Separation in three-dimensional steady flow. Part 3: TOPOLOGY OF SOME REMARKABLE THREE-DIMENSIONAL FLOWS

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1 Separation in three-dimensional steady flow Part 3: TOPOLOGY OF SOME REMARKABLE THREE-DIMENSIONAL FLOWS

2 H. Werlé. Onera Separation on a blunt body

3 Separation on a blunt body Two-vortex structure. Skin friction line pattern Seen from above Separation line of detachment Attachment line Wind tunnel S2Ch. Onera

4 Separation on a blunt body Two-vortex structure. Skin friction line pattern Side view Separation lines of detachment Wind tunnel S2Ch. Onera

5 Separation on a blunt body Two-vortex structure. Skin friction line pattern Wind tunnel S2Ch. Onera Close up on the body rear part Attachment line Detachment lines Focus

6 Separation on a blunted body Two-vortex structure. Skin friction line pattern Details at the nose Pressure side developed

7 Separation on a blunt body Two-vortex structure. Skin friction line pattern Details at the nose Pressure side developed

8 Separation on a blunted body. Skin friction line pattern with two foci. Formation of tornado like vortices The body surface is dveloped

9 Separation on a blunt body. Structure with two tornado like vortices. First detachment surface

10 Separation on a blunt body. Structure with two tornado like vortices. Second detachment surface

11 Separation on a blunt body. Structure with two tornado like vortices. Third detachment surface

12 Separation on a blunt body Assembling of the detachment surfaces

13 Flow past a delta wing at incidence H. Werlé. Onera

14 Separation on a delta wing at incidence One-vortex system Starting of the primary detachment surface at the wing apex Skin friction line pattern on the suction side

15 Separation on a delta wing at incidence One-vortex system Windward side Leeside Skin friction line pattern Starting of the primary detachment surface

16 Separation on a delta wing at incidence One-vortex system H. Werlé. Onera What is seen as two vortices are in fact the traces of the horseshoe vortex forming at the wing apex Field projected in a plane normal to the wing surface

17 Vortices over a delta wing with a sweep angle of 70 H. Werlé. Onera

18 Separation on a delta wing at incidence One-vortex system. Other organisation Skin friction line pattern Field projected in a plane normal to the wing surface

19 Vortices over the Concorde wing H. Werlé. Onera

20 Vortices over a Concorde type wing. Cut by a downstream vertical plane H. Werlé. Onera

21 Separation on a delta wing at incidence Two-vortex system Skin friction line pattern on the wing leeside Flow in the vicinity of the wing apex

22 Separation on a delta wing at incidence Two-vortex system With cusp points Variant with distinct points

23 Separation on a delta wing at incidence Two-vortex system H. Werlé. Onera Water tunnel visualization Field projected in a plane normal to the wing surface

24 Separation on a delta wing at incidence Two-vortex system

25 Separation on a delta wing at incidence Two-vortex system with limit circle Limit circle Cercle limite Limit Cerclecircle limite Field projected in a plane normal to the wing surface

26 Wake vortex of a classical wing H. Werlé. Onera

27 Wake vortex of an isolated classical wing. Skin friction line pattern Leading edge region Pressure side Suction side

28 Wake vortex of a classical wing Detachment surface and vortices Turning flow Turning flow Due to the overpressure on the pressure side, the flow is pushed by the pressure difference and tends to stream on the suction side.

29 Wake vortex of a classical wing Detachment surface and vortices Wake vortex Wake vortex Induced drag Wake friction drag Vorticity (entropy) produced in the boundary layers is concentrated in the two tip vortices

30 Formation of a wing tip vortex H. Werlé. Onera Focus origin of the vortex

31 Wake vortex of a wing with control surfaces Skin friction line pattern on the suction side

32 Wake vortex of a wing with control surfaces Vortices emitted by tips of wing and control surfaces

33 Wake vortex of a wing with control surfaces Field projected in a downstream plane

34 Separation on a delta wing at very low Reynolds number H. Werlé. Onera Vortices emanate from foci distinct from the wing apex

