Mark S. Nordberg Geology and Groundwater Investigations Section North Central Region Office California Department of Water Resources
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1 Mark S. Nordberg Geology and Groundwater Investigations Section North Central Region Office California Department of Water Resources Ukiah Drought Workshop July 29, 2009
2 Groundwater 101 Groundwater is the water occurring beneath the earth s surface that completely fills the void space in rocks or sediment An aquifer is a body of rock or sediment that yields significant amounts of groundwater to wells or springs An aquitard is a body of rock or sediment that is typically capable of storing groundwater but does not yield it in significant or economic quantities A groundwater basin is defined as an alluvial aquifer with reasonably well defined boundaries
3 Examples of Aquifer Materials Sand & Gravel Aquifer Material Hard Rock/Fractured Rock Aquifer Material
4 Examples of Aquifer Materials Example of fractured rock core Shallow core from a riverbank deposit Roadside cut near San Andreas Fault
5 Hydrologic Cycle DWR, DPLA
6 General Groundwater Concept USGS, Circular 1186
7 What controls the occurrence and availability of groundwater? Climate (precipitation) controls the availability of water in an area Geology (rock type and structure) controls the capacity to store groundwater Porosity is the ability of a rock to contain water Permeability is the ability of water to move through rock A rock can be highly porous (clay), but not very permeable
8 Examples of Porosity in Rocks Sand & gravel, well sorted: 25 50% Sand & gravel, mixed: 20 35% Glacial Till: 10 20% Silt: 35 50% Clay: 33 60% Fractured crystalline rock: 1 10% Fractured volcanic rock: variable DWR, DPLA
9 Examples of Permeability in Rocks Sands & gravels are highly permeable Silt & clay have low permeability Fractured rock is variable Weathered rock is commonly clayey, with relatively low permeability Heath, 1993
10 Groundwater Flow Paths Groundwater flow paths vary greatly in length, depth and travel time Groundwater pumped from wells can be days old or hundreds of years old USGS, Circular 1139
11 Unconfined vs. Confined Aquifers USGS, Circular 1217
12 Groundwater Interactions with Streams USGS, Circular 1139
13 Groundwater Interactions with Lakes A Lakes can receive groundwater inflow B Lakes can lose water as seepage to groundwater C Or both USGS, Circular 1139
14 Saltwater Intrusion Coastal Areas Coastal and Inland Areas USGS, Circular 1186 USGS, Circular 1186
15 California s Groundwater Bulletin 118 Update 2003 In California, groundwater provides: About 30% of water supply in normal years More than 40% in dry years California s Groundwater, DWR Bulletin 118 Update 2003
16 California s Groundwater Basins 431 Groundwater Basins 108 Sub basins Underlies 40% of the surface of California Mostly alluvial filled valleys Provide most of the State s groundwater storage
17 North Coast Hydrologic Region Bulletin : California s Groundwater 1 13 Little Lake Valley 1 51 Potter Valley 1 52 Ukiah Valley 1 19 Anderson Valley 1 53 Sanel Valley 1 56 McDowell Valley
18 Mendocino County Groundwater 7,076 wells on file with DWR
19 Mendocino County Groundwater
20 East Fork Russian River near Ukiah 30 East Fork Russian River near Ukiah (USGS # ) Historical Flow Records for Flow [1000 AF/month] cfs 3/77 12/77 2/87 2/91 3/01 3/
21 DWR s Drought Dot Map spring2009_v3 1_wExplanation.pdf
22 DWR Groundwater Monitoring Wells Laytonville Willits Ukiah Hopland
23 DWR Groundwater Monitoring Wells Laytonville Willits Green: Above Drought Period Water Years Yellow: About the Same Orange: Below Drought Period Water Years Ukiah Hopland
24 DWR Groundwater Monitoring Wells Laytonville Willits Green: Above Drought Period Water Years Yellow: About the Same Orange: Below Drought Period Water Years Ukiah Hopland
25 DWR Monitoring Wells Laytonville Area
26 DWR Monitoring Wells Laytonville Area
27 DWR Monitoring Wells Laytonville Area
28 DWR Monitoring Wells Willits Area
29 DWR Monitoring Wells Willits Area
30 DWR Monitoring Wells Willits Area
31 DWR Monitoring Wells Willits Area
32 DWR Monitoring Wells Ukiah Area
33 DWR Monitoring Wells Potter Valley Area
34 DWR Monitoring Wells Ukiah Area
35 DWR Monitoring Wells Ukiah Area
36 DWR Monitoring Wells Ukiah Area
37 DWR Monitoring Wells Ukiah Area
38 DWR Monitoring Wells Ukiah Area
39 DWR Monitoring Wells Hopland Area
40 Groundwater Level Data DWR Water Data Library (WDL) DWR Integrated Water Resources Information System (IWRIS)
41 Groundwater and Drought Information DWR Groundwater Information Center DWR Drought Conditions USGS California Water Science Center
42 For Further Information Contact Division of Integrated Regional Water Management North Central Region Office Geology and Groundwater Investigations Section Mark Nordberg
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