Geologic Time and Life in the Oceans. Oceans and Life. How Old is Earth? The Solar System? Oceans are the birthplace of life.

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Geologic Time and Life in the Oceans. Oceans and Life. How Old is Earth? The Solar System? Oceans are the birthplace of life."

Transcription

1 Geologic Time and Life in the Oceans Oceans and Life Oceans are the birthplace of life. Life metabolism, growth, reproduction, response to stimuli Metabolism use of energy stored in ambient chemicals Reproduction production of viable offspring with similar to identical charactisteristics How Old is Earth? The Solar System? Archbishop Usher of Armagh, Ireland ( ) Earth created at 9:00 AM on October 26, 4004 BC Eastern Standard Time or Rocky Mountain Time? 1800 s - physicists and geologists realize Earth must be very old Halley (1715) - Salinity of oceans increased with time Joly (1899) calculated an age of 90 million years Lord Kelvin estimated the age of Earth 24 to 40 million years old, based on how fast it cooled down, but he was wrong. 1

2 Relative Dating Older, younger Correlation Geologic Time Absolute Dating Measuring years before present Years after a specific event Relative Dating Fossils are generally contained in sedimentary deposits With time, new fossils are deposited on top of old fossils A Relative Dating B C D E In what order did these features form? 2

3 Relative Dating Correlation Relating common sediment strata over great distances Fossils, lithology, Stratigraphy Absolute Dating Radioactive Elements provide a natural clock Most elements are stable, but some are not. Formed during differentiation of the planet and perhaps from supernovae, they gradually decay into other stable elements Atoms and Molecules A (not) tomos (cut) Fundamental building block of matter 3

4 Radioactive Decay Radioactive Decay Gamma (γ) decay Alpha (α) decay Marie and Pierre Curie (above) and Henri Becquerel (left) were awarded a joint Nobel Prize in 1903 for their discovery of radiation. Radioactive Decay Rutherford observed that matter consisted mostly of empty space. He is the father of nuclear physics. 4

5 Radioactive Clocks Once these elements are incorporated into a rock through deposition or crystallization, the clock is set. Knowledge (or an assumption) of the initial amount of daughter isotope coupled with measurement of the current parent/daughter ratio enables an age calculation. dn = λn where N is number of radioactive nuclei and λ is the dt radioactive decay constant. dn = λdt or loge N = λ t + loge N0 N N = N 0 exp( λt) Radioactive Decay 5

6 Uranium/Thorium Dating 238 U, 232 Th, 235 U primordial elements in Earth s crust λ 238 = 4.5 x 10 9 λ 232 = 1.4 x λ 235 = 7.0 x 10 8 Clock set at crystallization (igneous rocks) or precipitation (marine carbonates) Earth Earth is an active planet and its original surface rocks no longer exist. The oldest rocks have been dated to 3.8 Ga Moon rocks have been dated to 4.2 Ga Meteorites that have struck Earth have been dated Ga Radiocarbon Dating 14 C half life = 5,730 y Useful for once-living materials Constantly produced by bombardment of 14 N (70% of atmosphere) by cosmic rays Clock is set when organism ceases to photosynthesize/ metabolize new carbon. 6

7 Constructing the Geologic Time Scale Early Time Scale Based on rocks, fossils and correlations Relative Time Classification into Eons, Eras, Periods Later Time Scale Radiometric techniques applied to existing rocks Geologic Time Based on fossils, extinctions, correlations Geologic Time Based on fossils, extinctions, correlations More recent rocks have eroded less more divisions of time recently 7

8 Ocean Life Archean and Proterozoic Eons 3.17 billion years Most of life s history of development occurred slowly in the oceans. Primordial Soup Water on Earth s surface collected ever more complex compounds (amino acids) which were fused to proteins by lightening and UV light 3.6 billion years ago - Ga 8

9 Experimental Demonstration Stanley Miller (chemist) and Harold Urey (physicist) Why Water? Water is an excellent solvent. Early oceans facilitated interaction between dissolved chemicals. Living entities need some form of a solvent for biochemical reactions those that produce energy for life and water is one of the best known solvents (others may be comparable at different pressures and temperatures). Early Life Theory Membranes developed first to maintain a constant primordial soup-like microenvironment. Theory Heterotrophs probably existed first, processing non-living organic material around them. Theory - Autotrophs probably developed later, with the advantage that they could use constant energy sources (sun, hydrothermal, etc.) First life 3.6 billion years ago (Ga) 9

10 Harnessing Energy Photosynthesis Use of light energy (sun) and raw materials (nutrients) to grow and reproduce Chemosynthesis Use of chemical energy (inorganic compouds at hydrothermal vents) in absence of light to grown and reproduce Tube worms at a vent Earliest Cyanobacteria Stromatolites Layers of algae and sediment Evident in geologic record Ga Evolution from Early Life Oxygen crisis Photosynthetic organisms filled atmosphere with O 2, after they oxidized all surface rocks 1.5 Ga after first life O 2 from water water was everywhere Ozone formation stopped UV light and formation of anaerobic bacteria s food Major extinction of anaerobes, but evolution to more efficient life (aerobic bacteria) 10

