CALIFORNIA CONTENT STANDARDS FOCUS ON EARTH SCIENCE, Grade 6. Correlated to AGS EARTH SCIENCE
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1 CALIFORNIA CONTENT STANDARDS FOCUS ON EARTH SCIENCE, Grade 6 Correlated to AGS EARTH SCIENCE PLATE TECTONICS AND EARTH S STRUCTURE 1. Plate tectonics accounts for important features of Earth s surface and major geologic events. As a basis for understanding this concept: a. Students know evidence of plate tectonics is derived from the fit of the continents; the location of earthquakes, volcanoes, and midocean ridges; and the distribution of fossils, rock types, and ancient climatic zones. ST: pp , 266, , 270, 271, 287 TE: pp. 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 119: #25-26, 133: #54 and #56 CD-ROM: Chapter 13: Resource Files 25-26, Workbook Activity 54 and 56, Mastery Tests b. Students know Earth is composed of several layers: a cold, brittle lithosphere; a hot, convecting mantle; and a dense, metallic core. ST: p. 262 TE: p. 100 c. Students know lithospheric plates the size of continents and oceans move at rates of centimeters per year in response to movements in the mantle. ST: pp TE: pp. 100, 119: #25-26, 133: #56 CD-ROM: Chapter 11: Resource Files 25-26, Workbook Activity 56, Mastery Tests d. Students know that earthquakes are sudden motions along breaks in the crust called faults and that volcanoes and fissures are locations where magma reaches the surface. ST: pp , TE: pp. 101, 104, 133: #54-55 CD-ROM: Chapter 13: Workbook Activities 54-55, Mastery Tests 1
2 1. (Cont.) Plate tectonics accounts for important features of Earth s surface and major geologic events. As a basis for understanding this concept: e. Students know major geologic events, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountain building, result from plate motions. ST: pp. 265, , , 270, 271 TE: pp. 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 133: #55 CD-ROM: Chapter 13: Workbook Activity 55, Mastery Tests f. Students know how to explain major features of California geology (including mountains, faults, volcanoes) in terms of plate tectonics. ST: pp. 265, , , 270, 271 TE: pp. 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 133: #55 CD-ROM: Chapter 13: Workbook Activity 55, Mastery Tests g. Students know how to determine the epicenter of an earthquake and know that the effects of an earthquake on any region vary, depending on the size of the earthquake, the distance of the region from the epicenter, the local geology, and the type of construction in the region. ST: pp TE: pp. 104, 152: #47 CD-ROM: Chapter 13: Lab Manual 47 SHAPING EARTH S SURFACE 2. Topography is reshaped by the weathering of rock and soil and by the transportation and deposition of sediment. As a basis for understanding this concept: a. Students know water running downhill is the dominant process in shaping the landscape, including California s landscape. ST: pp , , TE: pp. 94, 95, 96, 118: #24, 132: 49 and 51-52, 150: #42-43 CD-ROM: Chapter 12: Resource File 24, Workbook Activity 49 and 50-51, Lab Manual 42-43, Mastery Tests 2
3 2. (Cont.) Topography is reshaped by the weathering of rock and soil and by the transportation and deposition of sediment. As a basis for understanding this concept: b. Students know rivers and streams are dynamic systems that erode, transport sediment, change course, and flood their banks in natural and recurring patterns. ST: pp TE: pp. 94, 118: #24, 132: #49 CD-ROM: Chapter 12: Resource File 24, Workbook Activities 49 and 52, Mastery Tests c. Students know beaches are dynamic systems in which sand is supplied by rivers and moved along the coast by the action of waves. ST: pp TE: pp. 94, 132: #52 CD-ROM: Chapter 12: Wor kbook Activity 52 d. Students know earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, and floods change human and wildlife habitats. ST: pp. 256, 274 TE: p. 104 HEAT (THERMAL ENERGY) (PHYSICAL SCIENCE) 3. Heat moves in a predictable flow from warmer objects to cooler objects until all the objects are at the same temperature. As a basis for understanding this concept: a. Students know energy can be carried from one place to another by heat flow or by waves, including water, light and sound waves, or by moving objects. ST: pp , , , , , , , , 241, , , , , TE: pp. 66, 68, 69, 71, 74, 75, 77, 80, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 89, 90, 93, 95, 113: #15-16, 114: #18-19, 115: #21-22, 123: #31-32, 124: #36, 125: #37-40, 126: #44, 126: #44, 127: #45-48, 128: #49-52, 129: #53-56 CD-ROM: Chapter 7: Workbook Activities 31-32, Mastery Tests; Chapter 8: Resource File 15-16, Workbook Activities 36-40, Mastery Tests; Chapter 9: Resource File 18-19, Workbook Activities 44-46, Mastery Tests; Chapter 10: Workbook Activities 47-51, Mastery Tests; Chapter 11: Resource Files 21-22, Workbook Activities 53-56, Mastery Tests 3
