5. The table below indicates the presence of various minerals in different rock samples.

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1. Which mineral is composed of Calcium and Fluorine? A) Amphiboles B) Calcite C) Hematite D) Fluorite 2. The photograph below shows a broken piece of the mineral calcite.

1 1. Which mineral is composed of Calcium and Fluorine? A) Amphiboles B) Calcite C) Hematite D) Fluorite 2. The photograph below shows a broken piece of the mineral calcite. The calcite breaks in smooth, flat surfaces because calcite A) is very dense B) is very soft C) contains certain impurities D) has a regular arrangement of atoms 3. Base your answer to the following question on the information below. A student on a field trip in New York State collected a sample of metamorphic bedrock containing bands of coarse-grained crystals of plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene, quartz, and mica. List two of the chemical elements found in plagioclase feldspar. 4. The diagrams below show the crystal shapes of two minerals. 5. The table below indicates the presence of various minerals in different rock samples. Quartz and halite have different crystal shapes primarily because A) light reflects from crystal surfaces B) energy is released during crystallization C) of impurities that produce surface variations D) of the internal arrangement of the atoms Which statement is an accurate conclusion based on the information provided in the table? A) Most rocks are monomineralic. B) All rocks are polymineralic. C) Many rocks have a number of minerals in common. D) Only igneous rocks contain quartz.

2 6. The diagram below shows how a sample of the mineral mica breaks when hit with a rock hammer. This mineral breaks in smooth, flat surfaces because it A) is very hard B) is very dense C) contains large amounts of iron D) has a regular arrangement of atoms 7. In which group are all the earth materials classified as minerals? A) feldspar, quartz, and olivine B) granite, rhyolite, and basalt C) cobbles, pebbles, and silt D) conglomerate, sandstone, and shale 8. Which element, found in both biotite mica and muscovite mica, makes up the greatest percent by volume of Earth's crust? A) nitrogen B) oxygen C) potassium D) silicon

3 9. The diagram below represents a part of the crystal structure of the mineral kaolinite. An arrangement of atoms such as the one shown in the diagram determines a mineral's A) age of formation B) infiltration rate C) physical properties D) temperature of formation 10. Which two rocks have the most similar mineral composition? A) marble and rhyolite B) limestone and basalt C) quartzite and rock salt D) granite and phyllite 11. Which mineral is mined for its iron content? A) hematite B) fluorite C) galena D) talc 12. Which rock is composed of the mineral halite that formed when seawater evaporated? A) limestone B) dolostone C) rock gypsum D) rock salt

4 Base your answers to questions 13 and 14 on the two tables below and on your knowledge of Earth science. Table 1 shows the composition, hardness, and average density of four minerals often used as gemstones. Table 2 lists the minerals in Moh's Scale of Hardness from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest). 13. The hardness and density of each gemstone is based primarily on the gemstone s A) internal arrangement of atoms B) geologic time of formation C) oxygen content D) natural abundance 14. Which gemstone minerals contain the two most abundant elements by mass in Earth s crust? A) emerald and spinel B) emerald and zircon C) sapphire and spinel D) sapphire and zircon 15. The three statements below are observations of the same rock sample: The rock has intergrown crystals from 2 to 3 millimeters in diameter. The minerals in the rock are gray feldspar, green olivine, green pyroxene, and black amphibole. There are no visible gas pockets in the rock. This rock sample is most likely A) sandstone B) gabbro C) granite D) phyllite 16. Which rock is usually composed of several different minerals? A) rock gypsum B) chemical limestone C) quartzite D) gneiss 17. Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are usually composed of A) intergrown crystals B) fossils C) minerals D) sediments 18. Which material is made mostly of the mineral quartz? A) sulfuric acid B) pencil lead C) plaster of paris D) window glass 19. Which mineral is commonly mined as a source of the element lead (Pb)? A) galena B) quartz C) magnetite D) gypsum

20. What do most igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks have in common? A) They are formed from molten material. B) They are produced by heat and pressure. C) They are composed of minerals.

