, with a sand layer in between. At about 11 m depth a stiffer sand layer is observed, in which the piles that support the culvert are founded. Figures 1 and show the results of a Vertical Seismic Cone Penetration Test (VSPT) carried out at the site. The discrepancies within and between the traces indicate that the embankment is quite heterogeneous. The very low cone resistance of the soft peat/clay layer together with the low shear wave velocity, confirms that its mechanical properties are poor, and there is a thin sand layer at about 8 m depth. The ballast thickness was determined by means of trial pit excavations and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). The initial ballast thickness (according to the design drawings) was 30 cm, but as shown in Figure 3, on top of the culvert the ballast is now about 80 cm thick. Above the free end of the transition slab the Figure 1. Tip resistance. Figure. Shear wave velocity.
3 3 MONITORING PLAN The dynamic measurements of displacement, velocity and acceleration were undertaken during scheduled train services. In total, 14 train passes were recorded with the types of trains shown in Table 1. Nine uniaxial accelerometers (A), three triaxial accelerometers (T), eleven geophones (G), and 1 video camera were used to measure accelerations, velocities and displacements of the track and soil, respectively. Figure 3. Ballast thickness and approach slab position from Ground Penetration Radar 4 STATIC BEHAVIOUR The results from the static vertical displacement of the track are shown in Figure 5. These results cover the time period between October 008 and June 009, which corresponds to a complete maintenance cycle (first levelling was performed directly after maintenance had been performed). Between the measurements of October and November significant settlement of the track occurred. This is most likely due to ballast densification during train traffic after maintenance. Afterwards, the points located on top of the culvert show no settlement, but the points located above the approach slab and embankment continues to settle due to consolidation or secondary compression. This becomes clear in Figure 6, where the track settlement rate is shown. After an initial fast settlement, the settlement is approximately constant. The pattern found for the track settlement follows the ones observed in the literature [11,1]. Figure 4 shows the locations of the geophones and accelerometers. Geophones were mounted both on the sleepers and within the soil; all of the accelerometers were located within the soil. Transducer G8 measured in the horizontal direction parallel with the track. Transducers T1, T and T3 were triaxial accelerometers, measuring in three mutually perpendicular directions (vertical, lateral and horizontal) at each of the three locations. Table 1. Train information Train type Number of Range of speeds train passages Intercity double deck (IDD) Intercity single deck train set (ISD) locomotive with carriages (ILC) Local train (LT) Figure 4. Setup overview. From a comparison between the left/east and the right/west side of the culvert it can be observed that, though the behaviour seems different when considering the total vertical displacement (Figure 5), a close look to the displacement rate shows that the results on the two sides of the culvert are quite similar (Figure 6). The differences on the total displacement are due to maintenance procedures.
4 Figure 5. Track settlement during one maintenance cycle. Figure 6. Settlement rate during one maintenance cycle. 5 DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR Dynamic track displacements calculated from geophone velocities are presented in Figure 6 for three different sleepers (G1, G3 and G7 in Figure 7). The calculation of displacements from geophones or accelerometers requires a single or double integration procedure, respectively. For the geophones data, the procedure described in [13] was used, while for the accelerometers the procedure proposed in [14] was followed. The results show that the maximum downwards displacement occurs when the wheel is above the monitored sleeper, while the maximum upwards motion is obtained in between the passage of the bogies of a coach. It is observed that the peak to peak displacement in geophone G3, located in the middle of the transition slab, has a significant higher amplitude (~6 mm) than geophone G7 (~1.5 mm), located on the free track, and than geophone G1 (~0.7 mm), on top of the concrete culvert. The minimum displacement amplitude is obtained, as expected, for the culvert and is approximately half of that recorded on the free track (G7). Unexpectedly, the greatest result is found for the geophone placed on top of the approach slab (G3), for which the displacement amplitude is about eight times greater than on the free track (G7). This indicates that, instead of a smooth reduction of the displacement when the train is moving towards the culvert, the displacement reaches a maximum value over the approach slab. Figure 8 presents the average amplitude of the vertical displacement for all the geophones, regarding four different train types (according to Table 1). The sleeper located at the beginning of the approach slab consistently produces higher displacement. A similar pattern and magnitude of displacements is found for all the different trains. The results exhibit that the apparent dynamic stiffness reaches a minimum over the approach slab, a maximum recorded on top of the culvert, and varying along the free track. This apparent stiffness demonstrates that the design requirements of having a smooth stiffness increase between the free track and the culvert (as suggested in [15-17]) are not realistic. Figure 7. Displacement during train passage of an IDD train at 114 km/h. Figure 8. Average displacement amplitude along the transition zone for different train types.
