A STUDY OF LOCAL SCOUR AT BRIDGE PIERS OF EL-MINIA
|
|
- Alisha Cobb
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 A STUDY OF LOCAL SCOUR AT BRIDGE PIERS OF EL-MINIA Dr. Gamal A. Sallam 1 and Dr. Medhat Aziz 2 ABSTRACT Bridges are critical structures that require a substantial investment to construct and serve an important role in economic development. For a developing country such as Egypt, there is need to protect these assets by continuous monitoring, maintenance, proposing any required repair works and execute them with a very high quality control. El-Minia Bridge was constructed in It consists of 15 vents each of m wide, except the navigation vent, which is m wide. Recently, there have been some difficulties regarding navigation underneath the bridge. Since some submerged islands are formed near the navigational vent, some deposition near the navigational vent of the bridge has raised the bed level. This has resulted in an insufficient depth of water for navigation through the navigational vent. In addition, river bed has changed around bridge piers. Nile Research Institute (NRI) has conducted the analysis for this problem to avoid any damages that could occur to the bridge. Nile Research Institute research team were sent for collecting the field data for the site of El-Minia Bridge Km upstream of El-Roda site along the Nile River, in which pier size, sediment size and mean approach flow velocities are recorded. A mathematical model was used to study the measured scour hole values and to predict to predict the future maximum expected scour hole. That was conducted to evaluate the causes and consequences of scour holes on the bridge piers of El-Minia. In addition, some methods and tools for minimize the effect of scour holes on the bridge piers were discussed. KEYWORDS: Nile River Bridges, Local scour, Bridge local scour. Researcher, Nile Research Institute, Egypt Assoc. Prof., Nile Research Institute, Egypt
2 1. INTRODUCTION El-Minia bridge constructed in 1987 to join El-Minia City with the west main highway (2) (Egypt - Aswan) and with the main new highway (Cairo/ Bani Suif/ El-Minia) East of the River Nile which was constructed lately through the main Governorate plan to support the network roads and to decrease the traffic density on the Upper Egypt highway. The new El- Minia Bridge will create a new civilization on the East of River Nile, in addition to gain the best use for stone quarries in this area. The total length of El-Minia Bridge is about 1803 m, it consists of 15 vents, width of each is 40 m. While the navigational vents, the biggest is about 62 m and on each side 2 vents with a width of about 50 m and the maximum navigational height is 13 m from the highest water level of River Nile. The total road width on the bridge is 21 m, the bridge foundations are penetrated piles with a length of about 20 m, all these piles are supported on sand or stone soils. Yet every year more additions are made to the list of bridges that have failed because of scour of the stream bed around the piers and abutments. Considering the overall complexity of field conditions, it is not surprising that there is no generally accepted principles for the prediction of scour around bridge piers and abutments have evolved from field experience alone, (Emmett M. Laursen and Arthur Toch, 1956). The alignment, cross section, discharge, and slope of a stream must all be correlated with the scour phenomenon, and this in turn must be correlated with the characteristics of the bed material ranging from clays and fine silts to gravels and boulders. Finally, the effect of the shape of the obstruction itself - the pier or abutment - must be assessed. The equilibrium of any river under natural flows is affected by any interference. Some examples of the interfering structures are bridges, groins and hydraulic structures. Study the effect of any of these structures before and after construction is an important factor to avoid any unexpected results. One of the Nile Research Institute tasks is to monitor, study, and analyze these effects and to propose the suitable measures to be taken to protect these structures and avoid major changes to the river, (Ahmed Fahmy, 2002). During this research local scour caused by bridges is
3 analyzed, a case study, El-Minia Bridge, is considered for this analysis. Figure (1) shows El-Minia Bridge along the River Nile. Figure (1) El-Minia bridge location along the River Nile 2. SCOUR PHENOMENON Scour is the removal of bed and bank material as a result of the erosive action of flowing water. The three components of total scour are general scour, contraction scour, and local scour. The contraction scour is the scour that results from the acceleration of the flow due to a contraction, such as a bridge. This type of scour also occurs in areas where revetments are placed such that they reduce the overall width of the stream segment. Contraction scour is generally limited to the length of the contraction, and perhaps a short distance up and downstream, whereas general scour tends to occur over longer reaches. The local scour is the scour that occurs at a pier, abutment, erosion control device, or other structure obstructing the flow. These obstructions cause flow acceleration and create vortexes that remove the surrounding sediments. Generally, depths of local scour are much larger than general or contraction scour depths, often by a factor of ten. Local scour can affect the
4 stability of structures such as riprap revetments and lead to failures if measures are not taken to address the scour. Factors that affect local scour include: 1. width of the obstruction 2. length of the obstruction 3. depth of flow 4. velocity of the approach flow 5. size of the bed material 6. angle of the approach flow (angle of attack) 7. shape of the obstruction 8. bed configuration 9. debris 3. FIELD INVESTIGATIONS A field trip has been carried out to El-Minia Bridge; the bridge is located in El-Minia Governorate, kilometer along the River Nile south of Cairo. This field trip was conducted to observe, measure, and monitor the different factors affecting bridge local scour. This field trip has included the water levels at the site, bridge pier dimensions and geometry. Figure (2) shows one of the El-Minia Bridge piers as an example. A hydrographic survey of the bed nearby and around bridge piers was performed along the riverbed covering 1.00 Km (about 500 meter upstream and 500 meter downstream the bridge), and 21 surveyed cross sections. Velocity measurements were taken at five locations, two cross-sections upstream the bridge, two cross-sections downstream bridge and at the centerline of bridge. Samples of bed material were taken at the same crosssections. Table (1) shows surface bed grain size analysis at the bridge site. It is noted from the grain size distribution that most of the bed samples are medium sand with D50 ranging from 0.25 to 0.50 mm (medium sand is ranging from 0.2 to 0.60 mm). Downstream cross sections have some coarse sand ratio. It has to be noticed also that this is typical configuration for the Nile River bed, and the existence of fine sand indicates the possibility of further scour. Figure (3) shows the cross section changes at the bridge for years 1982 and It is observed the major cross section changes due to bridge existence. It can be noticed that a maximum local scour depth of about 4.60 m has occurred during the period 1982 to 2001.
