INTRODUCTION TO HEC-HMS

Transcription

1 INTRODUCTION TO HEC-HMS Hydrologic Engineering Center- Hydrologic Modeling System US Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center

2 HEC-HMS Uses Schematics Enter properties: watershed, rivers (reaches), curve no. Enter modeling methods: SCS, infiltration, routing, etc.

3 Summary of Topics - HEC-HMS Basic Input and Output Options Precipitation Options Unit Hydrograph Options Flood Routing Option Creating and Viewing Results and Graphs

4 Project 1. Container for main components Basin model Meteorological model Control specifications 2. Also holds additional components Time-series gages Paired data functions, such as Storage-Discharge Grid data sets 3. Provides analysis tools Parameter estimation using optimization theory - Ksat Simulations runoff

5 Program Layout Watershed Explorer Desktop Component Editor Message Log

6 Main Components 1. Basin model gives the physical description of the watershed Subbasin: watershed catchments where rain falls Reach: rivers and streams Reservoir: dams and lakes Junction: confluence Diversion: bifurcations and withdrawals Source: springs and other model sink Sink: outlets and terminal lakes 2. Meteorological model describes atmospheric conditions over the watershed land surface Precipitation Potential evapotranspiration Snowmelt 3. Control specifications: Time control during a simulation run

7 Program Application Create a new project Enter time-series, paired data, and grid data Create a basin model Create a meteorological model Create control specifications Create and compute a simulation run View results Create other alternatives, compute, and compare results Save the project and exit

8 Basin Map

9 Hydrologic Elements

10 Subbasin Infiltration Loss rate methods: Deficit constant Exponential Green Ampt Gridded deficit constant Gridded SCS Gridded SMA Initial constant SCS curve number Smith Parlange Soil moisture accounting

11 Subbasin Surface Runoff Unit hydrograph methods: Clark SCS S-graph Snyder User-specified Other methods: Kinematic wave ModClark distributed

12 Subbasin Baseflow Baseflow methods: Bounded recession Linear reservoir Monthly constant Nonlinear Boussinesq Recession

13 Reach 1. Routing methods: Kinematic wave Lag Modified Puls Muskingum Muskingum-Cunge Straddle stagger 2. Loss/gain methods: Constant Percolation

14 Reservoir 1. Routing methods: Storage curve Outlet structures. Specified release 2. Possible structures: Gated spillway (0 to 10) Overflow (0 to 10) Outlet (0 to 10) Pump (0 to 10) Dam break (0 or 1)

15 Precipitation 1. Historical methods: Gage weights Inverse distance User-specified Gridded 2. Hypothetical methods: Frequency storm SCS storm Standard project storm

16 Evapotranspiration 1. Available methods: Gridded Priestley-Taylor Monthly average Priestley-Taylor

17 Snowmelt 1. Temperature index method Subbasin band approach Gridded approach

18 Simulation Run Consists of one basin model, meteorological model, and control specifications. Precipitation or outflow ratio option. Start states option Save states option View results for the current simulation run using menu or toolbar Global summary table View results for one element in the current simulation run using the menu, toolbar, or basin map. Graph, summary table, time-series table View custom graphs and time-series tables for elements in different simulation runs using the Watershed Explorer.

19 Global Summary Table

20 Element Graph

21 Element Summary Table

22 Element Time-Series Table

23 Gridded Simulation Precipitation, evapotranspiration, and snowmelt are defined on a grid cell basis Infiltration and excess precipitation is computed separately for each cell ModClark transform method is used to process excess precipitation into runoff at the subbasin outlet Better definition of subbasin response: Storm is small compared to the subbasin size Storm is very heterogeneous

24 GIS Preprocessor HEC-GeoHMS can be used to create basin models using terrain data. Start with a digital elevation model. Select a watershed outlet and then GeoHMS automatically delineates the watershed border and preliminary subbasins outlines. Adjust subbasin outlets. GeoHMS creates a basin model that can be imported into HEC-HMS and also creates database table of parameters that can be estimated from terrain and other supplemental data layers.