5 6 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS In the present analysis, the Tochnog Professional FEM package is used [18]. An elastic material formulation coupled with groundwater flow is adopted. In the current analysis, a three dimensional model is used to evaluate the behaviour of the system. All the components of the track and soil are modelled by means of low order isoparametric brick elements (8 nodes). The maximum element size is chosen to be 0.40 m which is in agreement with the limit of ten elements per wavelength, as defined in [19], assuming a maximum frequency of interest of 10 Hz, and a minimum shear wave velocity of 40 m/s (Figure ). Smaller element sizes are often used in the model due to geometrical constraints. The maximum aspect ratio of an element is 5, which is enough to avoid errors due to artificial stiffening [0]. The time step used for the analysis is s, smaller than the limit of T min /10, where T min represents the minimum period of interest [1]. For the model layering and parametrisation, data from Section are used. The shear modulus G corresponds to the dynamic value determined through the VSPT data, by the following relation: G = ρv s (1) where V s represents the shear wave velocity. Further details about the model are available in []. An overview of the model is presented in Figure 9. The behaviour assessment of the initial configuration of the structure is made by considering the passage of constant axle loads (180 kn) with distances that produce the IDD train configuration (for further details about train characteristics the reader is referred to []). Figure 10 presents the vertical strain σ zz due to the train passage for point P6, located in the ballast at the start of the approach slab. The result shows that the assumption of small strain is admissible, since the maximum recorded strain is about 0.08 o / oo. The strain magnitude is in agreement with the experimental findings of [8]. Figures 11 and 1 show the time response for both displacements and stresses for point P6, located in the ballast. It follows that while for the displacement (Figure 11) the problem is governed by the z (vertical) direction, the stresses (Figure 1) have significant components in all three directions. For the stresses each wheel is identified in the time response while for the displacements only the bogies are visible. Figure 9. 3D mesh. Figure 10. Vertical strain for a point located in the ballast. This shows that stresses are more pronounced at higher frequencies than displacements. The stresses change during the passage of the trainload. This causes a cyclic rotation of the principal stresses, which might have consequences on the long-term deformation of the soil. Figure 11. Displacement for a point located in the ballast.
6 Figure 13 shows the stress path for point P6 located on the ballast, in the p q diagram, whereas: Figure 1. Stress for a point located in the ballast. σ ' xx + σ ' yy + σ ' zz p' = 3 σ ' yy σ ' zz + σ ' q = ( ) ( σ ' ) + ( σ ' σ ' ) + 3( τ + τ + τ )] 1. yz xz zz xy xx xx yy + () As the first wheel approaches P6 (Figure 13) the stress path moves from O to A. The stress path then unloads from A to B, and returns to A as the second wheel crosses P6. As the first bogie crosses the point of analysis, the stress path returns to the origin O. Again, as the second bogie crosses point P6 the stress path goes from O to A. Therefore, two different stress path are identified. From O A, related with the loading and unloading due to the each single bogie, and A B due to the unloading reloading caused by the wheel loads of the bogie. Figure 13. Stress path p'-q for a point located in the ballast. 7 CONCLUSIONS This paper has reported a field investigation into the dynamic behaviour of a transition zone during regular train services on a section of railway track in the Netherlands, together with a numerical analysis of the structure. The experimental results included the current position and make-up of the track bed and the approach slab, as well as the soil dynamic response (accelerations, velocities and displacements). The numerical part focused on the stress analyses of the ballast. Significant track degradation after maintenance operation due to ballast compaction was observed, as well a long term degradation of the vertical track alignment. The results have demonstrated that instead of the desired increase in stiffness across the approach slab, running from the normal track to the culvert, over the approach slab the stiffness was much less than either the normal track or the culvert. The reduction in track support stiffness was considerable, with observed vertical displacements being about eight times greater on the approach slab than on the normal track. Two stress paths were identified for the ballast and embankment, one with higher amplitude in volumetric stress related with the passage of the bogies, and another with smaller amplitude related with the passage of the wheels of the bogies. REFERENCES [1] Schmitt, L., Recent SNCF research on ballasted high speed track fatigue, Track for High-Speed Railways, Porto, Portugal, 1-, 006. [] Zhai, W. M., Wang, K. Y., and Lin, J. H., 004. Modelling and experiment of railway ballast vibrations, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 70(4-5) (004), [3] Madshus, C., and A. M. Kaynia, High-speed railway lines on soft ground: dynamic behaviour at critical train speed, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 31(3) (000), [4] Degrande, G., and L. Schillemans, Free field vibrations during the passage of a Thalys high-speed train at variable speed, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 47(1) (001),
7 [5] Galvín, P., and J. Domínguez, Analysis of ground motion due to moving surface loads induced by highspeed trains, Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, 31 (007), [6] SNCF, Track measurements in Beugnâtron, Technical report, Supertrack, 005. [7] CEDEX and ADIF, Instrumentation, monitoring and physical modelling of high speed line, Technical report, Supertrack, 005. [8] Kolisoja, P., and E. Mäkelä, Instrumentation and modelling of railways culverts, Finnish Rail Administration, 003. [9] Jenks, C. W., Design of track transportations, Research Results Digest 79: Federal Transit Administration, 006. [10] Lundqvist, A., R. Larsson, and T. Dahlberg, Influence of railway track stiffness variation on wheel/rail contact forces" Track for High-Speed Railways, Porto, Portugal, 006. [11] Indraratna, B., D. Ionescu, and H. D. Christie, Shear behaviour of railway ballast based on large-scale triaxial tests, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 14(5) 1998, [1] Li, D., and D. Davis, Transition of railroad bridge approaches, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 131(11) 005, [13] Bowness, D., A. C. Lock, W. Powrie, and D. J. Richards, Monitoring the dynamic displacements of railway track, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit, 1(1), 006, 13-. [14] Coelho, B., P. Hölscher, and F. Barends, Enhancement of double integration procedure through spectral subtraction, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 31(4), 011, [15] Kerr, A. D. and B. E. Moroney, Track transition problems and remedies. Bulletin 74, 1993, [16] Esveld, C., Modern Railway Track ( ed.). MRT Productions, 001. [17] Burrow, M. P. N., D. Bowness, and G. S. Ghataora, A comparison of railway track foundation design methods. Proceedings of the Institution of Me- chanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit, 1(1), 007, 1 1. [18] Roddeman, D. Tochnog Professional, Finite Element Application Technology, [19] Muir Wood, D., Geotechnical modelling, Spoon Press., 004. [0] Potts, D. M. and L. Zadravkovic, Finite element analysis in geotechnical engineering theory, Thomas Telford, [1] Bathe, K. J. and E. L. Wilson, Stability and accuracy analysis of direct integration methods, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 1(3), 1973, [] Coelho, B., Dynamics of railway transition zones in soft soils, PhD thesis, Delft University of Technology, 011.