5 Figure (2) One of the El-Minia bridge piers Table (1) Surface bed grain size analysis at the bridge site X-S UPSTREAM THE BRIDGE CENTER LINE OF BRIDGE DOWNSTREAM THE BRIDGE KM. from Aswan High Dam Point 1 East LOCATION D 50 (mm) D mean (mm) SOIL TYPE Medium sand Point Medium sand Point Medium sand Point Medium sand Point Medium sand West Point Medium sand Point Medium sand Point Medium to East coarse sand Point Medium sand Point Medium to fine sand Point Medium to coarse sand Point Medium to fine sand
6 A study of local scour at bridge piers of El-Minia bridge Bed level (m) Distance (m) Figure (3) Cross section changes at the bridge (1982 and 2002) 4. COMPUTING SCOUR Because of complexity of evaluating flow pattern around piers and shear forces generated by flow pattern, most of the estimates of scour depth have been obtained by experimental work. An example of these estimates is the Colorado State University (CSU) equation for predicting maximum pier scour depths, the equation is (ASCE, 1975): Y s /Y 1 = 2.0 K 1 K 2 K 3 K 4 (A/Y 1 ) 0.65 Fr for round nose piers aligned with the flow. where: Y s = Scour depth, m Y 1 = Flow depth directly upstream of the pier, m K 1, K 2, K 3, and K 4 = Correction factors for pier nose, angle of attack, bed condition, and armoring by bed material size respectively. A = Pier width, m
7 L = Length of pier, m Fr 1 = Froude Number directly upstream of the pier. Y s 2.4 times the pier width (A) for Fr 0.8 Y s 3.0 times the pier width (A) for Fr > COMPUTER MODEL A Computer Model: The computer model HEC-RAS Model was used during this analysis to evaluate local scour around El-Minia Bridge piers. This model is developed by the US Army Corps of Engineers (US Army Corps of Engineers, 2001). It is a one-dimensional model able to simulate steady, unsteady and sediment transport for movable boundary conditions. It has a special module to compute bridge piers and abutment local scour. To be able to simulate the actual flow conditions, the whole reach (Reach 4 - from downstream Assiut Barrage to upstream Delta Barrage) has to be modeled and analyzed. Reach 4: It extends downstream Assiut Barrage to upstream Delta Barrage with a total length of about km. It is the longest reach all over the Nile River reaches. The surveyed cross sections for this reach in both years 1982, 1997 and 2002 were used for this analysis. Figure (4) shows the location of Reach 4 along the River Nile, and Table (2) shows the cross section locations along the reach used during this study.
8 Reach 4 Figure (4) Location of reach 4 along the River Nile Model Calibration Process: The actual water level readings for gauging stations along the fourth reach were used for the calibration analysis. Two actual flow conditions were considered for the calibration analysis; 170 and 350 million cubic meters per day. Figure (6) shows the calibration process for the flow of 170 m.m 3 /day and Figure (7) shows the calibration process for the flow of 350 m.m 3 /day. From these two figures, we can conclude that there is a close agreement between measured and predicted water levels. This indicates that the selected roughness values are suitable for the simulation process.
9 Table (2) Cross Section Locations Number Cross Section Km from Aswan Number Cross Section Km from Aswan INPUT DATA The data that are provided to the program is as follows: 1. Bed material grain size distribution, Table (1). 2. Reach 4 cross sections 5 Km a part, Table (2). 3. Water level for reach 4 gauging stations. 4. Bridge geometry pier dimensions, Figure (2) shows one of these piers, where the pier width is 1.50 meter, and the pier length is meter. 7. LOCAL SCOUR SIMULATION Figure (5) shows the model output for the simulated flow conditions. The simulated flow, considered during this analysis, is 180 m.m 3 /day. This flow is considered to simulate flow conditions causing local scour around the bridge piers. This flow is almost the largest flow discharge passed along this reach during the past period ( ) and it is close to the
10 calibration discharges. The computed water levels along the reach are shown in this figure. 60 reach 4 brdg Plan: Plan 06 4 Legend Elevation (ft) EG PF 2 WS PF 2 Crit PF 2 Ground Main Channel Distance (ft) Figure (5) The model output for the computed water level
11 Model Calibration (170 m.m3/day Level (m) Km (from Aswan) Predicted Measured Figure (6) The calibration results for 170 m.m 3 /day Model Calibration (350 m.m3/day) Level (m) Km (from Aswan) Predicted Measured Figure (7) The calibration results for 350 m.m 3 /day
12 9. MODEL RESULTS The model results represent the local scour occurred due to passing a discharge of 180 m.m 3 /day along El-Minia Bridge. Bed material gradations were included for this analysis to compute the local scour. The CSU equation is used by the model for local scour computations. The K terms are taken as follows: K 1 correction factor for pier nose is taken as 1.00 K 2 angle of attack of flow 90.0 K 3 correction factor for bed conditions 1.1 (clear water scour) K 4 armoring effect coefficient 0.7 The computed scour represents both the contraction and the piers scour occurred for this flow condition. The abutment local scour is not applicable for this case because there were no interfering abutments to the flow. Table (3) shows the results of the local scour for the bridge piers. A maximum value of 4.9 meters was computed for pier scour. It has to be mentioned that the value obtained from comparing the cross section ( ) is about 4.60 m of local scour and degradation for the bridge cross section. Figure (3), shows cross section change at the bridge ( ). Also, Table (3) shows the computed local scour for 180 m.m 3 /day and a maximum flow of 350 m.m 3 /day. The differences between the measured and the computed local scour depths could be attributed to the variation of bed grain size distribution and model simplification but the model gives a good indication for the local scour values. However, the maximum computed expected local scour is 5.60 m, which should be taken into consideration during future programs. Table (3) Computed local scour for a flow of 180 m.m 3 /day and 350 m.m 3 /day Piers Local scour of 180 m. m 3 / day Local scour of 350 m. m 3 / day All 4.9 meter 5.6 meter
13 10. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS - Local scour monitoring is very important to avoid major damages that may occur. - The monitoring of El-Minia bridge local scour shows a local scour depth of about 4.60 m since its construction up till now. - The mathematical simulation of the bridge local scour shows a local scour of a depth 4.90 m. that means the difference between the measured scour and calculated scour about 6.5 %. - The HEC-RAS model is a good tool for predicting local scour for bridge piers. Hence, it could be used to determine the type of bridge pier foundations before constructing. - The expected local scour of passing a discharge of 350 m.m 3 /day is about 5.60 m. - Since the local scour was found 4.60 m during the last 10 years and the bridge pier foundations can tolerate this scour. It is recommended to continue local scour monitoring every 5 years minimum. REFERENCES Ahmed Fahmy, A study of local scour around El-Minia Bridge, Report No 341, Nile Research Institute, National Water Research Center, Egypt (2002). ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice, Sedimentation Engineering, ASCE, No.54, Bruce W. Melville, Live-Bed Sour at Bridge Piers, J., Hyd. Div., ASCE, Vol. 110, No. 9, (1984). Emmett M. Laursen and Arthur Toch, Scour around Bridge Piers and Abutments, Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research, State University of Iowa, (1956).