5 20. What do most igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks have in common? A) They are formed from molten material. B) They are produced by heat and pressure. C) They are composed of minerals. D) They exhibit crystals, banding, and distinct layers. 21. Silicate minerals contain the elements silicon and oxygen. Which list contains only silicate materials? A) graphite, talc, and selenite gypsum B) potassium feldspar, quartz, and amphibole C) calcite, dolomite, and pyroxene D) biotite mica, fluorite, and garnet 22. Base your answer to the following question on the rock sample shown below. The average size of the pebbles in the sample is approximately A) 1.2 cm B) 0.2 cm C) 6.4 cm D) 13.2 cm 23. Which of the following show cleavage in 2 directions at 90%? A) Pyrite B) Pyroxene C) Garnet D) Fluorite 24. Which statement best describes a general property of rocks? A) Most rocks have a number of minerals in common. B) Most rocks are composed of a single mineral. C) All rocks contain fossils. D) All rocks contain minerals formed by compression and cementation. 25. Base your answer to the following question on Moh's mineral hardness scale and on the chart below showing the approximate hardness of some common objects. The hardness of these minerals is most closely related to the A) mineral's color B) mineral's abundance in nature C) amount of iron the mineral contains D) internal arrangement of the mineral's atoms 26. Of the Earth's more than 2,000 identified minerals, only a small number are commonly found in rocks. This fact indicates that most A) minerals weather before they can be identified B) minerals have properties that are difficult to identify C) rocks have a number of minerals in common D) exposed surface rocks are igneous 27. Which mineral can be found in granite, andesite, gneiss, and hornfels? A) quartz B) pyroxene C) olivine D) biotite mica 28. The minerals talc, muscovite mica, quartz, and olivine are similar because they A) have the same hardness B) are the same color C) contain silicon and oxygen D) break along cleavage planes 29. Which of the following elements is not found in Plagioclase Feldspar? A) Na B) Al C) Si D) Pb

30. Most rock gypsum is formed by the A) heating of previously existing foliated bedrock B) cooling and solidification of lava C) compaction and cementation of shells and skeletal remains D) chemical

6 30. Most rock gypsum is formed by the A) heating of previously existing foliated bedrock B) cooling and solidification of lava C) compaction and cementation of shells and skeletal remains D) chemical precipitation of minerals from seawater 31. Base your answer to the following question on the map and cross section below. The shaded areas on the map represent regions of the United States that have evaporite rock layers (layers of rock formed from the evaporation of seawater) under the surface bedrock. The cross section shows the generalized structure of the area in which the evaporite layers are found in New York State. These evaporite deposits could be composed of which minerals? A) garnet and pyroxene B) mica and feldspar C) hornblende and olivine D) halite and gypsum 32. Which mineral is the major component of drywall? A) talc B) calcite C) muscovite mica D) selenite gypsum

Base your answers to questions 33 through 35 on the table below which provides information about the crystal sizes and the mineral compositions of four igneous rocks, A, B, C, and D. 33. Rock B most likely is A) conglomerate B) schist C) obsidian D) peridotite 34.

7 Base your answers to questions 33 through 35 on the table below which provides information about the crystal sizes and the mineral compositions of four igneous rocks, A, B, C, and D. 33. Rock B most likely is A) conglomerate B) schist C) obsidian D) peridotite 34. The mineral quartz in rock A is composed of the two most abundant elements by mass in Earth's crust. These two elements are oxygen and A) magnesium B) silicon C) iron D) lead 35. Which characteristic of rock B could be caused by the minerals pyroxene and olivine? A) green color B) felsic composition C) folded layers D) metallic luster