8
Dynamic analysis of rail track for high speed trains. 2D approach.
Dynamic analysis of rail track for high speed trains. 2D approach. A. Gomes Correia & J. Cunha University of Minho, Department of Civil Engineering, Civil Engineering Centre, Guimarães, Portugal J. Marcelino
More informationDynamic behaviour of a steel plate girder railroad bridge with rail joints
Structures Under Shock and Impact XI 313 Dynamic behaviour of a steel plate girder railroad bridge with rail joints H. M. Kim 1, S. I. Kim 2 & W. S. Hwang 2 1 Department of Railroad Structure Research,
More informationFULL SCALE TESTS AND STRUCTURAL EVALUATION OF SOIL-STEEL FLEXIBLE CULVERTS FOR HIGH-SPEED RAILWAYS
II European Conference BURIED FLEXIBLE STEEL STRUCTURES Rydzyna 3-4.4.1 FULL SCALE TESTS AND STRUCTURAL EVALUATION OF SOIL-STEEL FLEXIBLE CULVERTS FOR HIGH-SPEED RAILWAYS Andreas ANDERSSON*, Håkan SUNDQUIST**,
More informationInvestigation of Shear Strain Amplitude Induced by Railroad Traffic in Soils
Missouri University of Science and Technology Scholars' Mine International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics 2010 - Fifth International Conference
More informationGeneration and Propagation of vibrations induced by high-speed railways
Generation and Propagation of vibrations induced by high-speed railways João Manso Abstract In the years to come, Portugal has several challenges to overcome and one is to try to modernize its train network.
More information1 Introduction. Abstract
Abstract This paper reports results from a numerical model to calculate subgrade settlement in railway tracks due to repeated dynamic loading. The trains are modelled as rigid body 2-axle carriages on
More informationRailway induced ground vibration
RIVAS Training Workshop 23/5/213, Die Schmiede, Berlin, Germany "Reducing railway induced ground vibration by interventions on the transmission path" Railway induced ground vibration Geert Lombaert, Stijn
More informationThe present paper concentrates on the results of in situ vibration measurements performed within the
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF FREE FIELD AND STRUCTURAL VIBRATIONS DUE TO UNDERGROUND RAILWAY TRAFFIC P. Chatterjee a, G. Degrande a, S. Jacobs a, J. Charlier b, P. Bouvet b and D. Brassenx c a K.U.Leuven, Department
More informationDynamic analysis of rail track for high speed trains. 2D approach
Dynamic analysis of rail track for high speed trains. 2D approach A. Gomes Correia & J. Cunha University of Minho, Department of Civil Engineering, Civil Engineering Centre, Guimarães, Portugal J. Marcelino
More informationEdinburgh Research Explorer
Edinburgh Research Explorer EVALUATING THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR OF CONCRETE SLAB TRACK FOR HIGH SPEED RAIL USING NUMERICAL ANALYSIS Citation for published version: Forde, M, Zimele, L, De Bold, R & Ho, C
More informationCASE STUDIES IN RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION
MSC COURSE 2016/2017 AUTUMN SEMESTER CASE STUDIES IN RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION RAILWAY SUPERSTRUCTURE CALCULATION ZIMMERMANN-EISENMANN METHOD SZÉCHENYI ISTVÁN UNIVERSITY Zoltán MAJOR junior lecturer Conventional
More informationDETERMINING THE STRESS PATTERN IN THE HH RAILROAD TIES DUE TO DYNAMIC LOADS 1
PERIODICA POLYTECHNICA SER. CIV. ENG. VOL. 46, NO. 1, PP. 125 148 (2002) DETERMINING THE STRESS PATTERN IN THE HH RAILROAD TIES DUE TO DYNAMIC LOADS 1 Nándor LIEGNER Department of Highway and Railway Engineering
More informationEffect of rail unevenness correlation on the prediction of ground-borne vibration from railways
Effect of rail unevenness correlation on the prediction of ground-borne vibration from railways Evangelos Ntotsios; David Thompson Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, University of Southampton,
More informationTrack stiffness assessment. Abstract
Track stiffness assessment Alain Robinet, Engineering Department, SNCF, France Email: alain.robinet@sncf.fr Mohsen Hosseingholian, Civil Engineering Department, University of Caen, France Email: mhosseingholian@yahoo.com
More informationA PROCEDURE TO DETERMINE THE CRITICAL SPEED OF RAILWAY TRACKS BASED ON THE WINKLER'S HYPOTHESIS AND STATIC FEM SIMULATIONS
6th European Conference on Computational Mechanics (ECCM 6) 7th European Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics (ECFD 7) 11 15 June 2018, Glasgow, UK A PROCEDURE TO DETERMINE THE CRITICAL SPEED OF