14 US Army Corps of Engineers, HEC-RAS River Analysis System Computer Model, The Hydrologic Center, Davis, California, 2001.
MODELING OF LOCAL SCOUR AROUND AL-KUFA BRIDGE PIERS Saleh I. Khassaf, Saja Sadeq Shakir
ISSN 2320-9100 11 International Journal of Advance Research, IJOAR.org Volume 1, Issue 8,August 2013, Online: ISSN 2320-9100 MODELING OF LOCAL SCOUR AROUND AL-KUFA BRIDGE PIERS Saleh I. Khassaf, Saja Sadeq
More informationEvaluation of Scour Depth around Bridge Piers with Various Geometrical Shapes
Evaluation of Scour Depth around Bridge Piers with Various Geometrical Shapes Dr. P. D. Dahe * Department of Civil Engineering, SGGSIE&T, Vishnupuri, Nanded (Maharashtra) S. B. Kharode Department of Civil
More informationCountermeasure Calculations and Design
Countermeasure Calculations and Design Summarized from Bridge Scour and Stream Instability Countermeasures, Experience, Selection, and Design Guidance, Second Edition, Publication No. FHWA NHI 01-003,
More informationMorphological Changes of Reach Two of the Nile River
ICHE 2014, Hamburg - Lehfeldt & Kopmann (eds) - 2014 Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau ISBN 978-3-939230-32-8 Morphological Changes of Reach Two of the Nile River E. Said Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency,
More informationSecond National Symposium on GIS in Saudi Arabia Al Khober, April 23-25, 2007
Second National Symposium on GIS in Saudi Arabia Al Khober, April 23-25, 2007 Sherine S. Ismail Nile Research Institute, National Water Research Center, Egypt E-mail: sherine_shawky@yahoo.com Hoda F. Mohamed
More informationBirecik Dam & HEPP Downstream River Arrangement R. Naderer, G. Scharler Verbundplan GmbH, 5021 Salzburg, Austria
Birecik Dam & HEPP Downstream River Arrangement R. Naderer, G. Scharler Verbundplan GmbH, 5021 Salzburg, Austria e-mail: scharlerg@verbund.co.at Abstract Birecik Dam & HEPP on the Euphrates river in Turkey
More informationTechnical Memorandum No
Pajaro River Watershed Study in association with Technical Memorandum No. 1.2.10 Task: Evaluation of Four Watershed Conditions - Sediment To: PRWFPA Staff Working Group Prepared by: Gregory Morris and
More informationBeaver Creek Corridor Design and Analysis. By: Alex Previte
Beaver Creek Corridor Design and Analysis By: Alex Previte Overview Introduction Key concepts Model Development Design Accuracy Conclusion Refresh v = Beaver Creek Site = Wittenberg Introduction Low head
More informationEstimating Scour. CIVE 510 October 21 st, 2008
Estimating Scour CIVE 510 October 21 st, 2008 1 Causes of Scour 2 Site Stability 3 Mass Failure Downward movement of large and intact masses of soil and rock Occurs when weight on slope exceeds the shear
More informationCONCEPTS Conservational Channel Evolution and Pollutant Transport System
CONCEPTS Conservational Channel Evolution and Pollutant Transport System Eddy J. Langendoen Watershed Physical Processes Research Unit National Sedimentation Laboratory USDA Agricultural Research Service
More informationDetermining the Suitable Sediment extraction Locations of Existing Sand and Gravel Mines on Boshar River in Iran using HEC-RAS Modeling
ICSE6-134 Determining the Suitable Sediment extraction Locations of Existing Sand and Gravel Mines on Boshar River in Iran using HEC-RAS Modeling Mohammad GHARESIFARD 1, Ali JAHEDAN 2, Bahar MOLAZEM 3
More informationNumerical modeling of sediment flushing from Lewis and Clark Lake
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln US Army Research U.S. Department of Defense 2013 Numerical modeling of sediment flushing from Lewis and Clark Lake Jungkyu
More informationBACKWATERRISE DUE TO FLOW CONSTRICTION BY BRIDGE PIERS
Thirteenth International Water Technology Conference, IWTC 1 009, Hurghada, Egypt BACKWATERRISE DUE TO FLOW CONSTRICTION BY BRIDGE PIERS Kassem Salah El-Alfy Prof. Dr., Irrigation &Hydraulics Dept., Faculty
More informationTechnical Memorandum No Sediment Model
Pajaro River Watershed Study in association with Technical Memorandum No. 1.2.9 Sediment Model Task: Development of Sediment Model To: PRWFPA Staff Working Group Prepared by: Gregory Morris and Elsie Parrilla
More informationRiver Meandering and Braiding. Pierre Y. Julien. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado
River Meandering and Braiding Pierre Y. Julien Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado River Mechanics and Sediment Transport Lima Peru January
More informationUpper Mississippi River Basin Environmental Management Program Workshop
Presentation to the Upper Mississippi River Basin Environmental Management Program Workshop by Michael Rodgers River Engineer US Army Corps of Engineers, St. Louis District August 17, 2007 Engineering
More informationBank stabilization by redirective structures on the Santa Clara River, Ventura County, CA
