The Proterozoic Part 1
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1 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 112: Earth History The Proterozoic Part 1 Lectures 18/19: Tectonics Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick
2 Last Time 1) The Early Atmosphere 2) The Oceans and Hydrosphere 3) The Change
3 Earth s Early Atmosphere 4.1 GA: N 2 ; HCl; SO 2 ; CO 2 ; CH 4 ; NH 3 ; NO 2 ; H 2 O No. O 2
4 Earth s Hydrosphere All water on, in and over the Earth is recycled via the hydrologic cycle
5 Ozone UV radiation in the upper atmosphere makes ozone 2H 2 O + UV H 2 + O 2 2O 2 + UV O 3 + O
6 Oxygen Cyanobacteria (e.g., the microorganisms comprising stromatolites) and photosynthesis made oxygen starting at least GA ago.. Photosynthesis 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 ( sugar ) + 6O 2
7 Oxygen The atmosphere became oxidizing by 1.8 GA and reached near current levels by the Ordovician.
8 Today s Agenda Proterozoic Part 1: Tectonics 1) The Proterozoic time frame 2) Paleogeography 3) Tectonics (Wopmay Orogeny) 4) The Wilson cycle 5) The Trans-Hudson Orogenic Belt 6) The Grenville Orogeny (Web Lectures 18 and 19)
9 The Proterozoic Eon Eon Phanerozoic Proterozoic Archean Hadean Time 550 MA to 0 MA 2.5 GA to 550 MA 4.1 GA to 2.5 GA 4.6 GA to 4.1 GA Platform: younger (550 MA-2.5 GA) sedimentary rocks
10 The Proterozoic Eon Eon Phanerozoic Proterozoic Archean Hadean Time 550 MA to 0 MA 2.5 GA to 550 MA 4.1 GA to 2.5 GA 4.6 GA to 4.1 GA Division (ERA) Neoproterozoic Mesoproterozoic Paleoproterozoic Age 900 MA to 550 MA 1.6 GA to 900 MA 2.5 GA to 1.6 GA Paleo- old Meso-middle Neo-new
11 Proterozoic Paleogeography Neoproterozoic 650 MA This is about as far back as we can go with detailed paleogeography
12 Proterozoic Paleogeography Rodinia (the first supercontinent) The Earth 1.0 GA But we can guestimate back to about 1 GA
13 Archean Tectonics Recall: Archean Tectonics involved differentiation of the Earth s crust. Volcanoes, plutons and stretching of the crust, but possibly limited to no rifting Translation: As far as we can tell, there was no modern plate tectonics during the Archean.
14 Modern Plate Tectonics 7 major lithospheric plates
15 Modern Plate Tectonics Rigid lithospheric plates float atop ductile asthenosphere
16 Modern Plate Tectonics Where they make contact, you get serious geology (earthquakes, volcanoes, mountain building)
17 Proterozoic Tectonics But this type of tectonics may not have always occurred The first evidence of divergent and convergent plate tectonics was during the Paleoproterozoic (2.1 GA) in the Slave Province of the Canadian Shield
18 Proterozoic Tectonics But this type of tectonics may not have always occurred The first evidence of divergent and convergent plate tectonics was during the Paleoproterozoic (2.1 GA) in the Slave Province of the Canadian Shield
19 Proterozoic Tectonics
20 Proterozoic Tectonics Coronation Geosyncline
21 Proterozoic Tectonics Coronation Geosyncline Wopmay Orogen
22 Proterozoic Tectonics Coronation Geosyncline Wopmay Orogen Bathurst Aulocogen
23 Proterozoic Tectonics Coronation Geosyncline Wopmay Orogen Bathurst Aulocogen Athapuscow Aulocogen
24 Proterozoic Tectonics A paleogeographic reconstruction of the Coronation Geosyncline 2.1 GA would look like this:
25 Proterozoic Tectonics Which indicates that the Earth s crust rifted, flooded with seawater and deepened over time
26 Proterozoic Tectonics The Coronation Geosyncline therefore represents the opening of an ocean basin (i.e., a new ocean formed). But
27 Proterozoic Tectonics Linear trenches also opened up.
28 Proterozoic Tectonics Linear trenches also opened up. They were mostly filled with coarse gravel and breccia (phase 1 fill in the Coronation Geosyncline)
29 Proterozoic Tectonics Linear trenches also opened up. They were mostly filled with coarse gravel and breccia (phase 1 fill in the Coronation Geosyncline) Triple Junction Ternary rifting patterns Chalk board
30 Proterozoic Tectonics In any triple junction, one of the arms will become a failed rift or an Aulcogen. Two will continue to spread into an ocean
31 Proterozoic Tectonics The best modern example of a failed arm is the East African Rift
32 Proterozoic Tectonics But the Coronation Geosyncline ocean did not last a long time.
33 Proterozoic Tectonics But the Coronation Geosyncline ocean did not last a long time. Granite was emplaced along the western side around 1.8 GA
34 Proterozoic Tectonics But the Coronation Geosyncline ocean did not last a long time. Granite was emplaced along the western side around 1.8 GA indicating a plate collision with another continent.
35 Proterozoic Tectonics This mountain-building event is called the Wopmay Orogeny
36 So what hit us? Proterozoic Tectonics
37 Proterozoic Tectonics So what hit us? The culprit was Australia seen here fleeing the scene of the accident about 500 MA after the incident
38 The Wilson Cycle Oceans are created when plate tectonics results in rifting
39 The Wilson Cycle But the Wopmay Orogeny demonstrates that not only do ocean open up, they can also close back up again (Subduction)
40 The Wilson Cycle And sometimes they repeat this cycle more than once (e.g., the Atlantic Ocean)
41 This is now called the Wilson Cycle in honor of J. Tuzo Wilson who first suggested it for the Atlantic Ocean
42 Other Proterozoic Orogenies Orogeny: A mountain building event (mostly collision and subduction, occasionally transform motion, but doesn t require continent-continent collisions) Note: Most mountain building episodes (regardless of the actual process are given specific names) e.g.: the Wopmay Orogeny
43 Other Proterozoic Orogenies Starting in the Paleoproterzoic, orogenies became very common around the world.
44 Trans-Hudson Orogeny GA
45 Trans-Hudson Orogeny Modern Island Arcs
46 Grenville Orogeny 1.0 GA
47 Grenville Orogeny 1.0 GA Section Line
48 Grenville Orogeny 1.0 GA
49 Grenville Orogeny 1.0 GA
50 Grenville Orogeny
51 Today s Homework 1. Time line version 1 due NOW 2. Study for Lecture test 2 (March 23, Tuesday after spring break) Next Time 1. Proterozoic climate (a cool lecture)
52 GY 112: Earth History Lectures 18/19: Proterozoic Tectonics Instructor: Dr. Doug Haywick This is a free open access lecture, but not for commercial purposes. For personal use only.
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