More informationinteraction and ground borne vibration Excitation mechanisms of train/track Structural Mechanics, Department of Civil Engineering, KU Leuven
RIVAS Training Workshop 9//23, Hotel Bloom, Brussels, Belgium "Reducing railway induced ground vibration by controlling the source" Excitation mechanisms of train/track interaction and ground borne vibration
More informationA NEW SAFETY PHILOSOPHY FOR CWR
Coenraad Esveld Page 1 of 6 A NEW SAFETY PHILOSOPHY FOR CWR Coenraad Esveld Professor of Railway Engineering TU Delft From 1992 to 1997 the ERRI Committee D 202 carried out an extensive study on the behaviour
More informationVibration Characteristics of the Platform in highspeed Railway Elevated Station
TELKOMNIKA, Vol.11, No.3, March 2013, pp. 1383 ~ 1392 e-issn: 2087-278X 1383 Vibration Characteristics of the Platform in highspeed Railway Elevated Station Wang Tie*, Wei Qingchao School of Civil Engineering,
More informationThe Influence of Damping on Vibration Induced by High-Speed Trains
The Influence of Damping on Vibration Induced by High-Speed Trains Z. Dimitrovová and J.N. Varandas UNIC, Department of Civil Engineering New University of Lisbon, Monte de Caparica, Portugal in B.H.V.
More informationSUPERTRACK : G1RD-CT CEDEX & ADIF Final Report Instrumentation, monitoring and physical modelling of high-speed line 1 FINAL REPORT
CEDEX & ADIF Final Report Instrumentation, monitoring and physical modelling of high-speed line 1 FINAL REPORT Instrumentation, monitoring and physical modelling of high-speed line CONTRACT N : G1RD-CT-22-777
More informationDynamic FE analysis of a continuous steel railway bridge and comparisons with field measurements
Dynamic FE analysis of a continuous steel railway bridge and comparisons with field measurements G. Kaliyaperumal, B. Imam, T. Righiniotis & M. Chryssanthopoulos Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences,
More informationREGULATION OF THE DYNAMIC LIVE LOAD FAC- TOR FOR CALCULATION OF BRIDGE STRUCTURES ON HIGH-SPEED RAILWAY MAINLINES
Vol. 13, Issue 1/2017, 12-19, DOI: 10.1515/cee-2017-0002 REGULATION OF THE DYNAMIC LIVE LOAD FAC- TOR FOR CALCULATION OF BRIDGE STRUCTURES ON HIGH-SPEED RAILWAY MAINLINES Leonid K. DYACHENKO 1,*, Andrey
More informationSoil Behaviour in Earthquake Geotechnics
Soil Behaviour in Earthquake Geotechnics KENJI ISHIHARA Department of Civil Engineering Science University of Tokyo This publication was supported by a generous donation from the Daido Life Foundation
More informationComparison of Measured and Dynamic Analysis Vertical Accelerations of High-Speed Railway Bridges Crossed by KTX Train
Engineering, 2013, 5, 756-763 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2013.59091 Published Online September 2013 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/eng) Comparison of Measured and Dynamic Analysis Vertical Accelerations
More informationInstrumentation Techniques for Studying the Horizontal * Behavior of High-Speed Railways
Procedia Engineering Volume 143, 16, Pages 87 879 Advances in Transportation Geotechnics 3. The 3rd International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics (ICTG 16) Instrumentation Techniques for Studying
More informationCorrelation between track geometry quality and vehicle reactions in the virtual rolling stock homologation process
Correlation between track geometry quality and vehicle reactions in the virtual rolling stock homologation process K.U. Wolter Deutsche Bahn AG Railway Technology and Services Integrated Systems Rail Voelckerstrasse
More informationAdvanced Numerical Study of the Effects of Road Foundations on Pavement Performance
Advanced Numerical Study of the Effects of Road Foundations on Pavement Performance X. Liu Section of Structural Mechanics, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology,
More informationEFFECTS OF PARALLEL GRADATION ON STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF BALLAST MATERIALS. Domenica Cambio 1, and Louis Ge 2
EFFECTS OF PARALLEL GRADATION ON STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF BALLAST MATERIALS Domenica Cambio 1, and Louis Ge 2 1 University of Naples Federico II, Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Via Claudio, 21 8125,
More informationMinimization Solutions for Vibrations Induced by Underground Train Circulation
Minimization Solutions for Vibrations Induced by Underground Train Circulation Carlos Dinis da Gama 1, Gustavo Paneiro 2 1 Professor and Head, Geotechnical Center of IST, Technical University of Lisbon,