116 Alex Yescas Senior Water Resources Engineer Atkins North America Bank stabilization by redirective structures on the Santa Clara River, Ventura County, CA Abstract The Santa Clara River is one of the
More informationEXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF BACKWATER RISE DUE TO BRIDGE PIERS AS FLOW OBSTRUCTIONS
Tenth International Water Technology Conference, IWTC1 6, Alexandria, Egypt 19 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF BACKWATER RISE DUE TO BRIDGE PIERS AS FLOW OBSTRUCTIONS Kassem Salah El-Alfy Associate Prof., Irrigation
More informationCOMPARISON OF LABORATORY AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS OF BRIDGE PIER SCOUR
COMPARISON OF LABORATORY AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS OF BRIDGE PIER SCOUR LEE, SEUNGOH, STURM, T. W., School of Civil and Environ. Engrg., Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA 30332-0512 USA GOTVALD,
More informationPirai river (Bolivia)
Pirai river (Bolivia) Confluent of the Amazon river which average discharge is only 6 m3/s, but with peak discharge over 5000 m3/s, a challenge for river basin management and for flood control HYDROEUROPE
More informationSummary of Hydraulic and Sediment-transport. Analysis of Residual Sediment: Alternatives for the San Clemente Dam Removal/Retrofit Project,
Appendix N SUMMARY OF HYDRAULIC AND SEDIMENT-TRANSPORT ANALYSIS OF RESIDUAL SEDIMENT: ALTERNATIVES FOR THE SAN CLEMENTE DAM REMOVAL/RETROFIT PROJECT, CALIFORNIA the San Clemente Dam Removal/Retrofit Project,
More informationDo you think sediment transport is a concern?
STREAM RESTORATION FRAMEWORK AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT BASICS Pete Klingeman 1 What is Your Restoration Project Like? k? Do you think sediment transport is a concern? East Fork Lewis River, WA Tidal creek,
More informationHYDROLOGY AND HYDRAULICS MUSKEG RIVER BRIDGE
PUBLIC WORKS CANADA HYDROLOGY AND HYDRAULICS MUSKEG RIVER BRIDGE KILOMETRE 207.9, LIARD HIGKWAY December 1978 I I f I I I I # Bolter Parish Trimble Ltd. ONLIULTINO Public Works, Canada, 9925-109 Street,
More informationProject (Project No. US-CA-62-2) Maintenance Inspection and Reports (Subtask 14.1) Inspection Report No.2
MEMORANDUM TO: FROM: Jim Well, Ducks Unlimited Mike Harvey, PhD, PG SUBJECT: M&T/ Llano Seco Fish Screen Project (Project No. US-CA-62-2) Maintenance Inspection and Reports (Subtask 14.1) Inspection Report
More informationSCOUR AND EROSION ALONGSIDE BANK PROTECTION WORK: CASE STUDIES FROM BANGLADESH
SCOUR AND EROSION ALONGSIDE BANK PROTECTION WORK: CASE STUDIES FROM BANGLADESH KNUT OBERHAGEMANN Northwest Hydraulic Consultants Lt. 4823 99 th Street Edmonton, Alberta T6E 4Y1, Canada ABDUN NOOR Bangladesh
More informationLaboratory Investigation of Submerged Vane Shapes Effect on River Banks Protection
Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(12): 1402-1407, 2011 ISSN 1991-8178 Laboratory Investigation of Submerged Vane Shapes Effect on River Banks Protection Touraj Samimi Behbahan Department
More informationAPPENDIX B Hydraulic Considerations for Pipeline Crossings of Stream Channels
APPENDIX B Hydraulic Considerations for Pipeline Crossings of Stream Channels B-1 B-2 APPENDIX B HYDRAULIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR PIPELINE CROSSINGS OF STREAM CHANNELS Pipeline crossings of perennial, intermittent,
More informationMATHEMATICAL MODELING OF FLUVIAL SEDIMENT DELIVERY, NEKA RIVER, IRAN. S.E. Kermani H. Golmaee M.Z. Ahmadi
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYDROLOGY The Electronic Journal of the International Association for Environmental Hydrology On the World Wide Web at http://www.hydroweb.com VOLUME 16 2008 MATHEMATICAL MODELING
More informationA NEW ANALYTICAL BRIDGE PIER SCOUR EQUATION
Eighth International Water Technology Conference, IWTC8 2004, Alexandria, Egypt 587 A NEW ANALYTICAL BRIDGE PIER SCOUR EQUATION Youssef I. Hafez Associate Professor Hydraulics Research Institute, El Kanater,
More informationB-1. Attachment B-1. Evaluation of AdH Model Simplifications in Conowingo Reservoir Sediment Transport Modeling
Attachment B-1 Evaluation of AdH Model Simplifications in Conowingo Reservoir Sediment Transport Modeling 1 October 2012 Lower Susquehanna River Watershed Assessment Evaluation of AdH Model Simplifications
More informationHEC-RAS Reservoir Transport Simulation of Three Reservoirs in the Lower Susquehanna River Basin. Mike Langland and Ed Koerkle
HEC-RAS Reservoir Transport Simulation of Three Reservoirs in the Lower Susquehanna River Basin Mike Langland and Ed Koerkle Topics Background / Project Objectives Data Selection - Sediment and Geometric
More informationJune 9, R. D. Cook, P.Eng. Soils Engineer Special Services Western Region PUBLIC WORKS CANADA WESTERN REGION REPORT ON