11 Oxygenation of Earth s Atmosphere Cambrian Explosion Cambrian Explosion Ma 11

12 Reasons for the Cambrian Explosion Climate change Predation Plate Tectonics These are some theories the jury s still out Ordovician Life Sponges and bryozoans, jawless fish, corals Silurian Life Appearance of fish, continued development of Ordivician life forms in shallow inland seas 12

13 Devonian Life Abundance of corals and coral reefs. Land plants and amphibians, as well as land insects Carboniferous Life Very high productivity in shallow inland seas. Large coal deposits date to this period. Crinoids dominate the marine fossil record. Permian Life Abundant coral reefs, featuring sponges and clam-like animals. Large reptiles on land, paving way for dinosaurs 13

14 Permian Extinction 95-99% of all marine species become extinct. Land species keep diversifying and evolving. Larger than the extinction of the dinosaurs! Reasons: Conglomeration of the continents reduction of shallow seas Snowball Earth a worldwide glaciation Anoxia in the oceans Volcanic eruptions Impact event would a crater still exist? Mesozoic Sea Life Mesozoic (middle animals) Age of the dinosaurs Cenozoic Sea Life The last 65 My. Demise of the ocean lizards. Evolution of marine mammals, entering seas from land. Evolution of many modern species in concert with very old species. Mesonychid (53 Ma) Plakicetus Protocetid Ambulocetus Basilosaurus (38 Ma) 14

15 Summary Key Terms and Concepts Cambrian Explosion Radioactive Decay Relative Dating Oxygen Crisis Permian Extinction 15

First, an supershort History of the Earth by Eon

First, an supershort History of the Earth by Eon HISTORY OF LIFE WRITTEN IN THE ROCKS (geological record): notice how at first no life, very simple if for billions of years, complex life only recently 600 mya In these chapters, two primary themes: History

More information

The principle of fossil succession allows strata in different parts of the world to be correlated, and worldwide relative ages to be worked out

The principle of fossil succession allows strata in different parts of the world to be correlated, and worldwide relative ages to be worked out Correlating beds using index fossils Stratigraphic Classification: Piles of stratified rocks need to be classified. A formation is an easily identifiable rock unit that differs from layers above and below

More information

Absolute Age - Radioactive Decay. Absolute Age - Isotopes. Absolute Age - Radioactive Decay

Absolute Age - Radioactive Decay. Absolute Age - Isotopes. Absolute Age - Radioactive Decay GEOL 100 (Planet Earth) #12 - Earth s Clock Geologic Time - Absolute Age Absolute Age = age of rock (or geologic event) in years. Need constant process as well as record of process; constant process in

More information

Outline. Origin and History of Life

Outline. Origin and History of Life Origin and History of Life Chapter 19 Primitive Earth Origin of First Cells Fossils The Precambrian The Paleozoic The Mesozoic The Cenozoic Continental Drift Mass Extinctions Outline 1 2 The Primitive

More information

Chapter 25: The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life on Earth

Chapter 25: The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life on Earth Chapter 25: The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life on Earth Chemical conditions of the early Earth A model for the first cells First life Life changes the planet: oxygenating Earth s oceans and atmosphere

More information

Earth s History. The principle of states that geologic processes that happened in the past can be explained by current geologic processes.

Earth s History. The principle of states that geologic processes that happened in the past can be explained by current geologic processes. Earth s History Date: Been There, Done That What is the principle of uniformitarianism? The principle of states that geologic processes that happened in the past can be explained by current geologic processes.

More information

Dating the age of the Earth

Dating the age of the Earth Dating the age of the Earth What is the age of the Earth? A. 4.44 million years B. 1 million years C. 4.55 billion years D. 10000 years Discuss this with your neighbor: How do we know the age of the Earth?

More information

Chapter Study Guide Section 17-1 The Fossil Record (pages )

Chapter Study Guide Section 17-1 The Fossil Record (pages ) Name Class Date Chapter Study Guide Section 17-1 The Fossil Record (pages 417-422) Key Concepts What is the fossil record? What information do relative dating and radioactive dating provide about fossils?

