(1) naturally occurring (2) inorganic (3) solid that has a (4) definite chemical composition and (5) crystal structure

Transcription

1 Page 1 (1) naturally occurring (2) inorganic (3) solid that has a (4) definite chemical composition and (5) crystal structure quartz, pyrite cement, steel not formed from living things or the remains of living things coal amber pearls plants tree sap oysters

2 ESRT Pg. 16 Page 1 halite quartz pyrite hematite magnetite calcite graphite diamond sulfur 1 sodium NaCl sodium chloride 1 chlorine 1 silicon SiO silicon dioxide 2 2 oxygen 1 iron FeS 2 iron sulfide 2 sulfur 2 iron Fe 2 O 3 iron oxide 3 oxgyen 3 iron Fe 3 O 4 iron oxide 4 oxygen 1 calcium calcium CaCO 3 1 carbon carbonate 3 oxygen C carbon 1 carbon C carbon 1 carbon S sulfur 1 sulfur

3 oil shape size/volume liquid Page 2 atoms are arranged in repeating geometric patterns

4 Page 2 from cooling lava/magma When water evaporates, dissolved minerals settle out -called precipitates Mineral growth

5 Giant Crystal Caves

6 Page 3 physical chemical green yellow clear, pink (rose), purple (amethyst), white (milky), grey-brown (smoky), etc. black, grey, reddish brown, dark red Natural coloring agents - impurities Weathering exposure to the environment (air, temp changes, pollution)

7 Page 3 the color of the powder when a mineral is rubbed on a streak plate reddish-brown white/colorless

8 Page 4 the way a mineral shines or reflects light from its surface Metallic looks like gold or silver galena, pyrite, graphite, magnetite Nonmetallic does NOT look like a metal pearly mica glassy quartz, halite dull, earthy bauxite waxy talc brilliant diamond

9 Page 4 a measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched talc diamond talc gypsum calcite flourite apatite feldspar quartz topaz corundum fingernail copper iron nail glass steel file streak plate diamond

10 Page yes yes no yes yes no yes no no no 4 7

11 Pages 5 & 6 the mineral s internal arrangement of atoms when a mineral splits along smooth, flat surfaces

12 Page 6 one three internal structure/ bonds of atoms

13 breaks grows crystals when a mineral breaks along curved or irregular surfaces Pages 6 & 7 sulfur, bauxite, hematite, quartz 8

14 Page 7 Calcite magnetite magnetic

15 Page 7 calcite double refraction Pitchblende radioactive

16 Page 8 metals and nonmetals that can be mined or removed in usable amounts for a profit heat electricity iron hematite Fe O Fe 2 O 3 magnetite Fe 3 O 4

17 Page 8 aluminum copper bauxite Al(OH) 3 AlO(OH) HAlO 2 chalcopyrite CuFeS 2 malachite Cu 2 CO 3 (OH) 2 lead galena PbS

18 Page 9 silver argenite AgS 2 gold gold Au mercury cinnabar HgS

19 Alloys

20 Page 9 Alloy bronze brass pewter steel heat electricity Halite table salt

21 Page 10 Gypsum wallboard Sulfur matches Talc Graphite pencil lead Kaolinite bricks Calcite cement

22 Page 10 Hardness, color, luster, clarity, durability, rarity diamonds, rubies, sapphires, emeralds amethyst, garnet, topaz pearls, amber

23 Birthstone Gems

24 Petrology Page 11 classified formation/origin sedimentary igneous metamorphic

25 Page 11 GRANITE minerals mica feldspar quartz monomineralic only one mineral (limestone calcite) polymineralic two or more minerals (granite)

26 Page 11 Quartz 12% Potassium Feldspar 12% Plagioclase Feldspar 38% Pyroxene 11% Hornblende/Amphibole 5% Biotite Mica 5% Clays 4.6% Olivine 3% Other 8.4%

27 Page 12 Sedimentary Rock Video Rocks that usually form in layers from the accumulation of sediments, organic matter, or chemical precipitates

28 Page 12 layers of sediments deposited and acculumulate pressure + weight squeezes lower layers sediment compacted into rock

29 Page 12 &13 CLASTIC form from rock particles/sediments that are pressed and cemented together compaction pressed by weight of overlying rock cementation glued by natural cement in water (calcite) after deposition compaction cementation

30 Page 13 conglomerate sandstone siltstone shale boulders cobbles pebbles sand silt clay Clastic Rocks

31 Chemical form from dissolved minerals in water that settle-out (precipitate) (Dissolved mineral left behind when water evaporates) Pages 13 &14 limestone rock salt rock gypsum dolostone calcite halite gypsum dolomite

32 Page 14 Organic form from the accumulation of plant and/or animal matter that undergoes a transformation into rock limestone coal

33 Page 14 TIME peat lignite brown coal bituminous soft coal anthracite hard coal Coal formation

34 Page 15 sediments conglomerate sandstone

35 Page 15 fossils fossil limestone shale form in layers called strata or beds

36 Igneous Rock Video Page 16 Forms from the cooling and solidification (crystallization) of molten lava and magma cools solidifies sizes shapes composition Crystallization

37 Page 16 Extrusive/Volcanic - forms from the fast cooling of lava near the Earth s surface - small or no crystals - smooth/fine texture glassy Intrusive/Plutonic - forms from the slow cooling of magma within the Earth - large crystals - coarse/rough texture fine coarse

38 Page 17 lava extrusive magma intrusive

39 Page 17 very fast non- crystalline glassy obsidian fast less than 1 mm fine basalt rhyolite slow 1 mm or larger coarse granite gabbro

40 Page 18 crystal size cooling As rate of cooling increases, crystal size decreases rate of no crystals very fast small fast large crystals slow

41 Page 18 Form from other preexisting rock (sed., met., ign.) that have been changed Metamorphic Rock Video

42 Page 19 heat pressure chemical activity metamorphic recrystallization sedimentary igneous

43 Page 19 increased density new minerals Banding Distorted structure

44 Page 20 Foliated have mineral crystals arranged in parallel layers or bands Nonfoliated DO NOT have mineral crystals in bands, DO NOT break in layers/sheets slate schist gneiss marble quartzite anthracite coal shale slate granite limestone sandstone bituminous coal sed. met. ign. sed. sed. sed.

45 Page 20 sedimentary igneous metamorphic

46 Page 21 SEDIMENTARY Clastic Organic Chemical conglomerate sandstone siltstone shale bituminous coal limestone rock gypsum rock salt dolostone limestone

47 Page 21 IGNEOUS Intrusive (plutonic) granite gabbro Extrusive (volcanic) pumice basalt rhyolite obsidian

48 Page 21 METAMORPHIC Foliated schist slate gneiss Nonfoliated anthracite coal quartzite marble

49 Pages 22-23

50 Stonehenge: bluestone

51 Grand Canyon: layers of sed. rock

52 Pyramids: limestone

53 White House: sandstone

54 David: marble

55 Vietnam Wall: gabbro

56 Cleopatra s Needle: granite

57 Lincoln Memorial: marble