PUBLIC WORKS CANADA WESTERN REGION REPORT ON GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION PROPOSED MARTIN RIVER BRIDGE MILE 306.7 MACKENZIE HIGHWAY Submitted by : R. D. Cook, P.Eng. Soils Engineer Special Services Western
More informationRequest for bridge scour analysis for complex pier foundations
Technical Memorandum To: Theresa Maahs-Henderson, Stantec Dale Grove, Stantec Keith Farquhar, HNTB Corporation From: Hugh Zeng, P.E. & Mark Abrahams, HZ United, LLC Date: 03/22/2016 RE: Request for bridge
More informationSedimentation in the Nile River
Advanced Training Workshop on Reservoir Sedimentation Sedimentation in the Nile River Prof. Dr. Abdalla Abdelsalam Ahmed 10-16 Oct. 2007, IRTCES, Beijing, China CWR,Sudan 1 Water is essential for mankind
More informationNUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE BED MORPHOLOGY IN THE REACH BETWEEN CABRUTA AND CAICARA IN ORINOCO RIVER.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE BED MORPHOLOGY IN THE REACH BETWEEN CABRUTA AND CAICARA IN ORINOCO RIVER. Raul A CABRITA F MEE13634 Supervisor: Shinji EGASHIRA ABSTRACT The present study aims to evaluate numerically
More informationOpen Channel Flow Part 2. Ch 10 Young, notes, handouts
Open Channel Flow Part 2 Ch 10 Young, notes, handouts Uniform Channel Flow Many situations have a good approximation d(v,y,q)/dx=0 Uniform flow Look at extended Bernoulli equation Friction slope exactly
More informationU.S. Army Corps of Engineers Detroit District. Sediment Trap Assessment Saginaw River, Michigan
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Detroit District December 2001 December 2001 This report has been prepared for USACE, Detroit District by: W.F. BAIRD & ASSOCIATES LTD. 2981 YARMOUTH GREENWAY MADISON, WISCONSIN
More informationInternational Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 3, March ISSN
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 3, March-2015 1338 Modeling of Sediment Transport Upstream of Al- Shamia Barrage Prof. Dr. Saleh I. Khassaf, Mohammed jaber Abbas
More informationVegetation effects on river hydraulics. Johannes J. (Joe) DeVries David Ford Consulting Engineers, Inc. Sacramento, CA
Vegetation effects on river hydraulics Johannes J. (Joe) DeVries David Ford Consulting Engineers, Inc. Sacramento, CA jjdevries@ford-consulting.com SAC05 D2P31 RM 99.0L VIEW UPSTREAM AT UPSTREAM END DWR
More informationHydraulics of bendway weirs
River Basin Management IV 389 Hydraulics of bendway weirs C. Thornton 1, S. Abt 1, D. Baird 2 & R. Padilla 3 1 Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA 2 U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, CO,
More informationErosion Rate is a Function of Erodibility and Excess Shear Stress = k ( o - c ) From Relation between Shear Stress and Erosion We Calculate c and
Equilibrium, Shear Stress, Stream Power and Trends of Vertical Adjustment Andrew Simon USDA-ARS, Oxford, MS asimon@msa-oxford.ars.usda.gov Non-Cohesive versus Cohesive Materials Non-cohesive: sands and
More informationSaudi Journal of Civil Engineering
Saudi Journal of Civil Engineering A Publication by Scholars Middle East Publishers, Dubai, United Arab Emirates ISSN 2523-2657 (Print) ISSN 2523-2231 (Online) Influence of Gravel Beds on Erosion of Sand
More informationUPPER COSUMNES RIVER FLOOD MAPPING
UPPER COSUMNES RIVER FLOOD MAPPING DRAFT BASIC DATA NARRATIVE FLOOD INSURANCE STUDY SACRAMENTO COUTY, CALIFORNIA Community No. 060262 November 2008 Prepared By: CIVIL ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS, INC. 1325 Howe
More informationTHE HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE OF ORIENTED SPUR DIKE IMPLEMENTATION IN OPEN CHANNEL
Tenth International Water Technology Conference, IWTC10 2006, Alexandria, Egypt 281 THE HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE OF ORIENTED SPUR DIKE IMPLEMENTATION IN OPEN CHANNEL Karima Attia 1 and Gamal El Saied 2 1
More informationPENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING DISTRICT 3-0
PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING DISTRICT 3-0 LYCOMING COUNTY S.R.15, SECTION C41 FINAL HYDROLOGIC AND HYDRAULIC REPORT STEAM VALLEY RUN STREAM RELOCATION DATE: June, 2006 REVISED:
More informationStream Restoration and Environmental River Mechanics. Objectives. Pierre Y. Julien. 1. Peligre Dam in Haiti (deforestation)
Stream Restoration and Environmental River Mechanics Pierre Y. Julien Malaysia 2004 Objectives Brief overview of environmental river mechanics and stream restoration: 1. Typical problems in environmental
More informationRiver Restoration and Rehabilitation. Pierre Y. Julien
River Restoration and Rehabilitation Pierre Y. Julien Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado River Mechanics and Sediment Transport Lima Peru
More informationNUMERICAL MODEL FOR MOVABLE BED AS A TOOL FOR THE SIMULATION OF THE RIVER EROSION A CASE STUDY