More information

Earth History. What is the Earth s time scale? Geological time Scale. Pre-Cambrian. FOUR Eras

Earth History. What is the Earth s time scale? Geological time Scale. Pre-Cambrian. FOUR Eras The Earth is 4.6 billion years old! Earth History Mrs. Burkey ESS Cy Creek HS 17-18 If the Earth formed at midnight 6:00 am First life appears 10:00 pm First animals/plants on land 11:59 pm First humans

More information

Chapter 14 The History of Life

Chapter 14 The History of Life Section 1: Fossil Evidence of Change Section 2: The Origin of Life Click on a lesson name to select. 14.1 Fossil Evidence of Change Land Environments Earth formed about 4.6 billion years ago. Gravity pulled

More information

UNIT 4: History Of Biological Diversity

UNIT 4: History Of Biological Diversity UNIT 4: History Of Biological Diversity CHAPTER 14: The History of Life PAST NOW FUTURE? What is this? Earth s Early history Approximately 4.6 billion years ago, the Earth was formed when many pieces of

More information

Geologic Time Test Study Guide

Geologic Time Test Study Guide Geologic Time Test Study Guide Chapter 12 Section 1 The Earth s Story and Those Who First Listened 1. What is the difference between uniformitarianism and catastrophism? Uniformitarianism: the same geologic

More information

The History of Life. Fossils and Ancient Life (page 417) How Fossils Form (page 418) Interpreting Fossil Evidence (pages ) Chapter 17

The History of Life. Fossils and Ancient Life (page 417) How Fossils Form (page 418) Interpreting Fossil Evidence (pages ) Chapter 17 Chapter 17 The History of Life Section 17 1 The Fossil Record (pages 417 422) This section explains how fossils form and how they can be interpreted. It also describes the geologic time scale that is used

More information

Section 17 1 The Fossil Record (pages )

Section 17 1 The Fossil Record (pages ) Chapter 17 The History of Life Section 17 1 The Fossil Record (pages 417 422) Key Concepts What is the fossil record? What information do relative dating and radioactive dating provide about fossils? What

More information

Warm Up Name the 5 different types of fossils

Warm Up Name the 5 different types of fossils Warm Up Name the 5 different types of fossils Timeline that organizes the events in Earths history. Earth is about 4.7 billion years old. More complex organism such as land plants and fish evolved only

More information

2 Eras of the Geologic Time Scale

2 Eras of the Geologic Time Scale CHAPTER 8 2 Eras of the Geologic Time Scale SECTION The History of Life on Earth BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What kinds of organisms evolved

More information

Earth s s Geologic History

Earth s s Geologic History The Earth s s Geologic History and The Earth s s Interior Earth s s Geologic History Geologic timescale Divides Earth s s history into relative time periods Relative dating based on: (apply for entire

More information

Geological Time How old is the Earth

Geological Time How old is the Earth Geological Time How old is the Earth How old is everything? Universe? Universe ~ 14 Billion Years Old Milky Way Galaxy? Milky Way Galaxy - 10 Billion Years Old Solar System? Solar System -4.6 Billion Years

More information

Earth s Formation: 4.6 Billion Years ago

Earth s Formation: 4.6 Billion Years ago Earth s Formation: 4.6 Billion Years ago Formed from interstellar gas & dust into molten planet Earth s early atmosphere was hostile, made of carbon monoxide, methane, ammonia, nitrogen, nitrogen, sulfur,

More information

Fossils provide evidence of the change in organisms over time.

Fossils provide evidence of the change in organisms over time. Section 1: Fossils provide evidence of the change in organisms over time. K What I Know W What I Want to Find Out L What I Learned Essential Questions What are the similarities and differences between

More information

Origins of Life and Extinction

Origins of Life and Extinction Origins of Life and Extinction What is evolution? What is evolution? The change in the genetic makeup of a population over time Evolution accounts for the diversity of life on Earth Natural selection is

More information

4) Outline the major developments that allowed life to exist on Earth.

4) Outline the major developments that allowed life to exist on Earth. Objectives 4) Outline the major developments that allowed life to exist on Earth. 5) Describe the types of organisms that arose during the four major divisions of the geologic time scale. Each layer of

More information

History of Life on Earth The Geological Time- Scale

History of Life on Earth The Geological Time- Scale History of Life on Earth The Geological Time- Scale Agenda or Summary Layout The Geological Time-Scale 1 2 3 The Geological Time-Scale The Beginning of Life Cambrian Explosion The Geological Time-Scale

More information

17-1 The Fossil Record Slide 2 of 40

17-1 The Fossil Record Slide 2 of 40 2 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life What is the fossil record? 3 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life Fossils and Ancient Life Paleontologists are scientists who collect and study fossils. All information about

More information

Module 9: Earth's History Topic 3 Content: A Tour of Geologic Time Notes

Module 9: Earth's History Topic 3 Content: A Tour of Geologic Time Notes The geologic time scale holds secrets to the life that has existed on Earth since the beginning of time. It is time for you to take a journey through the history of Earth. 1 Click on each of the segments

More information

The History of Life. Before You Read. Read to Learn

The History of Life. Before You Read. Read to Learn 14 The History of Life section 1 Fossil Evidence of Change Before You Read Throughout Earth s history, many species have become extinct. On the lines below, name some organisms that have become extinct.

