Spring Semester Review Science

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1 Name Period Spring Semester Review Science Units Energy & Physics page Climate & Weather page Dynamic Earth page Energy Law of Conservation of Energy Energy Transformations Energy Types Energy Sources Natural Resources Heat Transfer Climate & Weather Earth s Energy Budget Atmosphere Layers Density Energy Movement Climate Factors Climate Change Weather Mapping Storms Physics Newton s 1st Law Newton s 2nd Law Newton s 3rd Law Forces Speed, Acceleration, Work Formulas Dynamic Earth Earth s Layers Tectonic Plates Plate Interactions Topography Disasters Minerals Rock Cycle Weathering & Erosion Processes Procedure Use your knowledge and skills developed in this class, your notebook, and class website ( to complete this semester review. Perform the tasks each section requires.

2 Energy Explain the Law of Conservation of Energy (pretend you re telling a 6th grader) You cannot create any energy. You cannot destroy energy either. You can only change energy (light heat) (electricity sound) Energy Transformations Grid To Chemical To Electrica l To Heat To Light To Mechanical To Sound To Nuclear From Chemical battery glow stick phone From Electrica l heater lamp Tesla speaker From Heat thermostat fire crackling From Light photosynthesis solar panel From Mechanical generator rubbing hands - friction machine car engine From Sound microphone

3 From Nuclear star nuclear bomb star - fusion Complete the chart of energy sources Energy Source Definition Examples Nonrenewable can not be replaced, can run out fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) nuclear (uranium, thorium, plutonium) Renewable can be replaced biomass trees hydroelectric geothermal Inexhaustible will not run out in human time-scale solar and wind Which energy source should we use to power our homes, schools, and cities? Why? Make sure you justify your stance (back it up with EVIDENCE and logic) Interpolate for 1995: 5,300,00

4 Extrapolate for 2020: 11,500,000 Draw and label the 3 types of Heat Transfer Radiation Conduction Convection Describe how density affects heat movement: cooler things are more dense and sink (cold air or cold water sinks) warmer things are less dense and rise (hot air balloon) Physics Create an experiment to show Newton s 1st Law: Write a scenario to explain Newton s 2nd Law: Give a real-life example of Newton s 3rd Law: How does this image demonstrate Newton s Laws? 1st Law: rocket will not move until an unbalanced force acts upon it 2nd Law: the amount of mass will determine how much force is needed it to

5 accelerate it (heavy rocket needs more force) 3rd Law: as the rocket boosters thrust downward the the ship goes upwawards What is the net force on this box? What is the net force on this box? -3N (will move to the left) 8N (move to the right) How can an object move? only by an unbalanced force Write a word problem for Speed, then solve: Explain the difference between Speed and Velocity: Velocity has a direction Write a problem for Acceleration, then solve: Write a word problem for Force, then solve:

6 Write a problem for Work, then solve: Atmosphere, Climate, and Weather You are an astronaut launching into space. As you travel up through the atmosphere describe each layer you go through Why is the ozone layer so important? very thin layer made of O 3 that protects us from harmful UV radiation Explain Earth s Energy Budget:

7 Factors that Influence Climate - Complete the table Factor What it is Picture or Example latitude altitude topography distance from oceans height above sea-level mountains affect temperature, precipitation, and pressure systems. Rainshadow effect place close to oceans are impacted by the ocean water s characteristics (usually more moderate climate and weather) Andes Mountains San Francisco is close to ocean = moderate weather and constant temp Dallas is far from ocean = wide range of temperatures prevailing winds direction winds blow Trade winds, Easterlies ocean currents rivers of water within the ocean, moves energy Gulf Stream, California Current

8 around Earth and moves warm water from the equator to the poles and cold water from poles to tropical regions Draw the factors that influence climate on this world map: Sketch the Greenhouse Effect, list the Greenhouse Gases, where they come from and their effect on the planet:

9 Explain Climate Change: Describe, or draw a picture of, how energy moves around Earth: energy moves by wind, ocean currents, air masses How does density affect climate & weather (oceans and atmosphere)? Climate long term average of an area vs Weather day to day condition of the

10 atmosphere (daily temp, rain, clouds, etc) How does water and land heat differently? Specific heat index Compare sea-breeze and land-breeze: Describe the relationship between air masses and fronts:

11 Air masses share the characteristics of the land it is above (hot desert will have a dry hot air mass above it. Gulf of Mexico will have a humid and warm air mass above it) Air masses constantly move (energy moving around Earth - caused by pressure differences) Fronts are in front of a moving air mass clear sunny sky High Pressure Low Pressure cloudy, maybe rainy needed for storms

12 Weather Maps Create a Weather Map on the blank map below. Then predict the weather for different cities based on your map. Predict the weather of different cities based on your weather map: What do all storms have in common? Low Pressure! Describe where and how tornadoes can form: Low pressure, thunderstorms, convergence of warm humid air - cooler air - dry air, wind shear, instability Tornado alleys (Great Plains, Texas, South, Midwest)

13 List the ingredients needed for a tropical storm (hurricane) to form: very low pressure warm ocean water Dynamic Earth Draw and label a diagram for the Layer of the Earth: List the Evidence for the Theory of Continental Drift: Jigsaw puzzle like fit of continents Fossils (same species found on different continents) Same mountain ranges found on different continents tropical plant remains found in polar regions moving tectonic plates What was Pangea and how is Earth different today?

14 Describe Tectonic Plates and how they move: broken pieces of Earth s crust moved by convection currents in the mantle and density new crust made at seafloor spreading ridges/rifts old crust recycled in subduction zones are convergent boundaries Plate Boundaries - complete the table Plate Boundary Draw It What is formed Convergent Divergent mountains, trenches, subduction zones, earthquakes, volcanoes, old crust recycled new crust is formed, seafloor spreading,

15 rifts, ridges, earthquakes, underwater earthquakes Transform earthquakes Topographic Maps What is the contour interval? 20 m What is the elevation of point Y? 1240 m What is the difference between point X and point Y? 360 m What is the contour interval? 10 m What is the elevation of point X? 50 m How far will you climb if you travel from point X to the top of the mountain? 253 m Circle the steepest part of the mountain Minerals Characteristics Examples occur naturally Quartz

16 inorganic specific chemical structure, composition, and pattern Graphite Feldspar Moh s Hardness Scale Which minerals can be scratched by a nail, but not by a steel file? Apatite, Orthoclase Compare Topaz and Calcity: Topaz is much harder Intrusive Type of Igneous Rock Characteristics magma cools and hardens inside of Earth cools slowly visible crystals Granite Extrusive lava comes out of the ground and cools on surface Cools fast smooth or holes formed when gases quickly escape Pumice, Obsidian

17 Rock Cycle - complete the rock cycle diagram Describe how any rock can turn into a Sedimentary Rock Any rock can weather (break) into small pieces then erode (move) to new areas. This sediment can then be turned into a sedimentary rock through lithification. List types of weathering Mechanical Chemical Abrasion Root Pry Oxidation Describe how rocks can erode: after being weathered (broken), rock sediment can move by wind, rain, etc. This can cause damage or new landforms

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