More informationKeywords: Track Deflection, Low Frequency Track Vibration, Train Loads, Dominant frequencies, Track Stiffness, Energy Harvesting
1 Properties of train load frequencies and their applications D.R.M. Milne*, L.M. Le Pen, D.J. Thompson, W. Powrie Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17
More informationLiquefaction and Foundations
Liquefaction and Foundations Amit Prashant Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar Short Course on Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Buildings 26 30 November, 2012 What is Liquefaction? Liquefaction
More informationExperimental validation of a numerical model for the ground vibration from trains in tunnels
Experimental validation of a numerical model for the ground vibration from trains in tunnels Qiyun Jin; David Thompson; Daniel Lurcock; Martin Toward; Evangelos Ntotsios; Samuel Koroma Institute of Sound
More informationFinite Element Method in Geotechnical Engineering
Finite Element Method in Geotechnical Engineering Short Course on + Dynamics Boulder, Colorado January 5-8, 2004 Stein Sture Professor of Civil Engineering University of Colorado at Boulder Contents Steps
More informationExperimental analysis in frequency domain of the accelerations induced by different vehicles in high speed railway tracks
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-issn: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 13, Issue 5 Ver. V (Sep. - Oct. 2016), PP 113-121 www.iosrjournals.org Experimental analysis in
More informationCONVURT PROJECT - EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF FREE FIELD AND STRUCTURAL VIBRATIONS DUE TO UNDERGROUND RAILWAY TRAFFIC G. Degrande a, P. Chatterjee a, S. Jacobs a, J. Charlier b, P. Bouvet b and D. Brassenx
More informationEVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON RAILPAD PROPERTIES, RAIL DECAY RATES AND NOISE RADIATION
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON RAILPAD PROPERTIES, RAIL DECAY RATES AND NOISE RADIATION R. A. Broadbent, D. J. Thompson and C. J. C. Jones ISVR, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO7
More informationDetermination of dynamic soil characteristics and transfer functions to support the evaluation of the efficiency of vibration mitigation measures
RIVAS Final Conference "Vibrations Ways out of the annoyance" Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium, Brussels, 21 November 213 Determination of dynamic soil characteristics and transfer functions to support
More informationThree-dimensional numerical modelling of ballasted railway track foundations for. high-speed trains with special reference to critical speed
Three-dimensional numerical modelling of ballasted railway track foundations for high-speed trains with special reference to critical speed Md. Abu Sayeed* PhD Candidate, Department of Civil Engineering,
More informationEmission of Train-Induced Ground Vibration Prediction of Axle-Load Spectra and its Experimental Verification
Emission of Train-Induced Ground Vibration Prediction of Axle-Load Spectra and its Experimental Verification Lutz Auersch BAM Federal Institute of Material Research and Testing, Unter den Eichen, Berlin,
More informationCentrifuge Shaking Table Tests and FEM Analyses of RC Pile Foundation and Underground Structure
Centrifuge Shaking Table s and FEM Analyses of RC Pile Foundation and Underground Structure Kenji Yonezawa Obayashi Corporation, Tokyo, Japan. Takuya Anabuki Obayashi Corporation, Tokyo, Japan. Shunichi
More informationCauses, effects and control of seasonal frost action in railways
http://www.scar.ac.cn Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions 2013, 5(4): 0363 0367 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1226.2013.00363 Causes, effects and control of seasonal frost action in railways Antti Nurmikolu 1*, Mika
More information3D MATERIAL MODEL FOR EPS RESPONSE SIMULATION
3D MATERIAL MODEL FOR EPS RESPONSE SIMULATION A.E. Swart 1, W.T. van Bijsterveld 2, M. Duškov 3 and A. Scarpas 4 ABSTRACT In a country like the Netherlands, construction on weak and quite often wet soils
More informationFeasibility of dynamic test methods in classification of damaged bridges
Feasibility of dynamic test methods in classification of damaged bridges Flavio Galanti, PhD, MSc., Felieke van Duin, MSc. TNO Built Environment and Geosciences, P.O. Box 49, 26 AA, Delft, The Netherlands.