More information

How do we learn about ancient life? Fossil- a trace or imprint of a living thing that is preserved by geological processes.

How do we learn about ancient life? Fossil- a trace or imprint of a living thing that is preserved by geological processes. Unit 1B Lesson 4 History of Life on Earth How do we learn about ancient life? Paleontologists scientists that studies fossils Fossil- a trace or imprint of a living thing that is preserved by geological

More information

Name Class Date. Crossword Puzzle Use the clues below to complete the puzzle.

Name Class Date. Crossword Puzzle Use the clues below to complete the puzzle. Chapter 17 The History of Life Chapter Vocabulary Review Crossword Puzzle Use the clues below to complete the puzzle. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Across 2. time span shorter than an era, such as Quaternary

More information

Visualizing Earth Science. Chapter Overview. The Ever-Changing Earth. Early Life. Evolution and the Fossil Record. Life in the Phanerozoic Eon

Visualizing Earth Science. Chapter Overview. The Ever-Changing Earth. Early Life. Evolution and the Fossil Record. Life in the Phanerozoic Eon Visualizing Earth Science By Z. Merali and B. F. Skinner Chapter 11 A Brief History of Life on Earth Chapter Overview The Ever-Changing Earth Early Life Evolution and the Fossil Record Life in the Phanerozoic

More information

CHAPTER 19 THE HISTORY OF LIFE. Dr. Bertolotti

CHAPTER 19 THE HISTORY OF LIFE. Dr. Bertolotti CHAPTER 19 THE HISTORY OF LIFE Dr. Bertolotti Essential Question: HOW DO FOSSILS HELP BIOLOGISTS UNDERSTAND THE HISTORY OF LIFE ON EARTH? WHAT DO FOSSILS REVEAL ABOUT ANCIENT LIFE? FOSSILS AND ANCIENT

More information

Study Guide. Section 1: Fossil Evidence of Change CHAPTER 14

Study Guide. Section 1: Fossil Evidence of Change CHAPTER 14 Name Date Class Study Guide CHAPTER 14 Section 1: Fossil Evidence of Change In your textbook, read about Earth s early history. For each statement below, write true or false. 1. Solid Earth formed about

More information

2/5/17. #7 Geologic Time #7 Geologic Time

2/5/17. #7 Geologic Time #7 Geologic Time #7 #7 = all of time since Earth formed (4.6 billion years ago, b.y.a.). Geologists study rocks, fossils, geologic structures (faults, folds) to characterize Earth's history. Natural disasters involve present-day.

More information

FOSSILS Uncovering Clues to the Earth s Past

FOSSILS Uncovering Clues to the Earth s Past FOSSILS Uncovering Clues to the Earth s Past Fossils form when water replaces the cells of dead animals or plants with minerals. These minerals then petrify into rock to form the fossils we see in museums.

More information

Geologic Time. What is Age? Absolute Age The number of years since the rock formed. (150 million years old, 10 thousand years old.

Geologic Time. What is Age? Absolute Age The number of years since the rock formed. (150 million years old, 10 thousand years old. Geologic Time There are 2 kinds: What is Age? Absolute Age The number of years since the rock formed. (150 million years old, 10 thousand years old.) Relative Age The age compared to the ages of other

More information

Chapter 3 Time and Geology

Chapter 3 Time and Geology Chapter 3 Time and Geology Methods of Dating Rocks 1. Relative dating - Using fundamental principles of geology (Steno's Laws, Fossil Succession, etc.) to determine the relative ages of rocks (which rocks

More information

I. History of Life on Earth

I. History of Life on Earth Evolution I. History of Life on Earth I. History of Life A. Early History of Earth I. Early earth was inhospitable hot, with many volcanoes little free oxygen and lots of carbon dioxide other gases present:

More information

Radiometric Dating and the Age of the Earth

Radiometric Dating and the Age of the Earth Radiometric Dating and the Age of the Earth How to tell time: Relative Time: putting events in time order. Law of Superposition Correlation of rock layers using fossils. There is a wonderful order and

More information

17-1 The Fossil Record Slide 1 of 40

17-1 The Fossil Record Slide 1 of 40 1 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life Fossils and Ancient Life Paleontologists are scientists who collect and study fossils. All information about past life is called the fossil record. The fossil record includes

More information

Fossils. Name Date Class. A Trip Through Geologic Time Section Summary

Fossils. Name Date Class. A Trip Through Geologic Time Section Summary Name Date Class A Trip Through Geologic Time Section Summary Fossils Guide for Reading How do fossils form? What are the different kinds of fossils? What does the fossil record tell about organisms and

More information

Chapter 19. History of Life on Earth

Chapter 19. History of Life on Earth Chapter 19 History of Life on Earth Adapted from Holt Biology 2008 Chapter 19 Section 3: Evolution of Life Key Vocabulary Terms Adapted from Holt Biology 2008 Cyanobacteria Photosynthetic prokaryotes Adapted

