Working with Natural Stream Systems
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1 Working with Natural Stream Systems Graydon Dutcher Delaware County Soil & Water Conservation District Stream Corridor Management Program
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7 Tropical Storm Sandy October 29,2012
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9 What is a Watershed? The area of land in which all precipitation (rain, snow, etc.) that falls on it drains to a common waterway, such as a stream, lake, estuary, wetland, aquifer, or even the ocean. 9 Adapted from EPA Website, 2009
10 Why Do Streams Look the Way They Do? Geology Slope Soils Amount of water Timing Duration Magnitude Landuse Vegetation Infrastructure
11 Streams obey certain physical laws Properly size itself to transport water and sediment Maintain its dimension, pattern and profile 11
12 Streams Move More Than Water As water moves over the land it picks up sediment, forming the stream channel Streams create and maintain their shape and size themselves, a result of: Volume of water Amount of sediment Type of sediment
13 Sediment Balance Streams are said to be in equilibrium when the volume of water is enough to transport the available sediment without building up the channel (aggrading) or cutting down the channel (degrading). Adapted from Applied River Morphology, Dave Rosgen,
14 Sediment Balance Based on their ability to transport sediment, streams adjust their: Shape Slope Size Shape Size All contents copyright? Arizona Board of Regents 14
15 Sediment Balance Shear Stress Measure of the force that makes the sediment move The deeper the water the greater the stress The steeper the stream the greater the stress Need to take these factors into account 15
16 How does the sediment stay in balance? Erosion: The wearing away of rocks, sediment and soils by the action of water, wind or a glacier. Degradation Deposition: The accumulation or laying down of matter by a natural process. Aggradation
17 Erosion Streambank
18 Erosion Mass failures
19 Erosion Mass failures
20 Erosion Lateral Migration
21 Erosion Hoof Shear
22 Erosion Bedrock Weathering
23 Deposition Center Bar
24 Deposition Transverse Bar
25 Deposition Side Bar
26 Deposition Mouth of Tributary
27 Deposition Undersized Hydraulic Structure
28 Deposition Point Bar
29 Point Bar Formation
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31 Two Main Stream Types Step - Pool Sequence - streams are usually found in the headwaters or on steep slopes Riffle - Pool Sequence - streams are usually found in the broad valleys and on flat slopes 31
32 Step-Pool Riffle-Pool
33 Stream Type: Step - Pool Adapted from Applied River Morphology, Dave Rosgen, 1996
34 Stream Type: Riffle - Pool Riffles Pools 34
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36 Floodplain Definition The floodplain is the area bordering a stream, constructed by the river and inundated during periods of high flow.
37 Floodplain Function Energy dissipation during flooding events Velocity and energy decreases Lowers flood peaks due to storage and infiltration Water released more slowly downstream Provide a place for debris and sediment to be deposited Natural process of topsoil formation
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41 Floodplain Drainage The floodplains are sloped so that the water drains back into the stream channel as water levels recede. Valley Wall Valley Wall
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43 Floodplain The floodplain is part of the river during storm conditions 43
44 Today s Floodplains are not necessarily Tomorrow s floodplain If large areas of the floodplain are filled, then there will be an increase in the land area needed to store flood waters. This means your home, farm, or business may be impacted.
45 Development on the Floodplain Buildings Bridge approaches Roads Parking lots Etc.
46 Development on the floodplain can lead to significant stream issues including erosion & infrastructure damage 46
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54 When the channel is disconnected from the floodplain Velocity and energy of Stream increases Erosion increases More damage to infrastructure from debris The flood stage is higher 54
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56 Headcut Definition Instability that progress upstream and downstream from a local disturbance. 56
57 Headcut 57
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59 Would you work here? Single channel Meanders Floodplain 59
60 Is this what you would do here? 60
61 The lack of a floodplain will cause the stream to build one to maintain its natural functions. 61
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65 This downstream adjustment created a head-cut upstream 65
66 This slope was actively migrating as the stream continued to lower its bed to adjust its profile. This increased potential risk to those downstream. 6+ feet 66
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70 Channel Straightening
71 Channel Straightening
72 Channel Straightening Shorter distance means a steeper slope 400 Straightened Channel A steeper slope increases velocity A steeper slope increases erosion on the streambank and bed 500 Meandered Channel 72
73 Channel Straightening - Repair
74 Dredging After R. Hey,
75 Berms
76 Berms Failure
77 Berms Failure
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82 DCSWCD Contact Information Delaware County SWCD 44 West Street, Suite 1 Walton, NY (607) (Stream Program) Rick Weidenbach Executive Director Graydon Dutcher Stream Program Coordinator Tom Mallory, PE Stream Program Engineer Gale Neale, Joel Fisk, Stream Program Technicians Jessica Rall, & Jeff Russell Stream Program Technicians Catherine Skalda Catskill Stream Buffer Initiative Coordinator
83 Questions? Graydon Dutcher CPESC Delaware County Soil and Water Conservation District Stream Management Program Coordinator (607)
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