More informationFINITE ELEMENTS METHOD IN ANALYSIS OF PROPAGATION OF VIBRATIONS WAVE IN THE SOIL
Journal of KONES Powertrain and Transport, Vol. 18, No. 3 2011 FINITE ELEMENTS METHOD IN ANALYSIS OF PROPAGATION OF VIBRATIONS WAVE IN THE SOIL Jaros aw Bednarz, Jan Targosz AGH University of Science and
More informationModelling vibration from surface and underground railways as an evolutionary random process
icccbe 010 Nottingham University Press Proceedings of the International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering W Tizani (Editor) Modelling vibration from surface and underground railways
More informationAccuracy, and the prediction of ground vibration from underground railways Hugh Hunt 1 and Mohammed Hussein 2
5 th Australasian Congress on Applied Mechanics, ACAM 2007 10-12 December 2007, Brisbane, Australia Accuracy, and the prediction of ground vibration from underground railways Hugh Hunt 1 and Mohammed Hussein
More informationFocusing of Rayleigh waves generated by high-speed trains under the condition of ground vibration boom
Focusing of Rayleigh waves generated by high-speed trains under the condition of ground vibration boom Victor V. Krylov Department of Aeronautical and Automotive Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough,
More informationInvestigation on dynamic behavior of railway track in transition zone
Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 25 (2) (2) 287~292 wwwspringerlinkcom/content/738494x DOI 7/s22622x Investigation on dynamic behavior of railway track in transition zone JabbarAli Zakeri *
More informationExperimental validation of numerical modelling of the bridge track moving train system
Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements XV 97 Experimental validation of numerical modelling of the bridge track moving train system P. Szurgott 1, M. Klasztorny 1, J. Grosel 2 & Z. Wojcicki
More informationParametric Study of Thermal Stability on Continuous Welded Rail
IJR International Journal of Railway Vol. 3, No. 4 / December 2010, pp. 126-133 The Korean Society for Railway arametric Study of Thermal Stability on Continuous Welded Rail Dong-Ho Choi* and Ho-Sung Na
More informationDESIGN OF A HIGH SPEED TRAIN USING A MULTIPHYSICAL APPROACH
DESIGN OF A HIGH SPEED TRAIN USING A MULTIPHYSICAL APPROACH Aitor Berasarte Technologies Management Area Technology Division CAF WHAT DO WE ANALYSE? AERODYNAMICS STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS DYNAMICS NOISE & VIBRATIONS
More informationIZMIT BAY BRIDGE SOUTH APPROACH VIADUCT: SEISMIC DESIGN NEXT TO THE NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT
Istanbul Bridge Conference August 11-13, 2014 Istanbul, Turkey IZMIT BAY BRIDGE SOUTH APPROACH VIADUCT: SEISMIC DESIGN NEXT TO THE NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT A. Giannakou 1, J. Chacko 2 and W. Chen 3 ABSTRACT
More informationNOISE & VIBRATION MITIGATION IN RAILWAY TRACK
NOISE & VIBRATION MITIGATION IN RAILWAY TRACK Coenraad Esveld Esveld Consulting Services Emeritus Professor of Railway Engineering TU Delft 1 Noise: Rolling; Engines; Curves; Braking; Aerodynamics. Vibration:
More informationSpecial edition paper
Development of New Aseismatic Structure Using Escalators Kazunori Sasaki* Atsushi Hayashi* Hajime Yoshida** Toru Masuda* Aseismatic reinforcement work is often carried out in parallel with improvement
More informationResearch on Threshold Value of Seismic Urgent Handling System of High-speed Handling Railway System Train of
Research on Threshold Value of Seismic Urgent Handling System of High-speed Handling Railway System Train of Guo Endong 1, Hong Guanglei 2, Meng Yufei 2, Liu Zhi 3, Gao Lin 2 1 Professor, Key Laboratory
More informationEffectiveness of Vertical Drains in Dissipating Excess Pore Pressures Induced by Cyclic Loads in Clays
University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive) Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences 27 Effectiveness of Vertical Drains in Dissipating Excess Pore Pressures
More informationFE-Analysis of Stringer-to-floor-beam Connections in Riveted Railway Bridges
FE-Analysis of Stringer-to-floor-beam Connections in Riveted Railway Bridges By Mohammad Al-Emrani 1 and Robert Kliger 2 Department of Structural Engineering Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96
More informationIndian railway track analysis for displacement and vibration pattern estimation
Indian railway track analysis for displacement and vibration pattern estimation M. Mohanta 1, Gyan Setu 2, V. Ranjan 3, J. P. Srivastava 4, P. K. Sarkar 5 1, 3 Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,
More informationVibrations in buildings in the mid frequency range
ABAV Studiedag Wie-doet-wat in het Belgisch akoestisch onderzoek? 23 februari 2011 Vibrations in buildings in the mid frequency range Hans Verbraken, Geert Degrande, Geert Lombaert hans.verbraken@bwk.kuleuven.be
More informationCWR track vibration characteristics varying with the change of supporting condition
Computers in Railways XIII 745 CWR track vibration characteristics varying with the change of supporting condition L. Li & Y. Luo Railway and Urban Mass Transit Research Institute, Tongji University, China
More informationMEASUREMENT OF VERTICAL TRACK MODULUS FROM A MOVING RAILCAR
MEASUREMENT OF VERTICAL TRACK MODULUS FROM A MOVING RAILCAR Richard Arnold*, Sheng Lu*, Cory Hogan*, Shane Farritor* Mahmood Fateh, Magdy El-Sibaie * - Department of Mechanical Engineering University of
More informationSpecial edition paper Development of Shinkansen Earthquake Impact Assessment System
Development of Shinkansen Earthquake Impact Assessment System Makoto Shimamura*, Keiichi Yamamura* Assuring safety during earthquakes is a very important task for the Shinkansen because the trains operate