More information

Geologic Time. Decoding the Age of our Planet & North Carolina

Geologic Time. Decoding the Age of our Planet & North Carolina Geologic Time Decoding the Age of our Planet & North Carolina The Geologic Time Scale Objectives Describe the geologic time scale. Distinguish among the following geologic time scale divisions: eon, era,

More information

HISTORY OF LIFE ON EARTH

HISTORY OF LIFE ON EARTH HISTORY OF LIFE ON EARTH EARTH S HISTORY Earth s age: - about 4.6 billion years old (big bang) First life forms appeared ~3.5 billion years ago How did life arise? 1. Small organic molecules were synthesized

More information

Biology. Slide 1 of 40. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Biology. Slide 1 of 40. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Biology 1 of 40 2 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life What is the fossil record? 3 of 40 Fossils and Ancient Life The fossil record provides evidence about the history of life on Earth. It also shows how different

More information

sparked by just the right combination of physical events & chemical processes Life s Origin & Early Evolution (Ch. 20)

sparked by just the right combination of physical events & chemical processes Life s Origin & Early Evolution (Ch. 20) sparked by just the right combination of physical events & chemical processes Life s Origin & Early Evolution (Ch. 20) 2007-2008 ARCHEAN Millions of years ago PRECAMBRIAN PROTEROZOIC 0 500 1000 Cenozoic

More information

The History of Life. Before You Read. Science Journal

The History of Life. Before You Read. Science Journal The History of Life Before You Read Use the What I Know column to list the things you know about the history of life. Then list the questions you have about the history of life in the What I Want to Find

More information

Spring th Grade

Spring th Grade Spring 2015 8 th Grade The geologic time scale is a record of the major events and diversity of life forms present in Earth s history. The geologic time scale began when Earth was formed and goes on until

More information

PTYS 214 Spring Announcements Midterm #4: two weeks from today!

PTYS 214 Spring Announcements Midterm #4: two weeks from today! PTYS 214 Spring 2018 Announcements Midterm #4: two weeks from today! 1 Previously Radiometric Dating Compare parent / daughter to determine # of half lives 14C, 40K, 238U, 232Th, 87Ru Evidence for Early

More information

Earth s history can be broken up into 4 time periods: Precambrian Paleozoic Era Mesozoic Era Cenozoic Era

Earth s history can be broken up into 4 time periods: Precambrian Paleozoic Era Mesozoic Era Cenozoic Era Earth s History Video Clip Earth s History Earth s history can be broken up into 4 time periods: Precambrian Paleozoic Era Mesozoic Era Cenozoic Era Scientists have put together a timeline of Earth s history

More information

Fossils Biology 2 Thursday, January 31, 2013

Fossils Biology 2 Thursday, January 31, 2013 Fossils Biology 2 Evolution Change in the genetic composition of a group of organisms over time. Causes: Natural Selection Artificial Selection Genetic Engineering Genetic Drift Hybridization Mutation

More information

5 Time Marches On. TAKE A LOOK 1. Identify What kinds of organisms formed the fossils in the picture?

5 Time Marches On. TAKE A LOOK 1. Identify What kinds of organisms formed the fossils in the picture? CHAPTER 6 5 Time Marches On SECTION The Rock and Fossil Record BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How do geologists measure time? How has life changed

More information

Revision Based on Chapter 19 Grade 11

Revision Based on Chapter 19 Grade 11 Revision Based on Chapter 19 Grade 11 Biology Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Most fossils are found in rusty water. volcanic rock. sedimentary

More information

Summary The Fossil Record Earth s Early History. Name Class Date

Summary The Fossil Record Earth s Early History. Name Class Date Name Class Date Chapter 17 Summary The History of Life 17 1 The Fossil Record Fossils are preserved traces and remains of ancient life. Scientists who study fossils are called paleontologists. They use

More information

Chapter Introduction. Chapter Wrap-Up. Explosion

Chapter Introduction. Chapter Wrap-Up. Explosion Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Chapter Wrap-Up Geologic Time Ancient Earth The Cambrian Explosion How have natural events changed Earth over time? What do you think? Before you begin,

More information

GEOLOGY 12 CHAPTER 8 WS #3 GEOLOGIC TIME & THE FOSSIL RECORD

GEOLOGY 12 CHAPTER 8 WS #3 GEOLOGIC TIME & THE FOSSIL RECORD GEOLOGY 12 CHAPTER 8 WS #3 GEOLOGIC TIME & THE FOSSIL RECORD NAME Multiple Choice 1. Fossils are most commonly found in A. sedimentary rocks. B. metamorphic rocks. C. igneous rocks. D. all kinds of rocks.