8 36. Base your answer to the following question on on the photographs and news article below. Old Man s Loss Felt in New Hampshire FRANCONIA, N.H. Crowds of visitors were drawn to Franconia Notch on Sunday to mourn the loss of New Hampshire s well-known symbol the Old Man of the Mountain granite profile. The 700-ton natural formation was just a pile of rocks after breaking loose from its 1,200-foot-high mountainside perch. It was unclear when the outcropping fell because clouds had obscured the area Thursday and Friday; a state park trail crew discovered the collapse Saturday morning. The famous mountain s history dates millions of years. Over time, nature carved out a 40-foot-tall profile resembling an old man s face, and it eventually became New Hampshire s most recognizable symbol. The Buffalo News, May 5, 2003 The rock of the Old Man of the Mountain most likely includes a mineral with a composition of A) NaCl B) SiO2 C) FeS2 D) PbS 37. Which is an accurate statement about rocks? A) Rocks are located only in continental areas of the Earth. B) Rocks seldom undergo change. C) Most rocks contain fossils. D) Most rocks have several minerals in common.

9 38. The data table below shows the composition of six common rock-forming minerals. The data table provides evidence that A) the same elements are found in all minerals B) a few elements are found in many minerals C) all elements are found in only a few minerals D) all elements are found in all minerals

39. Base your answer to the following question on the graph below, which shows the crustal temperature and pressure conditions under which three different minerals with the same

10 39. Base your answer to the following question on the graph below, which shows the crustal temperature and pressure conditions under which three different minerals with the same chemical composition (Al 2SiO5) crystallize. Which mineral has a chemical composition most similar to andalusite, sillimanite, and kyanite? A) pyrite B) gypsum C) dolomite D) potassium feldspar

40. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below. The arrows show the direction in which sediment is being transported along the shoreline.

11 40. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below. The arrows show the direction in which sediment is being transported along the shoreline. A barrier beach has formed, creating a lagoon (a shallow body of water in which sediments are being deposited). The eroded headlands are composed of diorite bedrock. A groin has recently been constructed. Groins are wall-like structures built into the water perpendicular to the shoreline to trap beach sand. Which two minerals are most likely found in the beach sand that was eroded from the headlands? A) quartz and olivine B) plagioclase feldspar and amphibole C) potassium feldspar and biotite D) pyroxene and calcite 41. Which two minerals have cleavage planes at right 44. In which group do the rocks usually have the mineral angles? quartz as part of their composition? A) biotite mica and muscovite mica B) sulfur and amphibole C) quartz and calcite D) halite and pyroxene 42. How are the minerals biotite mica and muscovite mica different? A) Biotite mica is colorless, but muscovite mica is not. B) Biotite mica contains iron and/or magnesium, but muscovite mica does not. C) Muscovite mica scratches quartz, but biotite mica does not. D) Muscovite mica cleaves into thin sheets, but biotite mica does not. 43. Which mineral can be found in all samples of rhyolite and andesite? A) pyroxene B) quartz C) biotite D) potassium feldspar A) granite, rhyolite, sandstone, hornfels B) shale, scoria, gneiss, metaconglomerate C) conglomerate, gabbro, rock salt, schist D) breccia, fossel limestone, bituminous coal, siltstone

The table below shows some properties of four different minerals. The minerals listed in the table are varieties of which mineral? A) garnet B) magnetite C) quartz D) olivine 47.

12 45. Base your answer to the following question on the table below, which shows the characteristics of four different mineral samples. Which two mineral samples most likely have a similar internal arrangement of atoms? A) galena and quartz B) galena and halite C) gold and halite D) gold and galena 46. The table below shows some properties of four different minerals. The minerals listed in the table are varieties of which mineral? A) garnet B) magnetite C) quartz D) olivine 47. Although more than 2,000 minerals have been identified, 90% of Earth's lithosphere is composed of the 12 minerals listed below. The best explanation for this fact is that most rocks A) are monomineralic B) are composed only of recrystallized minerals C) have a number of minerals in common D) have a 10% nonmineral composition 48. Which mineral is commonly mined as a source of the element lead (Pb)? A) galena B) quartz C) magnetite D) gypsum

1. Base your answer to the following question on on the photographs and news article below. Old Man s Loss Felt in New Hampshire

UNIT 3 EXAM ROCKS AND MINERALS NAME: BLOCK: DATE: 1. Base your answer to the following question on on the photographs and news article below. Old Man s Loss Felt in New Hampshire FRANCONIA, N.H. Crowds