What does Evolution Explain?

Transcription

1 What does Evolution Explain?

2 Leonardo da Vinci ( )

3 Nicholas Copernicus ( ) The Scientific Revolution ca. 1543

4 The Scientific Revolution ca Andreas Vesalius ( )

5 What does Evolution Explain? 1) Biological Patterns in Time

6 .only fiction and Hollywood can transcend time.

7 The geological record is arrayed in a sequential order, with older rocks positioned lower in the section, and younger rocks above

8 The simplest living organisms are single-celled creatures.

9 Modern stromatolites living in northern Australia

10 Stromatolites occur in some of the oldest Precambrian sedimentary rocks.

11 and the oldest fossils are of single-celled creatures like these stromatolites

12 The first animals with backbones (notochords) are found later, in Paleozoic rocks. Pikaia an ancient chordate, and a distant relative of the vertebrates, is found in Cambrian rocks.

13 Sauropod dinosaurs are only found in the Mesozoic

14 More familiar organisms, like this giant ground sloth, are from the Quaternary.the first people in North America probably saw these and may have eaten them

15 What does Evolution Explain? 2) Biological Patterns in Space

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24 Glossopterus. A Permian plant fossil found in South America, Africa, India, Antarctica, and Australia.how did it achieve this distribution?

25 How did Glossopterus achieve this distribution?

26 Permian biogeography, and plate tectonics offer an explanation.

27 What does Evolution Explain? 3) Biological Patterns in Form (anatomy)

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37 Pattern 3 (continued): Form Ontogeny: growth of a single individual (like you or me) from a single cell to adult.

38 Ontogeny: growth and differentiation of an individual from egg to adult

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40 Could different species that resemble each other be related?

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44 Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon Jardin de Plantes Paris

45 Jardin de Plantes Paris

46 Hunterian Museum, London, ca. 1850

47 Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

48 George Cuvieer s Museum at the Jardin de Plantes, Pariss

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51 Erasmus Darwin ( ) Zootomia (Index Expurgatorius)

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53 Variation occurs in all natural populations providing the basis for Natural Selection or Sexual Selection.

54 Darwinian evolution:

55 Darwinian evolution: Descent with modification

56 Darwinian evolution: Descent with modification Modification is driven by Natural Selection

57 Darwinian evolution: Descent with modification Modification is driven by Natural Selection Natural Selection acts on natural variation among individuals in a population

58 Darwinian evolution: Descent with modification Modification is driven by Natural Selection Natural Selection acts on natural variation among individuals in a population Natural Selection is non-directional

59 Darwinian evolution: Descent with modification Modification is driven by Natural Selection Natural Selection acts on natural variation among individuals in a population Natural Selection is non-directional What traits are selected for or against are contingent on the conditions for existence and reproductive success

60 Darwinian evolution: Descent with modification Modification is driven by Natural Selection Natural Selection acts on natural variation among individuals in a population Natural Selection is non-directional What traits are selected for or against are contingent on the conditions for existence and reproductive success Evolution is a highly contingent process

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64 Why is Linnaeus famous?

65 Why is Linnaeus famous? Systema Naturae (1758)

66 Linnaean classification..

67 has a hard time with evolving organisms. Transitional forms from the fossil record spawned the theory of evolution, and now an evolutionary system of classification Archaeopteryx a Jurassic fossil with feathers and teeth.

68 Phylogenetic nomenclature is hierarchical.

69 Cladogram: evolutionary map of relationships, or phylogeny

70 Monophyletic group: an ancestor and ALL of its descendants

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72 Quiz: What are the three patterns that evolution explains?

73 Phylogenetic classification is hierarchical.

74 .only Hollywood can transcend time.

75 A mammal, early in its ontogeny, showing many labeled characters

76 Synapomorphy: an evolutionary novelty that marks a monophyletic group; a new feature arising in the last common ancestor of that group. The Amniotic egg is a synapomorphy of this group, Amniota; the amniotic egg arose at node 1.

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