More information

Links to help understand the immensity of the Geologic Time Scale

Links to help understand the immensity of the Geologic Time Scale Links to help understand the immensity of the Geologic Time Scale http://www.bonnechere.ca/naturalhistory.htm http://comp.uark.edu/~sboss/geotime.htm http://www.britannica.com/ebchecked/media/1650/the-geologic-time-scale-from-650-million-years-ago-to

More information

Section 17 1 The Fossil Record (pages )

Section 17 1 The Fossil Record (pages ) Name Class Date Chapter 17 The History of Life Section 17 1 The Fossil Record (pages 417 422) This section explains how fossils form and how they can be interpreted. It also describes the geologic time

More information

Chapter 17 History of Life

Chapter 17 History of Life Chapter 17 History of Life What You ll Learn You will examine how rocks and fossils provide evidence of changes in Earth s organisms. You will correlate the geologic time scale with biological events.

More information

What is the Earth s time scale?

What is the Earth s time scale? Earth History What is the Earth s time scale? The Geological time scale is a record of the life forms and geological events in Earth s history. Scientists developed the time scale by fossils world wide.

More information

Geologic Time. Absolute versus relative time. Absolute time. Absolute time: time in specific units (hours, days, years, etc.)

Geologic Time. Absolute versus relative time. Absolute time. Absolute time: time in specific units (hours, days, years, etc.) Absolute versus relative time Absolute time: time in specific units (hours, days, years, etc.) Absolute versus Relative Time Early estimates of the age of the Earth Basic Atomic Chemistry Radiometric Dating

More information

Geologic Time. Geologic Events

Geologic Time. Geologic Events Geologic Time Much of geology is focused on understanding Earth's history. The physical characteristics of rocks and minerals offer clues to the processes and conditions on and within Earth in the past.

More information

GO ON. Directions: Use the diagram below to answer question 1.

GO ON. Directions: Use the diagram below to answer question 1. d i a g n o s t i c t e s t : e a r t h a n d s p a c e s c i e n c e question 1. 1. What is the correct order (starting from the surface) of Earth s layers? A crust, outer core, inner core, mantle B mantle,

More information

Page 143: Geologic Time

Page 143: Geologic Time Page 143: Geologic Time Divide pages 144-147 in 6 One for each box: Hadeon Eon Archeon Eon Cambrian Period Ordovician Period Silurian Period Devonian Period Carboniferous Period Mississipian Period Pennsylvanian

More information

A brief history of the Earth!

A brief history of the Earth! A brief history of the Earth! The Geologic Time Scale Age of the Earth Hadean Eon Hadean Eon (4.57-3.85 Gyrs) Hell on Earth: 4.527 Gyrs formation of Moon 4.5 Gyrs - magma ocean, differentiation of core,

More information

Earth Science. Name Block. Unit 3 Review Worksheet. Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer

Earth Science. Name Block. Unit 3 Review Worksheet. Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer Earth Science Unit 3 Review Worksheet Name Block Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer 1. Which geologic principle is used when a geologist observes an outcrop or rocks and determines

More information

geologic age of Earth - about 4.6 billion years

geologic age of Earth - about 4.6 billion years Geologic Time Geologic Time geologic age of Earth - about 4.6 billion years Geologic Time very difficult to appreciate from our human perspective necessary to understand history of Earth two basic ways

More information

Notes on Life & Geologic Time Name:

Notes on Life & Geologic Time Name: Notes on Life & Geologic Time Name: S.W.B.A.T Explain how time can be divided into units Relate changes of Earth s to divisions on the geologic time scale Describe how plate tectonics affects Geologic

More information

Origin & History of Life

Origin & History of Life Origin & History of Life SIX Kingdoms! New one = Archea Thanks C. Woese Prokaryotes = no discrete nucleus containing genetic material This bush of life accurately shows Archea, Eubacteria and Eukaryotes

More information

.Biology Chapter 14 Test: The History of Life

.Biology Chapter 14 Test: The History of Life Class: Date:.Biology Chapter 14 Test: The History of Life True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. 1. On the geologic time scale, an eon is longer than an era. 2. The oblong shape of

More information

Phys 214. Planets and Life

Phys 214. Planets and Life Phys 214. Planets and Life Dr. Cristina Buzea Department of Physics Room 259 E-mail: cristi@physics.queensu.ca (Please use PHYS214 in e-mail subject) Lecture 10. Geology and life. Part 1 (Page 99-123)

More information

Directed Reading. Section: Precambrian Time and the Paleozoic Era EVOLUTION. beginning of life is called. to. PRECAMBRIAN TIME.