NUMERICAL MODEL FOR MOVABLE BED AS A TOOL FOR THE SIMULATION OF THE RIVER EROSION A CASE STUDY Solichin 1 Abstract: A serious erosion problem takes place in Cipamingkis River in west Java, Indonesia. As
More informationTwo-Dimensional Simulation of Truckee River Hydrodynamics
Two-Dimensional Simulation of Truckee River Hydrodynamics by Stephen H. Scott PURPOSE: The purpose of this Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) is to demonstrate the use of multidimensional
More informationReliability Analysis of Pier Scour at Gravel-Bed Rivers Using FORM
Reliability Analysis of Pier Scour at Gravel-Bed Rivers Using FORM Adeel Ahmad 1, Mohd.Muzzammil 2, Javed Alam 3 1 M.Tech Department of Civil Engineering AMU Aligarh. 2 Professor Department of Civil Engineering
More informationFUTURE MEANDER BEND MIGRATION AND FLOODPLAIN DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS NEAR RIVER MILES 241 TO 235, SACRAMENTO RIVER
FUTURE MEANDER BEND MIGRATION AND FLOODPLAIN DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS NEAR RIVER MILES 241 TO 235, SACRAMENTO RIVER Eric W. Larsen University of California, Davis With the assistance of Evan Girvetz REPORT
More informationEXAMPLES (SEDIMENT TRANSPORT) AUTUMN 2018
EXAMPLES (SEDIMENT TRANSPORT) AUTUMN 2018 Q1. Using Cheng s formula estimate the settling velocity of a sand particle of diameter 1 mm in: (a) air; (b) water. Q2. Find the critical Shields parameter diameter
More informationTarbela Dam in Pakistan. Case study of reservoir sedimentation
Tarbela Dam in Pakistan. HR Wallingford, Wallingford, UK Published in the proceedings of River Flow 2012, 5-7 September 2012 Abstract Reservoir sedimentation is a main concern in the Tarbela reservoir
More informationEFFECT OF SAND MINING ACTIVITY ON THE SEDIMENT CONTROL SYSTEM (A CASE STUDY OF SOMBE-LEWARA RIVER, DONGGALA, INDONESIA)
Civil Engineering Forum Volume XXI/1 - January 01 EFFECT OF SAND MINING ACTIVITY ON THE SEDIMENT CONTROL SYSTEM (A CASE STUDY OF SOMBE-LEWARA RIVER, DONGGALA, INDONESIA) Y. A. Bawias Agency of Public Works,
More informationExperimental study of scour depth in attracting Groins series
Experimental study of scour depth in attracting Groins series S. Amini 1, M.R. Kavianpour 2, M.R.M. tabatabai 3, S. Amini 4, K. Amini 5 1-MSc, Water Engineering, Shahid Beheshty University 2-Associate
More informationCalibration of Manning s Friction Factor for Rivers in Iraq Using Hydraulic Model (Al-Kufa River as Case study)
Calibration of Manning s Friction Factor for Rivers in Iraq Using Hydraulic Model (Al-Kufa River as Case study) Luay Kadhim Hameed, Civil Engineering Dept./ University of Kufa Hayder Sami Mohammed, Structure
More informationCE415L Applied Fluid Mechanics Laboratory
Applied Fluid Mechanics Laboratory Learning Objective Following completion of this experiment and the analysis of the data, you should be able to 1. generalize results of introducing changes to a natural
More informationSTABILIZATION OF THE H&CT RAILWAY STONE DAM WALTER E. SKIPWITH, PE, JOYCE CRUM, AIA AND JOHN BAUMGARTNER, PE. Introduction.
STABILIZATION OF THE H&CT RAILWAY STONE DAM WALTER E. SKIPWITH, PE, JOYCE CRUM, AIA AND JOHN BAUMGARTNER, PE I. A. Introduction General The Old Stone Dam is located in the upper reach of Cottonwood Creek
More informationModule 2. The Science of Surface and Ground Water. Version 2 CE IIT, Kharagpur
Module The Science of Surface and Ground Water Lesson Sediment Dynamics in Alluvial Rivers and Channels Instructional Objectives On completion of this lesson, the student shall be able to learn the following:.
More informationEFFECT OF STREAM-WISE SPACING OF BRIDGE PIERS ON SCOUR DEPTH
EFFECT OF STREAM-WISE SPACING OF BRIDGE PIERS ON SCOUR DEPTH ASHISH KUMAR Ph. D. Student UMESH C. KOTHYARI Professor Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, (formerly: University
More informationSediment Transport Mechanism and Grain Size Distributions in Stony Bed Rivers. S.FUKUOKA 1 and K.OSADA 2
Sediment Transport Mechanism and Grain Size Distributions in Stony Bed Rivers S.FUKUOKA 1 and K.OSADA 1 Professor, Research and Development Initiative, Chuo-University, 1-13-7 Kasuga Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo,
More informationCR AAO Bridge. Dead River Flood & Natural Channel Design. Mitch Koetje Water Resources Division UP District
CR AAO Bridge Dead River Flood & Natural Channel Design Mitch Koetje Water Resources Division UP District Old County Road AAO Bridge Map courtesy of Marquette County Silver Lake Basin McClure Basin
More informationCoastal and Hydraulics Laboratory
SAM Hydraulic Design Package for Channels Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory William A. Thomas, Ronald R. Copeland, and Dinah N. McComas September 2002 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
More informationMaterials. Use materials meeting the following.