4 3. (Cont.) Heat moves in a predictable flow from warmer objects to cooler objects until all the objects are at the same temperature. As a basis for understanding this concept: b. Students know that when fuel is consumed, most of the energy released becomes heat energy. ST: pp , , TE: pp. 66, 78, 80, 126: #42-44 CD-ROM: Chapter 9: Wor kbook Activities c. Students know heat flows in solids by conduction (which involves no flow of matter) and in fluids by conduction and convection (which involves flow of matter). ST: pp TE: pp. 80, 114: #18, 126: #43, 127: #46 CD-ROM: Chapter 9: Resource File 18, Workbook Activities 43 and 46, Mastery Tests d. Students know heat energy is also transferred between objects by radiation (radiation can travel through space). ST: p. 231 TE: pp. 80, 114: #18, 126: #43 CD-ROM: Chapter 9: Resour ce File 18, Workbook Activity 43 ENERGY IN THE EARTH SYSTEM 4. Many phenomena on Earth s surface are affected by the transfer of energy through radiation and convection currents. As a basis for understanding this concept: a. Students know the sun is the major source of energy for phenomena on Earth s surface; it powers winds, ocean currents, and the water cycle. ST: pp. 179, , 227 TE: pp. 74, 129: #39 CD-ROM: Chapter 9: Wor kbook Activity 39 b. Students know solar energy reaches Earth through radiation, mostly in the form of visible light. ST: pp. 176, 178 4
5 4. (Cont.) Many phenomena on Earth s surface are affected by the transfer of energy through radiation and convection currents. As a basis for understanding this concept: c. Students know heat from Earth s interior reaches the surface primarily through convection. ST: p. 265 TE: p. 100 d. Students know convection currents distribute heat in the atmosphere and oceans. ST: pp. 179, , 265 TE: pp. 74, 100, 119: #26 CD-ROM: Chapter 13: Resour ce File 26 e. Students know differences in pressure, heat, air movement, and humidity result in changes of weather. ST: pp , , , , 210 TE: pp. 77, 78, 79, 81, 82, 130: #41-43, 147: #34 CD-ROM: Ch 10: Workbook Activities 41-43, Lab Manual 34, Mastery Tests ECOLOGY (LIFE SCIENCE) 5. Organisms in ecosystems exchange energy and nutrients among themselves and with the environment. As a basis for understanding this concept: a. Students know energy entering ecosystems as sunlight is transferred by producers into chemical energy through photosynthesis and then from organisms to organism through food webs. ST: p. 175 TE: p. 68 5
6 RESOURCES 6. Sources of energy and materials differ in amounts, distribution, usefulness, and the time required for their formation. As a basis for understanding this concept: a. Students know the utility of energy sources is determined by factors that are involved in converting these sources to useful forms and the consequences of the conversion process. ST: p. 162 TE: p. 62 c. Students know the natural origin of the materials used to make common objects. ST: pp , 158, 165 TE: pp. 57 INVESTIGATION AND EXPERIMENTATION 7. Scientific progress is made by asking meaningful questions and conducting careful investigations. As a basis for understanding this concept and addressing the content in the other three strands, students should develop their own questions and perform investigations. Students will: (AGS Note: AGS Earth Science includes 28 formal investigation activities in the Student Text, as well as additional material in the Teacher s Edition. Samples from those Investigations are given for Standards a - e below.) a. Develop a hypothesis. ST: Examples on pp , 230, , TE: Examples on pp. 78, 89, 93, 95 b. Select and use appropriate tools and technology (including calculators, computers, balances, spring scales, microscopes, and binoculars) to perform tests, collect data, and display data. ST: Examples on pp. 76, 119, , 167 TE: Examples on pp. 30, 46, 56, 65, 139: #12, 149: #39 CD-ROM: Chapter 3: Lab Manual 12; Chapter 11: Lab Manual 39 c. Construct appropriate graphs from data and develop quantitative statements about the relationships between variables. ST: Examples on pp , 99, 119, 127, 140, 144 6
7 7. (Cont. ) Scientific progress is made by asking meaningful questions and conducting careful investigations. As a basis for understanding this concept and addressing the content in the other three strands, students should develop their own questions and perform investigations. Students will: d. Communicate the steps and results from an investigation in written reports and oral presentations. ST: Examples on pp. 32, 108, 162 ( Science in Your Life ), and on 88, 164, 249 ( Investigations ) e. Recognize whether evidence is consistent with a proposed explanation. ST: Examples on pp , 230, , TE: Examples on pp. 78, 89, 93, 95 f. Read a topographic map and a geologic map for evidence provided on the maps and construct and interpr et a simple scale map. ST: pp. 8-9, 11-12, 14-15, 16-19, 20 TE: pp. 5, 6, 7, 8, 113: #2, 120: #3-4, 135: #1-2, 136: #2-4 CD-ROM: Chapter 1: Resource File 2, Workbook Activities 3-4, Lab Manual 1-4, Mastery Tests g. Interpret events by sequence and time from natural phenomena (e.g., the relative ages of rocks and intrusions). ST: pp , , , 166, , , , , , TE: pp. 40, 61, 62, 64, 94, 96, 108, 110, 111, 112, 115: #10, 116: #15-16, 118: #24, 119: #25-26, 127: #32, 128: #33, 134: #60, 153: #51 CD-ROM: Chapter 5: Resource File 10, Mastery Tests; Chapter 8: Resource Files 15-16, Workbook Activities 32-33, Mastery Tests; Chapter 12: Resource Files 24, 27-28, Mastery Tests; Chapter 14: Workbook Activity 60, Lab Manual 51, Mastery Tests h. Identify changes in natural phenomena over time without manipulating the phenomena (e.g., a tree limb, a grove of trees, a stream, a hillslope). ST: pp , , , TE: pp. 92, 94, 96, 97, 118: #24 CD-ROM: Chapter 12: Resour ce File 24 7
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