Directed Reading. Section: Precambrian Time and the Paleozoic Era EVOLUTION. beginning of life is called. to. PRECAMBRIAN TIME. Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: Precambrian Time and the Paleozoic Era 1. Where is the geologic history of Earth recorded? 2. What kind of information can scientists get from the types of rock

More information

Chapter 11 (Geologic Time)

Chapter 11 (Geologic Time) Chapter 11 (Geologic Time) Knowing the chronology of events is crucial for interpreting geologic history. One of the early figures in geology, James Hutton, observed of geologic time that there is "No

More information

Chapter 3 Time and Geology

Chapter 3 Time and Geology Chapter 3 Time and Geology Finding the age of rocks: Relative versus Actual Dating The science that deals with determining the ages of rocks is called geochronology. Methods of Dating Rocks 1. Relative

More information

GEOS 2900 Sample Instructor Notes

GEOS 2900 Sample Instructor Notes 3.3.1 THE HISTORY OF THE EARTH GEOS 2900 Sample Instructor Notes Things to do before class begins: 1. Place the following daily agenda on the board: a. Announcements b. Go over Activity 3.2.2 (Absolute

More information

Unit 6: Interpreting Earth s History

Unit 6: Interpreting Earth s History Unit 6: Interpreting Earth s History How do we know that the Earth has changed over time? Regent s Earth Science Name: Topics Relative Dating Uniformitarianism Superposition Original Horizontality Igneous

More information

Name Date EARTH S HISTORY VOCABULARY

Name Date EARTH S HISTORY VOCABULARY Name Date EARTH S HISTORY VOCABULARY Use Figure 2 to answer the following two questions. 10. Interpreting Graphics Which is older the sandstone layer or Dike A? Explain your answer. Conglomerate Sandstone

More information

Origins of Life. Fundamental Properties of Life. The Tree of Life. Chapter 26

Origins of Life. Fundamental Properties of Life. The Tree of Life. Chapter 26 Origins of Life The Tree of Life Cell is the basic unit of life Today all cells come from pre-existing cells Earth formed ~4.5 billion years ago (BYA) Chapter 26 As it cooled, chemically-rich oceans were

More information

1. What is the definition of uniformitarianism? 2. What is the definition of organic? 4. What is the definition of inorganic?

1. What is the definition of uniformitarianism? 2. What is the definition of organic? 4. What is the definition of inorganic? Earth Science Unit 3- History of the Earth Knowledge Packet Learning Target 3B: Have you ever thought about the history of the Earth? No, well you should have because it s pretty cool. Things like mountain

More information

Age Dating and the Oceans

Age Dating and the Oceans Age Dating and the Oceans 1. Age dating of geologic materials reveals (a) the age of the Earth, and (b) how long oceans have been on Earth. 2. Relative dating of fossils from the seafloor allows us to

More information

Timeline that organizes the events in Earths history. Earth is about 4.7 billion years old. More complex organism such as land plants and fish

Timeline that organizes the events in Earths history. Earth is about 4.7 billion years old. More complex organism such as land plants and fish Timeline that organizes the events in Earths history. Earth is about 4.7 billion years old. More complex organism such as land plants and fish evolved only with in the last 500 million years. Humans evolved

More information

Time. How we achieved a modern sense of time. Yearly Calendars are Ancient

Time. How we achieved a modern sense of time. Yearly Calendars are Ancient Time How we achieved a modern sense of time. Yearly Calendars are Ancient Stonehenge is 2000+ BC and indicates that ancient cultures counted days and knew precisely the repeat cycle of the seasons. 1 Renaissance

More information

Fossils & The Geologic Time Scale

Fossils & The Geologic Time Scale Fossils & The Geologic Time Scale Fossils Preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived in the past. Fossils are formed when organisms die and are buried in sediment. Eventually the sediment builds

More information

Earth s Evolution Through Time

Earth s Evolution Through Time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Earth s Evolution Through Time Earth 9 th edition Chapter 22 Earth s evolution: summary in haiku form Super-continents have come and gone many times: giant bumper cars.

More information

Objectives. Vocabulary. Describe the geologic time scale. Distinguish among the following geologic time scale divisions: eon, era, period, and epoch.

Objectives. Vocabulary. Describe the geologic time scale. Distinguish among the following geologic time scale divisions: eon, era, period, and epoch. The Geologic Time Scale Objectives Describe the geologic time scale. Distinguish among the following geologic time scale divisions: eon, era, period, and epoch. Vocabulary geologic time scale eon era period

More information

2/13/17. Geologic Time - Relative Age Determination. Geologic Time - Relative Age Determination. Geologic Time - Relative Age Determination

2/13/17. Geologic Time - Relative Age Determination. Geologic Time - Relative Age Determination. Geologic Time - Relative Age Determination A) Principle of Uniformitarianism = For natural disasters, uniformitarianism used to predict future events. Examples? Which rock layer is oldest (bottom, middle or top)? B) Principle of Superposition =

More information

Topic 7: Historical Geology

Topic 7: Historical Geology Topic 7: Historical Geology (ES. 8 b, 9 a-e, 10 a-d, 12 a, b, e) ES.8 The student will investigate and understand geologic processes including plate tectonics. Key concepts include: b) processes (faulting,