208.01 Section 208. SOIL EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL 208.01 Description. Install and maintain erosion and sedimentation controls to minimize soil erosion and to control sedimentation from affecting
More informationLimitation to qualitative stability indicators. the real world is a continuum, not a dichotomy ~ 100 % 30 % ~ 100 % ~ 40 %
Stream Stability Assessment & BEHI Surveys Joe Rathbun MDEQ Water Resources Division rathbunj@michigan.gov 517--373 517 373--8868 Stability Stream can transport its water and sediment inputs without changing
More information* Chapter 10 Nonequilibrium Sediment Transport
Chapter 10 Nonequilibrium Sediment Transport Section I Introduction 10-1. General Nonequilibrium sediment transport refers to cases where the outflowing sediment discharge from a reach does not equal the
More informationJEMEZ RIVER CASE STUDY: UTILIZING A FROUDE NUMBER SIMILITUDE PHYSICAL
University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository Civil Engineering ETDs Engineering ETDs 2-14-2014 JEMEZ RIVER CASE STUDY: UTILIZING A FROUDE NUMBER SIMILITUDE PHYSICAL MODEL, 1-D MOBILE BED NUMERICAL MODEL,
More informationStream Simulation: A Simple Example
Stream Simulation: A Simple Example North Thompson Creek, CO Paul T. Anderson U.S.D.A. Forest Service Here s How We Started May 2011 2-1 USDA-Forest Service Here s How We Finished Forest Service Aquatic
More informationFactors affecting confluence scour
& Wang (eds) River Sedimentation 1999., Balkema, Rotterdam. ISBN 9 9 3. 17 19 Factors affecting confluence scour R. B. Rezaur & A. W. Jayawardena. Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong
More informationFish Passage at Road Crossings
Fish Passage at Road Crossings 1 Crossing Design Workshop Outline 1:00 to 2:00 Intro, Design Overview, Channel Width 2:00 to 2:15 Break 2:15 to 3:15 No-Slope, Stream Simulation Design 3:15 to 3:30 Break
More informationThe last three sections of the main body of this report consist of:
Threatened and Endangered Species Geological Hazards Floodplains Cultural Resources Hazardous Materials A Cost Analysis section that provides comparative conceptual-level costs follows the Environmental
More informationAPPLICATION OF HEC-RAS MODEL FOR ESTIMATING CHANGES IN WATERCOURSE GEOMETRY DURING FLOODS
Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica, Vol. XXXIV, No. 2, 2012 DOI: 105277/sgm021206 APPLICATION OF HEC-RAS MODEL FOR ESTIMATING CHANGES IN WATERCOURSE GEOMETRY DURING FLOODS JOANNA MARKOWSKA Department of Environmental
More informationField Observations and One-Dimensional Flow Modeling of Summit Creek in Mack Park, Smithfield, Utah
Intermountain Center for River Rehabilitation and Restoration, Utah State University 31 July 2018 Field Observations and One-Dimensional Flow Modeling of Summit Creek in Mack Park, Smithfield, Utah I.
More informationSubcommittee on Sedimentation Draft Sediment Analysis Guidelines for Dam Removal
Subcommittee on Sedimentation Draft Sediment Analysis Guidelines for Dam Removal August 4, 2011 Jennifer Bountry, M.S., P.E. Tim Randle, M.S., P.E., D.WRE. Blair Greimann, Ph.D., P.E. Sedimentation and
More informationSessom Creek Sand Bar Removal HCP Task 5.4.6
Sessom Creek Sand Bar Removal HCP Task 5.4.6 Prepared by: Dr. Thomas Hardy Texas State University Dr. Nolan Raphelt Texas Water Development Board January 6, 2013 DRAFT 1 Introduction The confluence of
More information~ W 89 CONTENTS J-1 J-1 J-6 J-7 J-9 J-10 J-10 J-10
15 W 89 J-1. J-2. J-3. J-4. J-5. J-6 J-7. J-8. CONTENTS Introduction... Stable Slope Method... Example 1... Armor Bed Method... Example 2...*.... Dominant Discharge... Bed Material Gradation... Numerical
More informationGLG598 Surface Processes and Landform Evolution K. Whipple Fall 2012 VERDE RIVER: FLOW MECHANICS, ROUGHNESS, AND SHEAR STRESS
VERDE RIVER: FLOW MECHANICS, ROUGHNESS, AND SHEAR STRESS This lab will introduce you to some common field techniques and some general understanding of the geomorphic processes operating in a stream. The
More informationQuasi-three dimensional computations for flows and bed variations in curved channel with gently sloped outer bank
River Sedimentation Wieprecht et al. (Eds) 2017 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-1-138-02945-3 Quasi-three dimensional computations for flows and bed variations in curved channel with gently sloped
More informationAppendix O. Sediment Transport Modelling Technical Memorandum
Appendix O Sediment Transport Modelling Technical Memorandum w w w. b a i r d. c o m Baird o c e a n s engineering l a k e s design r i v e r s science w a t e r s h e d s construction Final Report Don
More informationAASHTO Extreme Weather Events Symposium Vermont s Road and Rivers - Managing for the Future
AASHTO Extreme Weather Events Symposium Vermont s Road and Rivers - Managing for the Future May 22, 2013 PLANET EARTH 2 2 MANY MANYYEARS AGO 23,000 years ago there was more than 8,000 feet of glacier over
More informationDRAFT Design Hydraulic Study. Bridge 04C-0055, Mattole Road Bridge over Mattole River at Honeydew. Humboldt County. Prepared for:
DRAFT Design Hydraulic Study Bridge 04C-0055, Mattole Road Bridge over Mattole River at Honeydew Humboldt County Prepared for: Morrison Structures Incorporated 1890 Park Marina Drive, Suite 104 Redding,
More information3.12 Geology and Topography Affected Environment
3 Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences 3.12 Geology and Topography 3.12.1 Affected Environment 3.12.1.1 Earthquakes Sterling Highway MP 45 60 Project Draft SEIS The Kenai Peninsula is predisposed
More informationTechnical Memorandum. To: From: Copies: Date: 10/19/2017. Subject: Project No.: Greg Laird, Courtney Moore. Kevin Pilgrim and Travis Stroth
Technical Memorandum To: From: Greg Laird, Courtney Moore Kevin Pilgrim and Travis Stroth 5777 Central Avenue Suite 228 Boulder, CO 80301 www.otak.com Copies: [Electronic submittal] Date: 10/19/2017 Subject:
More informationMEMORANDUM 1. INTRODUCTION
MEMORANDUM TO: Jim Well, Ducks Unlimited FROM: Mike Harvey, PhD, PG, Bob Mussetter, PhD, PE, Dai Thomas, PE SUBJECT: Two-dimensional Sediment-transport Modeling of the M&T/Llano Project No. US-CA-62-2
More informationUSE OF DOWNSTREAM-FACING AEROFOIL-SHAPED BRIDGE PIERS TO REDUCE LOCAL SCOUR
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IJCIET) International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print) ISSN 0976 6316(Online)
More informationScour (erosion) of the foundations of bridges over. Bridge Scour in the Coastal Regions
Bridge Scour in the Coastal Regions J. R. Richar(ison, University of Missouri at Kansas City E. V. Richardson, Owen Ayres & Associates, Inc. B. L. Edge, Texas A&M University Bridge scour and waterway instability
More informationFHWA/IN/JTRP-2000/12. Final Report. D. A. Lyn E. Neseem A. Ramachandra Rao A. G. Altschaeffl
FHWA/IN/JTRP-2000/12 Final Report A LABORATORY SENSITIVITY STUDY OF HYDRAULIC PARAMETERS IMPORTANT IN THE DEPLOYMENT OF FIXED-IN-PLACE SCOUR-MONITORING DEVICES D. A. Lyn E. Neseem A. Ramachandra Rao A.