35 Separation on a slender body H. Werlé. Onera

36 Separation on a space launcher ogive Starting of tornado like vortices H. Werlé. Onera

37 Separation on a blunted slender body Separation with two tornado like vortices. Skin friction line pattern.

38 Separation on a blunted slender body Separation with two tornado like vortices. Detachment surfaces

39 Detachment on a missile ogive with flat faces Separation with four tornado like vortices

40 Separation on a sharp slender body Skin friction line pattern Details near the apex View from above (body surface developed) Side view

41 Separation on a sharp slender body Two-vortex system Field projected in a plane normal to the body axis

42 Separation on a sharp slender body H. Werlé. Onera

43 Separation on a sharp slender body Three-vortex system Field projected in a plane normal to the body axis

44 Separation on a sharp slender body in a Mach 2 flow Laser sheet visualization Wind tunnel S5Ch. Onera

45 Separation on a sharp slender body Limit circle Limit circle Existence of a limit circle Field projected in a plane normal to the body axis

46 Separation on a sharp slender body Asymmetric configuration and side force Interaction between the two vortices may lead to a loss of symmetry for the system This occurs in a well defined range of angle of incidence. Asymmetry entails existence of a side force Side force Field projected in a plane normal to the body axis

47 Separation on a sharp slender body Symmetrical and asymmetrical configurations H. Werlé. Onera

48 H. Werlé. Onera Separation induced by a blunt obstacle

49 Separation induced by a blunt obstacle Skin friction line pattern One-vortex system

50 Separation induced by a blunt obstacle Flow in the symmetry plane One-vortex system

51 Separation induced by a blunt obstacle Detachment surface One-vortex system

52 Separation induced by a blunt obstacle Skin friction line pattern Three-vortex system

53 Separation induced by a blunt obstacle Detachment surface Three-vortex system

54 Separation induced by a blunt obstacle Flow in the symmetry plane Four-vortex system

55 Separation induced by a blunt obstacle Field in a downstream vertical plane Two tornado like vortex system Impact regions : pressure and heat transfer peaks

56 Separation induced by a blunt obstacle Flow in the symmetry plane. Variant Structure with one detachment

57 Separation induced by a blunt obstacle Flow in the symmetry plane. Variant Structure with two detachments

58 Separation induced by a blunt obstacle Flow in the symmetry plane. Variants Attachment at the obstacle foot Detachment on the obstacle

59 Detachment induced by an obstacle in supersonic flow Wind tunnel S5Ch. Onera Detachment shock Triple point Shear layer

60 Detachment induced by an obstacle in supersonic flow Skin friction line pattern on the horizontal floor

61 Impact of the shear layer Detachment induced by an obstacle in supersonic flow Skin friction line pattern on the obstacle

62 Separation induced by a blunt obstacle Flow in the vertical symmetry flow

63 Separation induced by a blunt obstacle Detachment surfaces forming on the obstacle

64 Separation on a blunt obstacle The various detachment surfaces

65 H. Werlé. Onera Separation induced by a protuberance

of the separation shock Primary separation line

66 Separation induced by a protuberance in supersonic flow Surface flow visualisation Shadow of the separation shock Primary separation line Attachment line Shadow of the front shock Sedney & Kitchens

67 Separation induced by a protuberance Skin friction line pattern on the flat plane

68 Separation induced by a protuberance Skin friction line pattern on the protuberance Front view Side view

69 Separation induced by a protuberance Rear tornado like vortices Completely immerged protuberance The tornado like vortices are entrained by the main flow

70 Separation induced by a protuberance Rear tornado like vortices Free surface Configuration with a free surface

71 Separation induced by a protuberance The detachment surfaces

72 Separation induced by a protuberance Field projected in a downstream vertical plane

MDTS 5705 : Aerodynamics & Propulsion Lecture 2 : Missile lift and drag. G. Leng, MDTS, NUS

MDTS 5705 : Aerodynamics & Propulsion Lecture 2 : Missile lift and drag 2.1. The design of supersonic airfoils For efficient lift generation at subsonic speeds, airfoils look like : So why can t a similar