More information

Classification & History of Life

Classification & History of Life Classification & History of Life Today & next time Taxonomy Modes of Life Origin of Life Traditional new History of life Taxonomy: Organize life into related groups Traditional Taxonomy Grouped by shared

More information

Cycles in the Phanerozoic

Cycles in the Phanerozoic Cycles in the Phanerozoic Evolutionary trends: extinctions, adaptive radiations, diversity over time Glaciations Sea level change Ocean chemistry Atmospheric CO 2 biosphere Mass extinctions in the..you

More information

Laboratory 7 Geologic Time

Laboratory 7 Geologic Time (Name) Laboratory 7 Geologic Time We will be exploring ideas behind the development of the geological column. The geological column is a general term that is used to describe the template behind which

More information

Evolution and diversity of organisms

Evolution and diversity of organisms Evolution and diversity of organisms Competency Levels - 7 3.1.1 Uses the theories of origin of life and natural selection to analyze the process of evolution of life 3.2.1 Constructs hierarchy of taxa

More information

EARTH S HISTORY. What is Geology? logy: science. Geology is the scientific study of the Earth, including its:

EARTH S HISTORY. What is Geology? logy: science. Geology is the scientific study of the Earth, including its: EARTH S HISTORY 1 What is Geology? Geo: earth logy: science Geology is the scientific study of the Earth, including its: composition, structure, and physical properties. 2 1 Geologists study: the origin

More information

12.1. KEY CONCEPT Fossils are a record of life that existed in the past. 68 Reinforcement Unit 4 Resource Book

12.1. KEY CONCEPT Fossils are a record of life that existed in the past. 68 Reinforcement Unit 4 Resource Book 12.1 THE FOSSIL RECORD KEY CONCEPT Fossils are a record of life that existed in the past. Fossils can form in several different ways: Permineralization occurs when water surrounds a hard structure such

More information

Lecture Outlines PowerPoint. Chapter 12 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens

Lecture Outlines PowerPoint. Chapter 12 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens Lecture Outlines PowerPoint Chapter 12 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors

More information

Origin of Life. What is Life? The evolutionary tree of life can be documented with evidence. The Origin of Life on Earth is another

Origin of Life. What is Life? The evolutionary tree of life can be documented with evidence. The Origin of Life on Earth is another sparked by just the right combination of physical events & chemical processes Origin of Life 500 Paleozoic 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 ARCHEAN Millions of years ago 1000 PROTEROZOIC Cenozoic Mesozoic 4000

More information

Timing of Geologic Events. Geologic Time Terms. Laws / Principles of Stratigraphy

Timing of Geologic Events. Geologic Time Terms. Laws / Principles of Stratigraphy Geologic Time Terms Hadean Archean Proterozoic Phanerozoic Paleozoic Mesozoic Cenozoic(Tertiary) Cambrian Unconformity Angular unconformity Half-life Alpha particle Beta particle Gamma ray Neutron UT How

More information

ASTR 390 Astrobiology

ASTR 390 Astrobiology ASTR 390 Astrobiology Origins of Complex Life on Earth The origin of life on Earth most likely occurred A before 4.5 billion years ago B between about 4.5 billion years ago and 3.5 billion years ago C

More information

Chapter 11. The Archean Era of Precambrian Time

Chapter 11. The Archean Era of Precambrian Time Chapter 11 The Archean Era of Precambrian Time 1 Guiding Questions When and how did Earth and its moon come into being? How did the core, mantle, crust form? Where did Archean rocks form, and what is their

More information

History of Life on Earth

History of Life on Earth Macroevolution Broad pattern of evolution at and above the species level (in contrast to microevolution) History of Life on Earth Chapter 25 Early earth Miller and Urey Experiments ~4.5 billion years old

More information

Geologic Time: Hutton s Outcrop at Siccar Point. How do we determine age (relative & absolute) What is the age of the earth? How do we know?

Geologic Time: Hutton s Outcrop at Siccar Point. How do we determine age (relative & absolute) What is the age of the earth? How do we know? Geologic Time: How do we determine age (relative & absolute) What is the age of the earth? How do we know? What is the age of the Earth? A. 4.44 million years B. 1 million years C. 4.55 billion years D.

More information

THE HISTORY OF THE EARTH EARTH SCIENCE

THE HISTORY OF THE EARTH EARTH SCIENCE THE HISTORY OF THE EARTH EARTH SCIENCE FOSSILS Paleontology is the study of life that existed in prehistoric times A fossil is any evidence of earlier life preserved in rock. Shells Bones Petrified trees

More information

The History of Life. Before You Read. Read to Learn

The History of Life. Before You Read. Read to Learn 14 The History of Life section 1 Fossil Evidence of Change Before You Read Throughout Earth s history, many species have become extinct. On the lines below, name some organisms that have become extinct.

More information