Impacts of Upstream Disturbances on Downstream Sediment Yield and Morphology in the Presence of Best Management Practices
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1 Impacts of Upstream Disturbances on Downstream Sediment Yield and Morphology in the Presence of Best Management Practices Ilkim Cavus M.S. Student Dr. Latif Kalin Professor Auburn University, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences
2 BACKGROUND ater_pollution um.org Deforestation wiki/urbanization Urbanization Water Pollution /agriculture.html Agricultural Practices g/wiki/forestry Forestry Practices
3 BACKGROUND Forested watersheds provide high quality water Forestry practices can adversely impact water quality Best Management Practices (BMPs) Water bars and turnouts Broad-based dip Stream Side Management Zone (SMZ)
4 BACKGROUND Even well designed BMPs are present, they may not be effective in protecting water quality BMPs may lose their effectiveness in time There is a need to understand the impacts of varying source of disturbances on stream water quality and the capacity of BMPs to sustain their effectiveness under these disturbances EPA Report No. EPA/6/R-3/139
5 OBJECTIVES 1. Studying the impacts of upstream urban practices on downstream sediment yield in two small watersheds in East Central Alabama 2. Observing changes on stream morphology under the impacts of upstream disturbances
6 STUDY AREA South Auburn Managed by SFWS, Auburn University Average annual rainfall: ~148cm Average slope: <6 %
7 STUDY DESIGN Land use/land cover W W1 E W1 6 sub-watersheds W 1 E 1 W W2 E W2 6 monitoring stations W 2 E 2 E W3 SMZs W W3 E 3 W 3
8 STUDY DESIGN study Effectiveness of SMZs 5 % cutting within SMZs Current study 5 year post SMZ cutting 6 year post clearcutting
9 STUDY DESIGN
10 METHODS Sediment and hydrologic sampling Water stage measurements using pressure transducers Standard stream cross-sectional velocity profile Rating curves Water samples The 254 Total Suspended Solids Dried Method
11 METHODS Stream morphology Stream cross section/transect surveys Bankfull cross sectional area Width/depth ratio, Entrenchment ratio Pebble Count Rosgen stream types W T1 W T2 W T3 W T4 E T1 E T2 E T3 E T4 E T5 W T5 E T6 W T6
12 Sediment Load (kg/day/ha) Water yield (liter/sec/ha) RESULTS and DISCUSSION Water Yield W1 W2 W3 E1 E2 E3 Sediment Yield Current Sediment Load Previous Study Sediment Load W1 W2 W3 E1 E2 E3
13 Flow (lt/sec) Sediment Load (kg/day) Flow (lt/sec) Sediment Load (kg/day) RESULTS and DISCUSSION Water and Sediment Yield W1 W2 W3 E1 E2 E3 Flow (lt/sec() Sediment Load (kg/day) W1 1 W2 2 W3 3 E1 4 E2 5 E3 6 (a) W1 W2 W3 E1 E2 E Flow (lt/sec) (b) Sediment Load (kg/day) W1 1 W2 2 W3 3 E1 4 E2 5 E3 6 2 Discharge and sediment load in both W W and E W during the event of 2/21/214 (a) and 4/19/214 (b)
14 RESULTS and DISCUSSION End of upstream disturbances Decreasing trend in sediment movement to downstream
15 Concentartion (mg/lt/sec) Concentartion (mg/lt/sec) Concentartion (mg/lt/sec) Concentartion (mg/lt/sec) Concentartion (mg/lt/sec) Concentartion (mg/lt/sec) RESULTS and DISCUSSION Period 1 Period 2 W Flow ( lt/sec) Period 1 Period 2 W Flow ( lt/sec) Period 1 Period 2 E Flow ( lt/sec) Period 1 Period 2 E Flow ( 15 lt/sec) Period 1 Period 2 W Period 1 Period 2 E Flow ( lt/sec) Changes on sediment concentration through time at W 1, W 2, W 3, E 1, E 2, E 3 5 1Flow ( 15 lt/sec)
16 Depth (cm) Depth (cm) Depth (cm) Depth (cm) RESULTS and DISCUSSION Stream channel transects Distance (cm) /31/214 5/2/214 7/5/214 7/29/214 1/14/214 2/8/215 5/5/215 7/26/215 W T Distance (cm) /31/214 5/2/214 7/5/214 7/29/214 1/14/214 2/8/215 5/5/215 7/26/215 W T4 Distance (cm) Distance (cm) E T1 2 E T /31/214 5/2/215 7/5/214 7/29/214 1/14/214 2/8/215 5/5/215 7/26/ /31/214 5/2/214 7/5/214 7/29/214 1/14/214 2/8/215 5/5/215 7/26/215
17 RESULTS and DISCUSSION Transects Erosion (ton) Deposition (ton) Net (ton) WT1-WT WT2-WT WT3-WT WT4-WT WT5-WT Total Total (ha) ET1-ET W T1 W T2 W T3 W T4 E T1 E T2 E T3 E T4 ET2-ET ET3-ET W T5 W T6 E T5 E T6 ET4-ET ET5-ET Total Total (ha)
18 RESULTS and DISCUSSION Stream channel characteristics West Stream Width depth ratio<12 Entrenchment ratio >2.2 Sinuosity = 1.6 Water surface slope =.18 E5 stream type East Stream Width depth ratio>12 Entrenchment ratio <1.4 Sinuosity = 1.3 Water surface slope =.14 F5 stream type
19 SUMMARY Hydrology and Sediment Substantial amount of sediment yield to downstream Decreasing trend in sediment yield through time Decreasing capacity of SMZs Stream Morphology Changes on stream cross sections through time Instream erosion and deposition between channel transects
20 THANK YOU! QUESTIONS?
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