More informationABSTRACT 1. INTRODUCTION
0 0 0 0 Settlement under creep loading of an asphalt concrete in a railway structure. Triaxial tests and viscoplastic modelling Octavio Lopez-Polanco, Talita Alves, Thomas Gabet, Nicolas Calon, Rosangela
More informationModelling of Train Induced Vibration
Modelling of Train Induced Vibration E. Ntotsios 1, S.G. Koroma 1, W.I. Hamad 2, D.J. Thompson 1, H.E.M. Hunt 2, J.P. Talbot 2, M.F.M. Hussein 3 1 ISVR, University of Southampton, United Kingdom 2 Engineering
More informationA numerical model for ground-borne vibrations from underground railway traffic based on a periodic FE-BE formulation
A numerical model for ground-borne vibrations from underground railway traffic based on a periodic FE-BE formulation D. Clouteau, R. Othman, M. Arnst, H. Chebli Ecole Centrale de Paris, LMSSMat, F-99 Chˆatenay-Malabry,
More informationNumerical simulation of inclined piles in liquefiable soils
Proc. 20 th NZGS Geotechnical Symposium. Eds. GJ Alexander & CY Chin, Napier Y Wang & R P Orense Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Auckland, NZ. ywan833@aucklanduni.ac.nz
More informationExperimental validation of a numerical model for subway induced vibrations
Experimental validation of a numerical model for subway induced vibrations S. Gupta, G. Degrande, G. Lombaert Department of Civil Engineering, K.U.Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
More informationA partially drained model for soft soils under cyclic loading considering cyclic parameter degradation
University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences 215 A partially drained model for soft soils under
More informationStudy on Settlement Prediction Model of High-Speed Railway Bridge Pile Foundation
Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 187 193 (2015) DOI: 10.6180/jase.2015.18.2.12 Study on Settlement Prediction Model of High-Speed Railway Bridge Pile Foundation Zhong-Bo
More informationRock slope failure along non persistent joints insights from fracture mechanics approach
Rock slope failure along non persistent joints insights from fracture mechanics approach Louis N.Y. Wong PhD(MIT), BSc(HKU) Assistant Professor and Assistant Chair (Academic) Nanyang Technological University,
More informationNumerical prediction of track
Numerical prediction of track settlement in railway turnouts Department of Applied Mechanics / CHARMEC Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg, Sweden 15 Contents Objectives of CHARMEC TS15 Introduction
More informationEXAMPLE OF PILED FOUNDATIONS
EXAMPLE OF PILED FOUNDATIONS The example developed below is intended to illustrate the various steps involved in the determination of the seismic forces developed in piles during earthquake shaking. The
More informationCracked concrete structures under cyclic load
Cracked concrete structures under cyclic load Fabrizio Barpi & Silvio Valente Department of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy ABSTRACT: The safety of cracked
More informationNumerical Modelling of Dynamic Earth Force Transmission to Underground Structures
Numerical Modelling of Dynamic Earth Force Transmission to Underground Structures N. Kodama Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, Japan K. Komiya Chiba Institute of Technology, Japan
More informationUse of Track Quality Standard Deviations in Track Design and Construction
Use of Track Quality Standard Deviations in Track Design and Construction David Marriott Consultant / Developer Freelance Constantin Ciobanu CEng FPWI MCIHT Principal PWay Engineer Mea culpa slide Track
More informationModel tests and FE-modelling of dynamic soil-structure interaction
Shock and Vibration 19 (2012) 1061 1069 1061 DOI 10.3233/SAV-2012-0712 IOS Press Model tests and FE-modelling of dynamic soil-structure interaction N. Kodama a, * and K. Komiya b a Waseda Institute for
More informationGEOMENGTER - Geomechanical and Geotechnical Engineering
Coordinating unit: Teaching unit: Academic year: Degree: ECTS credits: 2015 250 - ETSECCPB - Barcelona School of Civil Engineering 751 - DECA - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering MASTER'S
More informationSeismic Response Analysis of Structure Supported by Piles Subjected to Very Large Earthquake Based on 3D-FEM
Seismic Response Analysis of Structure Supported by Piles Subjected to Very Large Earthquake Based on 3D-FEM *Hisatoshi Kashiwa 1) and Yuji Miyamoto 2) 1), 2) Dept. of Architectural Engineering Division
More informationExperimental study on the effectiveness of prefabricated vertical drains under cyclic loading
University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive) Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences 211 Experimental study on the effectiveness of prefabricated vertical
More informationStudy by Numerical Mean of the Behavior of the Twin-Block Sleeper Used In the Superstructures of Railways
ISBN 978-93-84422-50-9 Proceedings of 2015 International Conference on Green Buildings, Civil and Architecture Engineering (ICGBCAE'15) Dubai, Dec. 25-26, 2015 pp. 79-85 Study by Numerical Mean of the
More informationinter.noise 2000 The 29th International Congress and Exhibition on Noise Control Engineering August 2000, Nice, FRANCE
Copyright SFA - InterNoise 2000 1 inter.noise 2000 The 29th International Congress and Exhibition on Noise Control Engineering 27-30 August 2000, Nice, FRANCE I-INCE Classification: 1.3 CURVE SQUEAL OF
More informationFatigue Crack Analysis on the Bracket of Sanding Nozzle of CRH5 EMU Bogie
Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics, 2015, 3, 577-583 Published Online May 2015 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/jamp http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jamp.2015.35071 Fatigue Crack Analysis on the
More informationSTUDY OF EFFECTS OF VIBRATIONS CAUSED BY RAILWAY TRAFFIC TO BUILDINGS
Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov CIBv 2014 Vol. 7 (56) Special Issue No. 1-2014 STUDY OF EFFECTS OF VIBRATIONS CAUSED BY RAILWAY TRAFFIC TO BUILDINGS R. NERIŞANU 1 D. DRĂGAN 1 M. SUCIU
More informationA STUDY ON THE WHEELSET/SLAB TRACK VERTICAL INTERACTION
A STUDY ON THE WHEELSET/SLAB TRACK VERTICAL INTERACTION Associate Professor PhD. eng. Traian MAZILU Department of Railway Vehicles, University Politehnica of Bucharest 33 Splaiul Independentei, sector
More informationStudy on elevated light rail induced vibration attenuation along the surrounding ground
Study on elevated light rail induced vibration attenuation along the surrounding ground Changqing Liu ; Yude Zhou ; Ying Tu 3 ; Weimin Xu 4 Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences 508 Qinzhou Rd, 0033
More informationLECTURE 10. Module 3 : Field Tests in Rock 3.6 GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATION
LECTURE 10 3.6 GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATION In geophysical methods of site investigation, the application of the principles of physics are used to the study of the ground. The soil/rock have different characteristics
More informationTRAIN-INDUCED BUILDING VIBRATION DUE TO HIGH-SPEED TRAIN PASSAGE
TRAIN-INDUCED BUILDING VIBRATION DUE TO HIGH-SPEED TRAIN PASSAGE A. Romero 1, P. Galvín 2 Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería. Universidad de Sevilla Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 4192 Sevilla,
More informationEXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS AND MODEL UPDATING OF A BOWSTRING ARCH RAILWAY BRIDGE
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS AND MODEL UPDATING OF A BOWSTRING ARCH RAILWAY BRIDGE Diogo Ribeiro 1*, Pedro Almeida 1, Rui Calçada 1 and Raimundo Delgado 1 1 Faculty of Engineering University of Porto R. Dr. Roberto
More informationCritical train speeds and associated track movements a case study
Critical train speeds and associated track movements a case study Vitesse critique et mouvements de la voie associés Etude de cas A.J.F. Duley *1, L. Le Pen 1, D.J.Thompson 1, W. Powrie 1, G.V.R. Watson
More informationApplicability of Multi-spring Model Based on Finite Strain Theory to Seismic Behavior of Embankment on Liquefiable Sand Deposit
Applicability of Multi-spring Model Based on Finite Strain Theory to Seismic Behavior of Embankment on Liquefiable Sand Deposit Kyohei Ueda Railway Technical Research Institute, Kokubunji, Tokyo, Japan
More informationBACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION
WAVE MECHANICS As applied to pile testing 1 BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION Wave Mechanics 2 1 HISTORIC TOOLS AND MATERIALS Timber piles Drop Hammers 10 Days for the Romans to build the bridge over the Rhine
More informationDeep Foundations 2. Load Capacity of a Single Pile
Deep Foundations 2 Load Capacity of a Single Pile All calculations of pile capacity are approximate because it is almost impossible to account for the variability of soil types and the differences in the
More informationA Constitutive Framework for the Numerical Analysis of Organic Soils and Directionally Dependent Materials
Dublin, October 2010 A Constitutive Framework for the Numerical Analysis of Organic Soils and Directionally Dependent Materials FracMan Technology Group Dr Mark Cottrell Presentation Outline Some Physical
More informationKINEMATIC RESPONSE OF GROUPS WITH INCLINED PILES
th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering June 5-8, 7 Paper No. 5 KINEMATIC RESPONSE OF GROUPS WITH INCLINED PILES Amalia GIANNAKOU, Nikos GEROLYMOS, and George GAZETAS 3 ABSTRACT
More informationAttenuation of rail vibration: Analysis of experimental data
Attenuation of rail vibration: Analysis of experimental data A. Bracciali, F. Piccioli Dipartimento di Meccanica e Tecnologie Industriali Università di Firenze v. Santa Marta, 3 50139 Firenze e-mail: bracciali@ing.unifi.it
More informationFinite element analysis of diagonal tension failure in RC beams
Finite element analysis of diagonal tension failure in RC beams T. Hasegawa Institute of Technology, Shimizu Corporation, Tokyo, Japan ABSTRACT: Finite element analysis of diagonal tension failure in a
More informationRemediation of Mud Pumping on a Ballasted Railway Track
Remediation of Mud Pumping on a Ballasted Railway Track Andrew Hudson 1, Geoff Watson 1, Louis Le Pen 1 and William Powrie 1 1 Faculty of Engineering & the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton,
More informationDYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS STUDY AND VIBRATION CONTROL OF MODERN TRAM TRACK SYSTEM
DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS STUDY AND VIBRATION CONTROL OF MODERN TRAM TRACK SYSTEM Zheyu Zhang, Anbin Wang, Jian Bai, Zhiqiang Wang Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute Format of Presentation 31 3 4 35
More informationCh 4a Stress, Strain and Shearing
Ch. 4a - Stress, Strain, Shearing Page 1 Ch 4a Stress, Strain and Shearing Reading Assignment Ch. 4a Lecture Notes Sections 4.1-4.3 (Salgado) Other Materials Handout 4 Homework Assignment 3 Problems 4-13,
More information2D Liquefaction Analysis for Bridge Abutment
D Liquefaction Analysis for Bridge Abutment Tutorial by Angel Francisco Martinez Integrated Solver Optimized for the next generation 64-bit platform Finite Element Solutions for Geotechnical Engineering
More information