More informationEstimation of the Minimum Floor Length Downstream Regulators under Different Flow Scenarios
International Science Index, Civil and Environmental Engineering Vol:6, No:8, 01 waset.org/publication/7144 Abstract The correct design of the regulators structure requires complete prediction of the ultimate
More informationCase Study: Hydraulic Model Study for Abandoned Channel Restoration
Engineering, 2013, 5, 989-996 Published Online December 2013 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/eng) http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2013.512120 Case Study: Hydraulic Model Study for Abandoned Channel Restoration
More informationReactivation of Klingnau reservoir sidearm: Numerical simulation of sediment release downstream
River Flow 2014 Schleiss et al. (Eds) 2014 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-1-138-02674-2 Reactivation of Klingnau reservoir sidearm: Numerical simulation of sediment release downstream A. Amini
More informationSCOPE OF PRESENTATION STREAM DYNAMICS, CHANNEL RESTORATION PLANS, & SEDIMENT TRANSPORT ANALYSES IN RELATION TO RESTORATION PLANS
DESIGN METHODS B: SEDIMENT TRANSPORT PROCESSES FOR STREAM RESTORATION DESIGN PETER KLINGEMAN OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPT., CORVALLIS 2 ND ANNUAL NORTHWEST STREAM RESTORATION DESIGN SYMPOSIUM
More informationProbabilistic Evaluation of a Meandering Low-Flow Channel. February 24 th, UMSRS
Probabilistic Evaluation of a Meandering Low-Flow Channel February 24 th, 2014 2014 UMSRS 1 2 acknowledgments Low- Flow Channel (LFC) overview Proposed Diversion Channel collects runoff from: The Rush
More informationAnalysis of the Cause for the Collapse of a Temporary Bridge Using Numerical Simulation
Engineering, 2013, 5, 997-1005 Published Online December 2013 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/eng) http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2013.512121 Analysis of the Cause for the Collapse of a Temporary Bridge Using
More informationBishopville Prong Study
Bathymetric and Sediment Assessment in the Bishopville Prong of St. Martin River Darlene V. Wells, Richard A. Ortt, Jr., and Stephen Van Ryswick Funded by MCBP 2011-2012 Implementation Grant Objectives
More informationA-JACKS CONCRETE ARMOR UNITS Channel Lining and Pier Scour Design Manual
A-JACKS CONCRETE ARMOR UNITS Channel Lining and Pier Scour Design Manual Prepared for Armortec, Inc. Bowling Green, Kentucky P.O. Box 270460 Fort Collins, Colorado 80527 (970) 223-5556, FAX (970) 223-5578
More informationGEOSYNTHETICS ENGINEERING: IN THEORY AND PRACTICE
GEOSYNTHETICS ENGINEERING: IN THEORY AND PRACTICE Prof. J. N. Mandal Department of civil engineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India. Tel.022-25767328 email: cejnm@civil.iitb.ac.in Module - 4
More informationDegradation Concerns related to Bridge Structures in Alberta
Degradation Concerns related to Bridge Structures in Alberta Introduction There has been recent discussion regarding the identification and assessment of stream degradation in terms of how it relates to
More informationInstructor : Dr. Jehad Hamad. Chapter (7)
Instructor : Dr. Jehad Hamad Chapter (7) 2017-2016 Soil Properties Physical Properties Mechanical Properties Gradation and Structure Compressibility Soil-Water Relationships Shear Strength Bearing Capacity
More informationMississippi River West Bay Diversion Geomorphic Assessment and 1-D Modeling Plan
Mississippi River West Bay Diversion Geomorphic Assessment and 1-D Modeling Plan Freddie Pinkard and Charlie Little Research Hydraulic Engineers ERDC-CHL-River Engineering Branch 27 February 2009 Lane
More informationVARIATION OF MANNING S ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENT WITH SEEPAGE IN SAND-BED CHANNEL *Satish Patel 1 and Bimlesh Kumar 2
International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 5, No 6, 2016, 3678 3685 ISSN 2278-3687 (O) 2277-663X (P) VARIATION OF MANNING S ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENT WITH SEEPAGE IN SAND-BED CHANNEL
More information