Lunar lava tube and its skylight hole
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1 Lunar lava tube and its skylight hole Junichi HARUYAMA Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)/ Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS)
2 The Moon is the nearest celestial body to the Earth. It is needless to say that the Moon is the first step for humans to go to the space.
3 The environment of the surface of the Moon is harsh (only three years!) NASA Surface Micro meteorites Problem requiring a several centimeter Temperature Terrible Wide range oscillation : -150 to 120 Radiation Fatal 4. 2 Sv (max. obs.) requiring a several meter soil coverage
4 The environment of the surface of the Moon is harsh. However, the time is coming for humans to return to the Moon.
5 In 2009, SELENE discovered a strange feature on the Moon JAXA/ISAS
6 Marius Hills: The largest volcanic region on the Moon 35km rille volcanoes JAXA/SELENE/TC JAXA/SELENE 6
7 Discovery of A Huge Hole SELENE/TC data Diameter 50m ~1.5km after Haruyama et al. (2010) JAXA/SELENE
8 Are the Huge Holes the Skylights of Lava Tubes? The lunar hole is possibly a skylight of a cave like lava tubes. hole cave??
9 What is lava tube? Lava flow Lava tube
10 Lava tube is a good shelter on the Moon.
11 Harsh lunar surface Safe and Comfortable Lunar Lava Tube Surface Micro meteorites Problem requiring a several centimeter Temperature Terrible Wide range oscillation : -150 to 120 Radiation Fatal 4. 2 Sv (max. obs.) requiring a several meter soil coverage Cave Lava tube No problem Good Stable around 0 Safe Almost 0
12 We discovered the entrance of a subsurface safe area! Courtesy of Shinoda Komakado Kazaana In Japan
13 SELENE discovery of huge holes JAXA/ISAS SELENE (Kaguya) discovered three huge holes of several 10s of meters in diameter and depth on the Moon. (Haruyama et al., 2009 GRL, 2010 LPSC)
14 SELENE discovery of three huge holes Near side Far side JAXA/SELENE/TC Marius Hills Hole Mare Tranquillitatis Hole Mare Ingenii Hole
15 Lunar hole must be skylight of a lava tube MTH (107m depth ) 100m US LRO Camera image data
16 Lunar hole must be skylight of a lava tube Oblique observation (Robinson et al., 2012, PSS) Nadir observation Mare Tranquillitatis Hole Oblique observation Vertical wall cave Courtesy of Yasuda, 2015 LROC images ( NASA/ASU)
17 Mare Tranquillitatis Hole diameter ~100m x 86m depth 107m overhang ~47m height ~60m horizontal depth > 20m values from Robinson et al., 2012
18 Possible Detection of Lava Tube by SELENE Lunar Radar Sounder JAXA/ISAS
19 Possible Detection of Lava Tube by SELENE Lunar Radar Sounder Several 10m~150m Several 10m~200m
20 Possible Detection of Lava Tube by SELENE Lunar Radar Sounder at Marius Hills JAXA/SELENE/TC Kaku et al. 2017
21 Treasure Cave for Science
22 Treasure Cave for Science Mare Tranquillitatis Hole by LROC Mare Ingenii Hole by LROC NASA/LROC NASA/LROC The surface was covered by lava, 3.5 billion years ago. Strata exposed on the wall, telling volcanic history occurred in very old time.
23 Treasure Cave for Science 万丈窟 (Korea) Photo by Shirao Information of lunar paleo magnetic field will be acquired. Water may be trapped in rocks forming lava tube.
24 How about Mars?
25 Tarsis Montes and Elysium Mons Arcadia NASA/USGS (From MOLA) Arabia Terra Elysium Arsia Mons HiRISE data Martian In the lava underworld tubes are of Mars, also important there must as be shelters something and geological research sites, but not only that, -180ºE 0º 180ºE
26 The time is coming; Humans return to the Moon, But why will humans return to the Moon? Is it necessary for humans to go to the Moon and beyond? From my experience as a researcher in space exploration, I believe so.
27 Iwate quake disaster archvive, Miyako-city Iwate quake disaster archvive, Miyako-city Science tells us such a cataclysmic disaster occurs one time per 1000 years. But who was living there had imagined it would occur on the day after a peaceful day? We should prepare against any natural disasters.
28 Nature is not always kind to humans. Humans will go to the Moon and beyond to prepare against natural disasters, and to know this world from various aspects.
29 Going to the Moon and beyond will face many difficulties. One country can not achieve it alone. Many nations, many people will need to cooperate. Then, we will recognize that we can realize the world without border.
30 End
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